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OUP)":"\"e1d87eaa01e713e4cd54d01f3a53e8c9\"","Bevington, Fuggle, Fonagy (2015) Applying attachment theory to effective practice with hard-to-reach youth: the AMBIT approach":"\"f44feefabe693096a040b4a427f81b1f\"","Billie Delaney":"\"9c29b7cb19462956b42a997ad09636b5\"","Biology":"\"f3b4f8ad4f5c093e088cbbdb86bdeddf\"","BipolarDisorder":"\"ddc07f54f44b649c0bf220f77c82017c\"","BlockQuotes":"\"6fb9b2130e2bcfc53c9c2e295e3c6f9c\"","Blood Borne Virus Screening":"\"b5c582a907f239002b1a5c0242ce690b\"","Boundaries":"\"533c648c9e0e52996f6b83fbd0760486\"","BreadcrumbsCommand":"\"ffd2fd255ffad7940c8f8b685eb318a5\"","Breaking down tasks into steps":"\"c08b02f6b19bc6e8d48388aa1be63fab\"","Briefing session for senior managers/commissioners":"\"9543d906eafbc775ad7feed410c65bed\"","Broadcasting Intentions":"\"98c06d66900c41a9489a8fdfbeff8e26\"","Building a Community of Practice - Dickon Bevington":"\"a52ff4f18fb23220473275a12cc75297\"","Building networks and links":"\"9a37034e336b284e4054bb8746938d47\"","Bullet points and Numbered Lists":"\"2bdd942a7365b77f9afd78200fef680f\"","CASUS":"\"cf4627e32396f3c1d95c13884126392e\"","CB-Principles":"\"70873f6c419b9f5762e45e40d0f6ea3a\"","CBT":"\"5a699b76efada24e1bc2348ff3981455\"","CBT techniques":"\"398edbbb2e0ce86ee44465e105e6c488\"","CBT-Special Circumstances":"\"1d2f1a55045b5a73f40a930ef54712bd\"","CGAS":"\"829aaa38fc60045332c3812c32bcd5e1\"","CGI-I":"\"35ac18ad3d412c2b23ebf7aa971f52aa\"","CGI-S":"\"4a3f1365997791ecdabf8f88b8d12ca7\"","CLIENT exercises from AMBIT training":"\"196ab83e69827e58244591a5baf8cf51\"","CSJ (2012) Rules of Engagement: Changing the heart of youth justice":"\"3dc6be04043aefe4d061323da538e161\"","Cambridge and Peterborough CLAHRC":"\"dfdaabccdc1013d3d597edf345e5260d\"","Can we do AMBIT without the Manual?":"\"85a78697185f708677497bd14379280d\"","Cannabis Effects video by MAC-UK":"\"6406f282b04eac9c250350567fc7d15d\"","Cannabis Legal issues":"\"1fe16e8e79a435596c10db93288d4691\"","Cannabis Misuse":"\"270daacdd534381780a08711fd9c2f89\"","Capacity to Trust.jpg":"\"48c62b58a0c27ced7df0c952104ab95c\"","Care Plan":"\"d44cd28aecb4f2f0192cba1f2af498e5\"","CarePlanTab":"\"f169ddf9d0dc6e259c19f53d331b5886\"","Careful and concerned CURIOSITY":"\"397ff146d195b41b57f991edff1ebfce\"","Case Reviews":"\"bcc5857ee4b0ef39936e2af5d788a5d8\"","Case discussion":"\"2399d18c5ec734fa5c2c0cb7c3aac246\"","CaseManagement":"\"d1e9a15cba05bd025b608a6609eb44ab\"","Cecchin, G. (1987). Hypothesising, circularity and neutrality revisited: an invitation to curiosity":"\"e627c21fef4cb304d942513d546c9f57\"","Challenging techniques":"\"03c2e70beee3b7cba15e06209007f1ab\"","Checking":"\"958ae36e144d9389f8f252b3ccd73de1\"","Child Protection":"\"4cfa82a615193d5da879a7f5361f14c0\"","Child Protection Referral":"\"89d25a6fd4c5a244b84ed78807d1005e\"","Child Protection/Safeguarding Services":"\"0ef4b3b69f149fe4f9b7bf9be11abadb\"","Children in Care and Substance use":"\"b1286efb799b319a3fd6b06faf4fbcd1\"","Children of Substance Using Parents":"\"be6182a489eda360778ea060dba99ffe\"","Children with Mental Health/Behaviour problems who use substances":"\"14a227ee4a039de30237847db3012e6b\"","Choi-Kain, Gunderson (2008) Mentalization: ontogeny, assessment, and application":"\"a680e8b2a88fe42a738b380e6d72e47b\"","Chorpita, Daleiden and Weisz (2005)":"\"ac18d8b2ce52e376a807d04e08c02230\"","Circular interviewing":"\"2200e5310f18adf4856e49e15f2f2b10\"","City Bridge Trust":"\"9e525ffe1eeb94d56460de99594ddc79\"","Client CASE REVIEW - CheckLists":"\"e3c79c7cb79c221b11207c632f406e6a\"","Client Case Review - Date and Agenda":"\"3da59e2ce96d3f557978cafcec971981\"","Client's AMBIT Wheel":"\"4ca7a4264cc1b9971cb5d2c202185e67\"","ClientContents":"\"40c798af0b12d29921da27ba81e99e66\"","ClientNotes":"\"624454d0b4e873668e1bf0e6470eec2f\"","ClientWheelDoubleSided":"\"9f2ebc75e249253018a0c128efec4551\"","ClientWheelsingle":"\"d67724a4f18b3b2c8595c19d5e57da57\"","Clinical Global Impression (CGI)":"\"66b801b2873c077271fa8c97d95d9587\"","ClinicalContactNotes":"\"830b1cf1f5251158775a3a21753926b4\"","ClinicalThemes":"\"f8c3b809a6f57f07099620cb04802305\"","Coaching":"\"f4523b6ffc0a7ce6826d62c190ffb2a8\"","Cognitions":"\"8d0e1af6416dec4dfe0cbd07f7cfb928\"","Cognitive Behavioural":"\"e385cd923b88d791096e59c6018779e3\"","Cognitive Behavioural work - CheckLists":"\"0f523299debebc3c9f9c59295224a0b4\"","Cognitive approaches to SUD-Rx":"\"74e6f2ad3c00b95e52c5baa710f534dd\"","CognitiveBehavioural for SUD-Rx":"\"2354325878557eabbb61e0ff40fc6275\"","Cole, M (2009) Using Wiki technology to support student engagement: Lessons from the trenches":"\"bc76b482f5d974ce6e2b33db23ac01a4\"","Colombo-style Curiosity":"\"58a20c68977327063f0a2109504d4280\"","ColorPalette":"\"93cb1de29f5e011b68f0119c0359ea03\"","Comic Relief":"\"4c083f54121033325d7fc5d70d1f9e9b\"","Comment by 'dickon' on '+ Getting started'":"\"54ac065b561eb7ebfc71c10a4aae348d\"","Comment by 'dickon' on 'Comment by Dickon on '+ Getting started''":"\"b91119d17d8e5ab009d1f397a0ba6f90\"","Comment by 'dickon' on 'Error messages'":"\"32e3838befea00c378d8029c3598e9e8\"","Comment by 'dickon' on 'Error messages' 1":"\"2c76a3874e13a9c526f864a433f14adb\"","Comment by 'dickon' on 'Future AMBIT training intentions'":"\"6547e8580e2f2b23ddf6deb172511b6f\"","Comment by 'dickon' on 'Logic models training exercise'":"\"4d48a5ec909acef1b0f00d4e91effad8\"","Commenting Function":"\"84953dbd642e210c5cc28570a005a494\"","Community":"\"3085077edfcfdbbf3334f62b4014ed26\"","Community of Practice":"\"fcdcdff770ce8df3511829ab285022de\"","Community of Practice core changes widget":"\"aebc7ed463f3fee04381380bbd373f9c\"","Community of Practice recent changes":"\"784b52573f50f900b0e561b3c9f86909\"","Comorbidities":"\"b3f3f1a6bb1d3889b32b2b7312bddec4\"","Comparing Destinations":"\"f4d269e2d021755ab528794e3ed08dc7\"","Competencies 29.08.2018":"\"e9146fe060ecfd76f5f5952673ad2a39\"","Competency use and importance ratings":"\"1ed7edd139cb45f039c80c1ccbfa847b\"","Complexity":"\"5cf7f3dcb7b4b6f5319a13d86804dac7\"","Concrete Mentalizing difficulties":"\"ae7ea1b76cbeadf675d36e9081d80f77\"","Conduct problems":"\"2e6b881155f955b8a7a0c9418c1b2ea8\"","Confidentiality":"\"ef212c010ce6039e5888dff67caa40f2\"","Connecting Conversations":"\"2c04fc50ba42443825873860468c9014\"","Consent to Treatment":"\"86c096d4ea02d60f241c2d4cb9c4351b\"","Consultation Day":"\"89eb8ccb0e96de272be6a6cbdbd1d25f\"","Contact":"\"378583ad86dc373b2132016c41ccc347\"","ContactRecording":"\"151b03974f2db7c2f05af30e52aa2662\"","Contemplation":"\"7ff77dd49beab3144a6b19c8a8963c7b\"","Contextualising in time":"\"21f1f8cc8daee37e659bb990cde55c17\"","Contingencies":"\"e6e3d551143eef17827f1d2920c0ab98\"","Copyright matters":"\"0cc52ee8e83eff12368de8cebbf44098\"","Core Features of AMBIT":"\"2c194554f3d6a6b74900ad55b145e413\"","Core Features of AMBIT - fields [edit conflict 18:31:48]":"\"922f0c6b32a5ce848919f2cd30016b59\"","Core Features of AMBIT - text [edit conflict 18:31:48]":"\"cdd54e0b74e86c354ab7dcb94fb220cb\"","Course of a session - some interventions in detail":"\"d08cb3aa03f1614edd5ad42bb57c5f97\"","Create specific \"TRAILS\" or \"STORYLINES\" for beginners":"\"f40484159bd90d27cfaa97b6eeae2f1d\"","Createnewpageicon.jpg":"\"26092a96c271fbeed541b1b09f2dcb7b\"","Creating Tables":"\"888ac9a82c350765e05a7f4051a14137\"","Crisis Contingency Planning":"\"e82835ba79794c758be55d66707e506f\"","CrisisServices":"\"f96ad82d4b21f45ac6e29d7ea3797af5\"","Criteria for inclusion/exclusion of CONTENT in AMBIT":"\"32bea7a588ff4f88e1e8de44bc301c2e\"","Crossword":"\"f5a3a72cce4e419fd61114a91245c45e\"","Cultural Context":"\"20ef39d7788c711a87b19fef1e063203\"","Cultural consultation":"\"5009522990a5a5c2a74f904a7fb53620\"","CultureOfHospitality":"\"a15d982cccfb4f5247183c93d38e72a0\"","Curiosity.jpg":"\"788dac2c55c41c8f2e6198f8cdcd8034\"","DOMAINS and LEVELS of dis-integration":"\"162c319fab0209d5f79af876ea6b64d2\"","DataSecurity":"\"29c1b2a0adf2c4125ff8301ca1828db0\"","Day 5 - sculpting the AMBIT wheel: a training exercise":"\"b0958c6eafc44298b7952c0319a695b9\"","Default \"Create New Here\" item in drop-down tag lists (Jer 7/10)":"\"2d78072e41a64fcd068778b9671eba0d\"","DefaultTiddlers":"\"d53fad26895d1025d96f18852748a1a8\"","Delirium Tremens":"\"45fe090ad237402ffd902b2be33364fc\"","Delivering tele-supervision: a guide for AMBIT Trainers":"\"e0fbdcd77e64c78771dfad993512c4cf\"","Delusions":"\"2ce066d256d38c652721afbbe8c7c8fa\"","Depression":"\"280cb269e4181797731a1ff73eec93a4\"","Develop Discrepancy":"\"40312bf920a7b28be7256f244fec4f81\"","Developing Team Learning Objectives":"\"8fb3d53bd355a84cc5c60b86597f6bdb\"","Developing a team culture of planning":"\"09508863f78a2807e367ecbffdce29c7\"","Developing learning organisations":"\"afd862fd5d3158ebc6ca3e46b78765e4\"","Developing maintenance routines":"\"6f76ebf5bd24fc58b61f55627d9215de\"","Developmental Considerations":"\"e099e43982757e75a7fc42e01ddedec9\"","DevelopmentalHistory":"\"2d47ae36f390fc59645f6ca1e9a664c8\"","Dgrid.PNG":"\"0c26a6da5b925e760e073f8d6c93a44f\"","Diagnoses":"\"b1c814bfc62941d8b17a8bbdebfd10f2\"","Diagnoses - fields [edit conflict 01:38:36]":"\"bd1432b5130f69cd9c8866a6159dc068\"","Diagnoses - text [edit conflict 01:38:36]":"\"5eab943149d9e539548019864a9e0803\"","DickonBevington":"\"4d6b1a9aced49eaaf5a3ba08922a7999\"","Differences between MST and AMBIT":"\"4c6de1bebc307e71d5910f4a5a67aec0\"","Dis-integratedInterventions":"\"224db96aac586979dfd255f88177c5d7\"","Dis-integration":"\"f6b357ca562f82bd2f33a1a4246a3e36\"","Dis-integration Grid EXERCISE":"\"b4795e7a0b946e8866a5dcec539f16d8\"","Dis-integration grid":"\"86281f7efe72ec4d2490692489090bb6\"","Dis-integration grid - Local":"\"6c82b0a8071851560e8d3ef971ecb4ad\"","Dis-integrationGridPicture":"\"34f8a6816ae093f7002c43d7424f1a56\"","Dis-integrative processes in a Family/Systemic context":"\"192be63025f8890ca940b4c0afb4ffef\"","Dis-integrative processes in a Multi Disciplinary Team":"\"97b7d9d35ad3748b882470a66ac77aff\"","Dis-integrative processes in a Multi-Agency context":"\"9d06649959805b74302233e6d9b7ee3d\"","Dis-integrative processes in an Individual Clinician":"\"7aef91f2b98c88de4b0cd28884d14fb4\"","Dis-integrativeProcesses":"\"0f119ab79b5d80ad67fd6bd2b6a0c7c3\"","Disclaimer":"\"8a686b989cd283d80fa607772b365917\"","Discussing outcomes (PF and DB)":"\"00e62c106ca00ae97c408dc5d7d5c9d7\"","Disintegration in networks: respect for local practice and expertise?":"\"48d070463057648c9d3f3292d4029545\"","Dive Boat":"\"0c691f89975995d2247ac9a9f7499421\"","Does AMBIT work? (Unconference conversation 2016)":"\"77510f962ab14e101722cd6e18d0d1e3\"","Domains":"\"f25c81183370d49e07482e5f5d37c7d1\"","Domestic violence":"\"2811362d02529a94580933fe1586f272\"","Draft of 'Cognitive Behavioural'":"\"ccff47dcaec370d6e3be6ed7804190e2\"","Draw my mind":"\"97de5e1a7b8cbdaa8523d8b3e48370a5\"","Drawing the AMBIT Wheel":"\"666a006320722ef786b81ba27b334fcb\"","Duncan Law and the IAPT CO-OP Group (2012).  Using Service User Feedback & Outcome Tools":"\"3e1ad81f5ba2ce50e4050b3cf7659e2f\"","ENDING PHASE":"\"2d9f77ab3d81c5e8d06daec5494a0e3b\"","EXAMPLE of a local training session":"\"998575e022bdaec9478561df0fc4d810\"","Early phase of individual therapy - establishing trust and setting Guidelines":"\"8c159dab243af98dbd43cf5ca30dea66\"","Early versions of Active Planning":"\"2aad1947ce48455f11360894c771c255\"","EatingDisorders":"\"4c3309f777536eb7a9064344768db103\"","Edit 1.JPG":"\"7b57547098699edf050a841ff2c08069\"","Edit 2.JPG":"\"95ad07df7b8581a05fd24060dffc915d\"","Edit 3.JPG":"\"53dbeecc35d8bf696dc9871f14bcc5da\"","Edit 4.JPG":"\"0fbce2f55c2ae230c908a75504b3b24a\"","EditingConventions":"\"4e7f4335372f964da67ac4c1e55f5a1f\"","Education-Vocation Intervention phase - Example timetable and Flowchart":"\"e8575cc30d212926c65b78e2f440e3e1\"","EducationEmploymentTraining":"\"1654c271b75ff32121d4559acffeca96\"","Educational-Vocational Engagement Phase Flowchart":"\"997d88479493716dd03e6033f9b0ac7e\"","Educational-Vocational Training":"\"df1bc671b3e1c46b5f8adedfc5b51810\"","Educational-VocationalComponents":"\"26866001092365c1e34da2c96a802ce7\"","Educational-VocationalPrinciples":"\"1793dbe6e954c713574f2a7220578f70\"","Educational-VocationalStructure":"\"d14fe38b9575fe2dc5c8182f417f3de7\"","Educational/Vocational centre":"\"9847518b7ad77d2460e3e4d09faadeb8\"","Egg & Triangle - Local":"\"de18fa3a8f4c5c48a9ea2f88a4b79470\"","Egg and Triangle":"\"c952cd667f1b395df69563f1c7426ff7\"","Egg and triangle (marked)":"\"e38bfd0fb7264a55f2a19832e845ea36\"","EiaAsen":"\"1401769c78e1094cacc8553525341951\"","Elevator Pitch":"\"befcd950447ce88e07416512747d859f\"","EmergencyProcedures":"\"3c6fcda648b7e90dda528d5712cc18d0\"","EmergencyResponse":"\"48aafc2e0473c9cb1d1a370fd0e3e27e\"","Enactments":"\"7bde5f92b6f06456c3ae8949b8a988a9\"","End Phase of Mentalization based work":"\"35bf11f5d4b574cd96dea30c86a85ce3\"","Engagement":"\"62ffc0366ef18fff565fc8845acd947f\"","Engagement call":"\"0e1a2c0b8964e9e7ce0e7fa63d62110a\"","Engagement techniques":"\"d9aea18538ae062397ffae92379be39a\"","Engaging a team in Outcomes Measurement - Liz Cracknell and Carol Evans":"\"8fb707eaad8788f884bcfc4c2bcb4fcf\"","Epistemic Trust":"\"4791bdea48ae5deebdd4916706668e92\"","Error Message":"\"c22eb0ae6e25ff7289c7e4de514a500a\"","Error messages":"\"a4b6d8d25e0a68cee7f6446920bcaf9e\"","Evaluating AMBIT services":"\"ef0cd6f7c4205b4a1b858d99d89dc459\"","Evaluating AMBIT trainings":"\"d62b0dae1678ba1ffeaa827b7b0b988f\"","Evaluating outcomes":"\"5634d4074c806bb7ea6153876cb339ac\"","Even-handed attention":"\"fa0ebc842f39fdd80b216bc39fb69d3d\"","Evidence":"\"d0e6a8b75b41132045cb1bbb98fbc878\"","Example timetable during engagement phase":"\"63c50370c65e49543835858de5c9cb82\"","Examples of Mentalizing Formulations":"\"6adc49cb5f742b19ad28a015c1efb2f4\"","Existing cases":"\"1aff819ccc441714618c198d6be230da\"","Experts By Experience":"\"cb52c1ca7a7b1024f21cbd51becc37bf\"","Explicit mentalization":"\"f90814517b108ef920bd67240f33f83c\"","Exploitation and Substance use":"\"038d9ede7d546760a4fc4e49fa38e732\"","Explore integrating with POD (Jeremy 7/10)":"\"5527f9115002a39e2fb41eebd7fda402\"","ExportAIMInstructions":"\"c016448a9a97e633f75e21be45efd1e2\"","Express Empathy":"\"49834644ab7e27f4a480af7618eb5440\"","Expressed Emotion":"\"bd773a3591d013de7c2114837cd42370\"","FINISHING (Closing) a case - CheckLists":"\"0496e3c1bf06657a9b21cf8ec13341da\"","Factor Descriptor":"\"7559ce031e6788bc954633235be553cb\"","Factor Descriptors Output":"\"b5f438a101279cca68b33ffce2a9ec51\"","Families and Engagement":"\"996c19d9311b043966cc1eee9818e442\"","Family":"\"4b480514be4885be7cc4eb78564be102\"","Family Life Space (Genogram) Techniques":"\"a5e91a0f4fe93b9e144a2ee414a57d60\"","Family Sculpts":"\"6f4ab14f1d4fec58b07bc59f8cda0eda\"","Family System Mentalizing diagram 1":"\"edda21d138f82e7b10018f642eeb5016\"","Family System Mentalizing diagram 2":"\"4264a170a66d3bb8d7d87ed01567315c\"","Family-Aims and Principles":"\"a4785d22a534ee347be147b824554977\"","Family-Settings and Arrangements":"\"36726eb9c879c03fef9f81877d5be47d\"","FamilyHistory":"\"102764ec16adb0c1bb354c9223ec05d0\"","FamilyInformalNetworkMembers":"\"23cf1bd08505c4b97e9c8b56f148649d\"","FamilyWork":"\"fce12f6eacf2ef8b7926ec290235c12a\"","FamilyWork for SUD-Rx":"\"e4b206813d0e54c4fe87468bfba1deaf\"","Features of Successful Mentalizing":"\"8fc59dc9d01d1b69590af2db06ccec7c\"","Features of UNsuccessful Mentalizing":"\"3b974ed9b87439797330daf5df0711c0\"","Feedback please!":"\"3ce589458412ccce63deeacffd6edab0\"","Feeling":"\"ebb3fe6a43d16c78cf80472d9f09469b\"","Feeling Spinner":"\"5fe6eaf6a98b21ee26ae716be903d98f\"","Fillers":"\"f5689ca8847f4d7c2a45a0124c09a3f3\"","Find a falsehood":"\"0f4fb090fec64613ef27c437075ad2a9\"","Fishbowl discussion":"\"250ec6adf76e04cb6d0f5877dd2cfe8f\"","Fishtank film clip":"\"54efad6cfa7c0c388b595e7ef4903ade\"","Fitting AMBIT expertise to the expertise of others (Unconference 2016)":"\"1a2da8293656e6b2217c2560b7e83d59\"","Fitting what you ADD into what is ALREADY THERE in your manual":"\"6627ef163a9e6f747d3002ce620b7828\"","Fix floating \"logged in as\" message in mobile views (Jeremy 8/10)":"\"fbc4e38e59065902be74afcb8918cc58\"","Fix the AIM form questionnaire (Jeremy 8.5/10)":"\"fe408a1cb142d173725276d1dbb43a87\"","Fixsen's Stages of Implementation":"\"be83fa51153e64c467c5c1f9765e73a9\"","Fixsen, et al (2005) Implementation Research: A Synthesis of the Literature":"\"48f848439e197df67fc7496da61b7b25\"","Focussing on Functional difficulties and Distress":"\"ef564ffb955058b7c2c54dd521a9e490\"","Focussing on Strengths":"\"ead1d7f9b1eabe2c161ce2bda5248b5c\"","Follow-up after Mentalization based work":"\"aac07bb0fa434dcc8fff239427ab34a8\"","Follow-up training for established teams":"\"8f67d374e276ec93b35c351c78d38b14\"","Fonagy, Cottrell, Phillips, Bevington, Glaser and Allison (2014) What Works for Whom":"\"abda23877b7e7121019d886b185783cd\"","Formal supervision":"\"ab6e297c065b2d1ac9480e743815f14d\"","Formatting Pages in AFNCCF Manuals":"\"e5e5179700e513c447e2aba8deb85e8d\"","Formulation and Treatment Aims":"\"e7d96bedf197e2f3ca287fc28b848db8\"","Four corners":"\"5e848a522c0a6a57cd08db9d26d7fb70\"","Fuggle et al (2014) The AMBIT approach to outcome evaluation and manualization: adopting a learning organization approach":"\"756c55a61c5a2bc8b1c649ad04fc76cf\"","Future AMBIT training intentions":"\"825b815f2ea69cf10d87bd3a1c5cf08b\"","GHQ-12":"\"a5842aa958ae6e1fc47e7eeb86eb031e\"","GHQ12.pdf":"\"38d90dc7da5c9ed2b652f73b0d76994c\"","GUM":"\"ad9bf3ca0fba84ef12502aa0f8a05ae6\"","General Features of Unsuccessful Mentalizing":"\"b971864193af42e105c5b861fc1f9695\"","General Systemic Techniques":"\"a6a320924a4cf85583c8480662721b25\"","General features of a \"Mentalizing Stance\"":"\"da9c3ead6d6f63e6a715bf9c3f381a5c\"","Generalize (and Consider Change)":"\"f183164cd30c8a57899cab561cc19538\"","Genogram picture":"\"d7a3f6951da3e45952c0ab489f6dcd6b\"","Gergely, G (2004) The social construction of the subjective self":"\"4fc483826334c004a1ebcb986908b946\"","Getting started with CBT":"\"6ff15bd480cb610c3f7a2ec0a43bc67a\"","Getting started with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire":"\"50fda1a11941f27d5c9296baf7c21890\"","GettingStarted":"\"b6af4c4a5bb6db504e4af9ed029e9379\"","Gilvarry et al (2012) Practice standards for young people with substance misuse problems":"\"3e999280b03c7608e453e0d27f89857c\"","Giving Advice":"\"7915efb071f953acc37b017a446ff476\"","Global Assessment of Function (GAF)":"\"43582de2ca45a4c3c9989b0cd248ea14\"","Glossary":"\"e506c1f7908700f3efdd85c1a7cebc30\"","Goals-based outcome measures":"\"82bec1cb8e50adece9c533ef5c237b73\"","Governance":"\"3c0a7f037ee978decdea600365aa8153\"","Graded Exposure":"\"5caefa3d5a7ce1758bc6f93a676a3ab3\"","Graded assertiveness in challenging a team member":"\"7f0e788b9997442348d4eeda27515c4a\"","Griffiths et al (2016)":"\"71a8aca4c217d686357df5ca9773b119\"","Group Work":"\"38ac4738581af4b122b4668eb7f25af5\"","GroupPrinciples":"\"eb55a638ca8f12bbba11e77230b7b24a\"","GroupSessionStructure":"\"dd863a22de74fcbef563d61acec27983\"","GroupworkTechniques":"\"50fce20ee5a7f72f2b595549f7255edf\"","Guidance for Teams Considering Applying for Training":"\"4eaffc52fb5f5161c27e441587cb8ec7\"","H-CAMA":"\"40bc7f0a1cff721364fdcf181dd8274a\"","Hallucinations":"\"4a845d5b50f8d3c8ffd31a7a010c3006\"","Hard to reach":"\"b6d95661c2aea86dca8534e7247e8016\"","Hard-to-discharge clients":"\"ca3c56d987f5e9fb6c295cf70706b873\"","Headings and Sub-headings":"\"1c2ac2bfff995ec13e1aa6cca1f131cf\"","Hidden, private or implicit theory":"\"198d1907bd32c2fcf8e71e035a26c41d\"","Hide/move blurb about tiddler under title (Jer 5/10)":"\"8deb63d973c9c619aa2ee58ed437c1fc\"","HierarchyOfNeed":"\"f27828836d52bc9f476b6329793a670e\"","Highlighting and reinforcing Positive Mentalizing":"\"91e8071ad3b2f600f31db6e694205d99\"","Hit counter for AMBIT/CWP/EMHP manuals":"\"d9c0497682ad7317845068378fb99a97\"","HoNOSCA":"\"4861631dd1e70c2045995ddeb1ab65d5\"","Holding the Balance":"\"460b31ab70e536c933c04af5dac08f6d\"","Homework":"\"541d26ec9f68ade7bb3441eee7b594f8\"","HoverMenu":"\"1915a501f2f1d5028ab6034b830772a5\"","How do members of our team seek help from each other?":"\"64de1d87d71ffedade8c5ade7d42a8cd\"","How do members of our team support help seeking in others?":"\"4647aaa62e22e70c6bb56b0000a62a33\"","How do we as trainers keep ourselves on task?":"\"1657b65d8a94e70b90c8267b51d6d687\"","How do we help each other in this team?":"\"a099a7d287252bb4a6cff8dba70f1146\"","How do we measure whether our team is DOING this?":"\"2688ac723584ff6dfb8732aa081bdd1b\"","How does Mentalizing relate to children with Autism?":"\"d2da1d6ce7e9f99b542015a6eb9815de\"","How does the AMBIT approach fit with our Service Priorities":"\"422be773a8e6e8121bd895a3c4d81f51\"","How long should we run trainings for?":"\"4cea1d095abe8f16515edaafbac8a637\"","How motivated is my client?":"\"00810ba76cccdf58912fb261fdfb1f84\"","How much time have I spent with this client?":"\"da7ab20993b583d3e4c070b005ab93ce\"","How teams can share supervision notes if they are co-supervised":"\"d9fc3e5dae09f35d9de4336c5eadb7c2\"","How teams support each other to mentalize - Unconference Conversation, 2016":"\"996bf8aabc3ca8be5f38158780faa093\"","How to decide who is the KeyWorker?":"\"dbb177cadb93c92c3432399eda7ca0a4\"","How to draw up a Care Plan":"\"74086bfcca7ed28339d90f07c04f3215\"","How to edit - Videos":"\"c2b59a838c91455d534eccb040696e52\"","How to get the best out of Web-based seminars":"\"577c87710dbd7c3b0f426aaf5707b016\"","How to speak to a DOCTOR":"\"ea882d8298563894b1b6ce80c6bbc279\"","How to speak to a NURSE":"\"2258a2023d127ba9a902bc85d2d61730\"","How to speak to a SOCIAL WORKER":"\"0d124d0f38c3d5048f1c99c1a8276df6\"","How to speak to a...":"\"6ac18913d3679d6509767666c021c30f\"","How we work together in the room":"\"b8f4e36a75f4ecb8b06404e992e2a5fa\"","Hypothesizing":"\"ea24ee7564eb6ac6400a925a95f55e52\"","I cannot relinquish my statutory responsibilities to do this AMBIT stuff...":"\"1fd4623fe8a776fec20bd0357509410b\"","I haven't got time to do this!":"\"6f43a9336ac6e7c4d0b4bbaf7ff1ad98\"","I'm stuck: what next?":"\"c2a02f9ceee1530cb7615608088c0efb\"","I've downloaded a copy to use as an INTERACTIVE CASE RECORDING 'workbook' for a client":"\"783da0d2467095715b7ac42cb7ed1c68\"","ICR":"\"09e2ce7b6db3154169f9c388044ce174\"","IMP":"\"167ff0cbcd2f8d983688d30f5c85595a\"","INITIAL PHASE":"\"1297e98db6ef406c9d8dda8f845b5f09\"","INTERVENTION PHASE":"\"30666a58153468f72de1485d03cd1d72\"","IPPA-R (The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment—Revised)":"\"690294bde2b0ac326969428aa5477840\"","IS.JPG":"\"4d6024bad11decb90e8157081635ce7b\"","Iceberg Analogy.JPG":"\"610bb584c0b8a52a5694db3798ae8401\"","If I am the KeyWorker, do I hold sole responsibility for everything?":"\"c083f7b6d3b2d54d450f7f2c8b2d6ff8\"","Implementation Plan":"\"fea3c2417386d9c62dc156466944c7cd\"","Implementation Science":"\"d8bbcb44493ed0a71b365ccaba676c9c\"","Implementation Team":"\"98cbb02ca778510b7420c8711ac4746e\"","Implementation of the Evaluation Framework - Things to consider":"\"4c4115ce8a1907c078b6796d3e54907c\"","Implementing social-ecological change":"\"f9718e73165674bd7a3fbf75f80ac544\"","Implicit Core Beliefs":"\"3a6588a306858fff4533c9f4c922782d\"","Implicit mentalization":"\"5151c596b8946cc7bcfc487fcb883619\"","Implicit psychoanalytic model":"\"052bbc66378c6d7c9e8a457f661b8789\"","In my beginning is my end":"\"50caff5ab1adb94fd6fb5d3166c8a9da\"","Increasing 'value' in services":"\"8f0c71fb7e0ea53f43e8e629f1a51c83\"","Increasing 'value': the work of Michael Porter":"\"fe2221d861b73d05ede9615ee302d0e7\"","Increasing service value: the work of John Seddon":"\"a978eb98851c4e61b2c1b10b3d97a4cd\"","Individual Differences and Disagreements":"\"5bb9816009ab5f89923516653cc2170b\"","Individual differences and AMBIT training":"\"8280e5b4c15023fd6e869f05296fe4eb\"","Inducting new team members":"\"3278f7355a9ae077aa38218ab308fcf9\"","Initial engagement - notes for trainers":"\"3885a518308136ce2626701f60bed760\"","Initial introductions at a Training event":"\"d9b7f1bf53e7f1ec33953785db81304d\"","Injecting":"\"05e58f2ec1b4fee83223b176a126d942\"","Insight and Engagement":"\"57ff7f52817118488fd577de983f04d4\"","Integrative":"\"7426cf813ecfdd6e73251ae370eddbd1\"","Integrative Multimodal Practice":"\"b02e834c9378a203aa825f9dc194ffa2\"","IntegrativeContext":"\"138bbaa79a1c3251711c1b1bec7e36ca\"","Intention Broadcasting. Proceedings of I-KNOW ’09 and I-SEMANTICS ’09 - Von Kaufman, Richard (2009)":"\"acb0bb097f716ae336ec3d080e2ca506\"","Intentional stance":"\"7f292a2e63bbaf9647c2145b2dd76226\"","Internal Working Model":"\"5bcf44fb9eae0df6f9284825f9f190a5\"","International Train the Trainer (TTT) Model":"\"fc792d79355ace0ed8150e30a77eb71a\"","International Train the Trainer (TTT): Day 1":"\"c07a38a04c911084b290080612f8d8cb\"","International Train the Trainer (TTT): Day 2":"\"b6aea451d04e7fe8e23aa2ff89c22ba1\"","International Train the Trainer (TTT): Day 3":"\"3e93f5ffb086ea2c6b9f59fe3ae28a93\"","International Train the Trainer (TTT): Day 4":"\"0edf2bba7c045673b78fb5101689bb7d\"","International Train the Trainer (TTT): Day 5":"\"31e0d3e4280661ad1a4672b38e3e691d\"","Interprofessional Boundaries":"\"2c06dc721f837e1c648d1e5066fd058b\"","Intervention timeline":"\"f67ee35e76418596a07dcbbe88b5e581\"","Interventions":"\"b76c91e7dfe725f201b8f3fa1314544e\"","Introducing Family Work":"\"252ae2d1724c2b7f5885930cd15393c3\"","Introducing Mentalization based work - addressing resistance":"\"4397f64fa3cb8c53db0eafb119c87d01\"","Introduction":"\"f76f1ed23060744b6d6fddab82a0160f\"","Involving young people in designing outcomes":"\"e074064abe582fcc8f1220635e9da9c0\"","Is 'Thinking Together' a replacement or a change to Clinical Supervision?":"\"9367eea0a70009fc742fa94cef2b156e\"","Is AMBIT evidence based?":"\"b04272fce7b2e191a2037d1e4a1bdd86\"","Is Mentalizing just Empathy?":"\"cc001c0793c1f3354643cf4647aaebc6\"","Is Mentalizing just Reflective thinking?":"\"02cfbd271ac11eafba0e14a4d862218f\"","Is Mentalizing just about working in the transference?":"\"fd2566a0b632be03fe37c4da0b20c37e\"","Is my client showing help-seeking behaviours towards me/the team?":"\"2b3e734a41befe291ee1dcc3065d9f8d\"","Is there any difference between Mentalizing and Mindfulness?":"\"747d3168fb1d4d61be26d09c8a7ef623\"","Is this relevant to me as a NON-specialist worker (not a therapist)?":"\"ba7dd1d501de9479a3a14546402857e8\"","Isn't mentalizing just being supportive?":"\"742773c5a08856989ecd11f07b9fcccf\"","Issues that can arise when training your own team":"\"6d7789d2537b0f2898745c1c0d876143\"","Iterative":"\"bcb2b593153b91950ad579e450fd06d2\"","James Wentworth Stanley Memorial Fund":"\"2a3e81be0ad93008dbba7a9799d0e6ae\"","Jason Shaw (2013) Developing a Hypertext Educational Environment using TiddlySpace":"\"7604f018e94bed0175c7bab33299d5f4\"","JeremyRuston":"\"4174e14aaf4099cff5d16a83ed3acf57\"","John Lincoln":"\"fc2d24a9e28d5144d30b3374e115d656\"","Johnson, Baron-Cohen et al (2005) emergence of the social brain network":"\"051e42bdc12c121e831d908710c7c3ec\"","JonathanLister":"\"044a7a8cb16d4002c5c6c324f0d8cdd4\"","Just the facts":"\"43dca80233bacc66498f9d9669a72a23\"","Kaminski J, Pitsch A, Tomasello M (2012) Dogs steal in the dark":"\"8e56794ed0f9a2a3c82494fbee2a356a\"","Keeping secrets/different levels of disclosure within the family":"\"058649cfe8a0a9a3f32d6a2455c9d6b3\"","KeepingYourBearings":"\"bcda9f9d8d0b2cc97625f75f033ec567\"","Key AMBIT Topics on the Manual":"\"834586908706c62f463326e606d95b17\"","Key Problems":"\"e251a4c1f548a58e9a36fab23bcd90dc\"","KeyProblemDefinitions":"\"ce76374f108c534c94dff2febd2192c3\"","KeyProblems":"\"86b5965baf95df593d72242c1cdcd8f3\"","KeyWorker":"\"f87104317ba985da835f8698542b3502\"","Keyworker well-connected to wider team":"\"0ec7effda4aaddd174fd2c8f908a0756\"","Khan et al (2010) You just get on and do it: healthcare provision in Youth Offending Teams":"\"9340a6b674e392aca120bb82b357b91c\"","Kolb's Experiential Learning Model":"\"c4a2c52f88bf7e9af983de0194c3ae35\"","Krueger and Glass (2013) Integrative Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents: A practice-oriented literature review":"\"a3839bb1e2da2b636dadd952c600e0de\"","Kyratsis Y, Ahmad R, Holmes A (2012) Technology adoption and implementation in organisations - BMJ":"\"42a757f1350d52fc20ec24018c31e9a7\"","LEARNING at work":"\"d83f6f255edfacf08c85049e7b501156\"","LEARNING exercises from AMBIT training":"\"3aa5c3ea3ca3aadc3de9216546357870\"","LOCAL trainers FAQs":"\"0ca731bc628bca839ce09f78a1a5bac8\"","Lack of insight":"\"86478bb91ec92d6a4b1ed1fb5a44d8ea\"","Laura Talbot":"\"1f6d4a9d15071f0b442979b7cdb13b7d\"","Lave and Wenger (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation":"\"891ddc76e3449639d5ea7ff9acc7cd91\"","Lead Training Testimonials":"\"70d3916558076edc88fce9eb113baf11\"","Learning Difficulties and Substance use":"\"5e111001fc869f5318c46f209e0e6ae5\"","Learning about AMBIT":"\"1590d26c5b05f19b9d37cac7f1055c3c\"","Learning about Active Planning":"\"13ddee0f32099a424fa5cdf77022336e\"","Learning about Addressing Dis-integration":"\"480b6aaaeecadc03246087627ff7a8cd\"","Learning about Manualization":"\"f1daa4ef160d5e05afe1d5404c4ed07f\"","Learning about Supervisory Structures":"\"ebe0a8ddc62053cef4ef7b57e7dc8f65\"","Learning about Team Learning - a discussion exercise":"\"fd67dae119480fa7d812cb44e29e5999\"","Learning about mentalizing":"\"cfa6d4e462d22396ba84f980fbf8dcca\"","Learning organisation - is the concept useful in AMBIT? - Peter Fuggle":"\"b1d4e071bbf8715998ae9143b56add9b\"","LearningContents":"\"509d45ac3f60b30927def0b22efdeefe\"","Lecture and discussion on Evidence":"\"7f03e182e9ca3888471d59e725f96089\"","Level of intensity":"\"39bccfec041375c156776458c8ebd3e6\"","Licensed":"\"81062e8e78a4b9b6dbed18224cd96518\"","Life practice":"\"37d362d00557740e21cd8b8a86e6d1d2\"","Line-ups - exploring individual differences":"\"0bbbf539e8ad2591953b90284e50a70e\"","Links and Shortcuts to making them":"\"a632391051fea5b5c38d66004d091aed\"","LivingSkills":"\"983b6ace85c58bc26e2dd6bbb40c488f\"","Liz Cracknell":"\"0629626a3e84f19d23150ca1e12d121e\"","Liz's buttons test":"\"e2cf5691693e138c4df9d6ded1f88a3c\"","Lizpicture.jpg":"\"a6f19cda48bcfe2fe13de77e0ddc1c50\"","Local Manualization Homework Tasks":"\"10a2aaaef0d72343f2f6ee9221792a90\"","Local Protocols":"\"e812b32f23e37c944a68e197195d6317\"","Local Session 01: What is AMBIT?":"\"ada75e5ffb58baf513f42e90badd24c3\"","Local Session 02: What is AMBIT training for?":"\"5090ab4d2b93f19a68b5c6b554f482e2\"","Local Session 03: Mentalization":"\"d79b405b0b97163189eaad30083ef55f\"","Local Session 04: Working with your Team":"\"1b8367526d5e3e8bbadd495148d32556\"","Local Session 05: Working with your Networks":"\"64801317ba08420af3690597500da46c\"","Local Session 06: Working with your Client pt. 1 (Mentalizing stance)":"\"c13ef1ebd71faa8763a7d08db906ba4b\"","Local Session 07: Working with your Client pt.2 (Hard to reach)":"\"abae9e56e9f8eaca501d4e598d5d6eea\"","Local Session 08: Review (1) and Auditing Team Practices":"\"e4d3cbce0bd6fa4e4a201a0159e2ceba\"","Local Session 09: Working with your Client pt.3 (Outcomes)":"\"eac35c75f8e189d3a4fc286f99b6593b\"","Local Session 10: Review (2) and Top-up plans":"\"5c92ecf5b41ebe6c22b5002e43c3a875\"","Local Session 11: Making a real difference - Implementation Science":"\"9a245a26532d2f79f6832d4c34e5185d\"","Local TTT Session 8.0":"\"84a9946182edcbc69bca2ed5b5a22f44\"","Local TTT Session 8.1":"\"36eaa290240229c383c60e0327234e9e\"","Local TTT Session 8.2":"\"56ef49ccbb1ed91177224999bd01ac6e\"","Local TTT Videos":"\"7fa9c56c6443bfeacfaa1c88ef125be8\"","Local Training sessions (TTT): some core ideas and structure":"\"f3f7ea74a58f2af3537594da50eb0208\"","Logic Models":"\"00c9c47efa87f0c923baa240b3e42a17\"","Logic model for AMBIT services":"\"a88ad7d4200218a2d07fedb0d24b8e6c\"","Logic model for AMBIT training":"\"7f6b21928856a87363571fe30fa04d64\"","Logic model.JPG":"\"7acd20f48c2681e2178401a2183ffbf4\"","Logic models training exercise":"\"87cd8ce274bc82d0a37dcb03cee8b27f\"","LoneClimber.jpg":"\"ecfa60bf71ec2061bd54a6cd442908a6\"","Long-tail of gradually diminishing contact":"\"8f5386ccd2925ddb20e1bce3a4133a89\"","M-BIO":"\"8a489026e3d3269c2dc168eb4f5e0f84\"","MAINTENANCE PHASE":"\"cfd7e6437abf28e8b2cff33cc42af4f2\"","MB-Principles":"\"9f9c2bc7cc77c41c62911c9f93107ff6\"","MBT":"\"445c629929b2209c0745f68a49225dae\"","MBT-A":"\"3ab02097ba24fdb0484aa1feb2422b21\"","MBT-F":"\"f605959eaad2910e3475fd7231f3baf5\"","MP3's are like thoughts":"\"09c6b8003120c84584c5351ca891704f\"","MPTW":"\"6dec8a646fd15b81678a102b8127025a\"","MS.JPG":"\"c32ab8e42bf44e71829d6887f22eae32\"","MainMenu":"\"a29845b91ca15aedcfc1ad1595aaad73\"","Maintaining Mind-mindedness":"\"5ca8ef631877df48f18e5f5bc1432214\"","Maintaining factors for problems":"\"a3575cd14cb20a9d057efb84a4344b43\"","Maintenance":"\"0ad75199aed9f12cfb72957373ceb77d\"","Maintenance and the Recovery Model":"\"f4db4d4bffb8caf559d1a244745cecf2\"","Make Permaview copy to clipboard (Jeremy - 4/10)":"\"6f85f148f67c3a54578a101cf3dd996d\"","Make hamburger icon all white (Jeremy 8/10)":"\"402bc9716a3d5abad06baccf61314151\"","Make or View Client Notes":"\"ef20e4a1d14c32bf198ace161807dd79\"","Make or View Take Home Messages for other team members":"\"e0fc6c7e3396c8d36d741c97c89d9dce\"","Make or View notes on RISK ASSESSMENT":"\"cad29401ae5a8543e96c14d86221aa97\"","Make or View notes on a Session, other Contact or Medication":"\"38e5dde43fb38ed4f6533b92e77e43e9\"","Making Manuals easier to use (Unconference 2016)":"\"03b96f9aaf6fd8f2f4418d70f87058bd\"","Making a Cup of Tea":"\"c83fe2fd25418d853ce01205c026d077\"","Making it pretty on the page":"\"352b9ffffb7571c5d73c9f5d302cf5a4\"","Making plans for change":"\"d3d6e00c892d4bb3f784e2354626171b\"","MalalaQuote":"\"b495148c04975928c23d1904d03c18e5\"","Manage CLIENT RELATIONSHIP":"\"505afcd9d6d0515929a6f0783a91d15a\"","Manage CLINICAL PROBLEM":"\"75a4154e907c44b183b644fb88af785d\"","Manage Parental Mental Illness":"\"85d7aecf4c20fc3562527c76e7135ec7\"","Manage Violence":"\"4baa029032a7a018df71bf2632b7df9c\"","Manage an Out of Control child":"\"0ce9595707ee3617188e468aaffe772a\"","Managing Differences (Egg and Triangle)":"\"37733dec30823ecd3392cbef5cceaba6\"","Managing NETWORK PROBLEMS":"\"be7a874671263bd6a20cbe6244f39279\"","Managing Risk":"\"3f085cd515f113dd04e826fcc9655158\"","Managing a case from referral to discharge":"\"0ad90812a33a8570d022378fc1879ae6\"","Mania":"\"f8856dea48f7d3330972b172a2be6050\"","Manual Preparation for AMBIT Training":"\"eb41dd43ca217188a3ee12b538f3518d\"","Manual Treasure Hunt Quiz":"\"72252598341db81db10a93ff48ef1b26\"","Manualised framework":"\"33ed357d7fe67e578de5e53e93f3fc1b\"","Manualization":"\"e3526d20c088fc77bd271bcd55058124\"","Manualization Boundaries":"\"ed6a0df0d4ccf10490f9d3bca5aec1d0\"","Manualizing Workshop":"\"a1b78bebec1b69bdb98ed315e20f3dd1\"","Manualizing a live issue - Garry Richardson and Heather Tovey":"\"f337e2401bf5b8de867393c5ae038370\"","Manualizing exercise":"\"e5eda499a2f4caa6d10afbec13f2a7cc\"","MapFrontDoor":"\"6796ad8f2eed14c91e6b14eb894025f0\"","MapFrontDoor-v3":"\"48c704357f5dc746047e7e3ea02516c5\"","MapMaker":"\"7dcfbafe437d71e7c25806f0e26dd852\"","MapWheel":"\"75c87199595bcad3539192463b799439\"","MapWheel_2014":"\"5c76f71734fc1a6420de95b6ee21f67d\"","Mapping cultural and language resources":"\"c8b05b1e2dce96d76cf86a4367af715b\"","Mapping social-ecological needs and goals":"\"78a9661c2f0439dd8ddfc513ebef2605\"","Mapping social-ecological resources":"\"af96f65462f928273015fcaf3d04a293\"","MarkLocalEdits.jpg":"\"68aa26e6187106b08f2f3afa9673c411\"","Marked mirroring":"\"4df70a1aeb04a22903eea00a2a496745\"","Marking the Task":"\"37e13de2fe6d2d57146bbb898f3ca84d\"","MarkupPostHead":"\"1c29537fbb6a635876458923a2fb6f74\"","MarkupPreHead":"\"932e08545d48e9cccf406ea7f36a823e\"","MaryTarget":"\"887646b8067eba0a2f7407123d58da6e\"","Mason, B (1993) Towards positions of Safe Uncertainty":"\"27d35094663a2d36f17fea5f68403307\"","Measures used by AMBIT Teams":"\"7173de8612d0df5d644af5d0c7dee206\"","Measuring outcomes":"\"f0d135d618d12a65613964d9a5528a63\"","Measuring progress against objectives":"\"75963e5da374b993edb5df06d2e6bfdb\"","MedicalEmergencies":"\"384e23f97e05c167ff24aa1c9c842e6e\"","Ment_Table_Stance_pic":"\"d78db04deaa6f73b4158fc89e31be4b4\"","Mental Health Assessment - Emergency Duty Team":"\"451865de928d8f8863bdfc99945c0ada\"","Mentalization":"\"06190272e8c5b91fd88c75fe6dbb3df5\"","Mentalization in AMBIT":"\"18a38e1ca808af69b301ff6d0fe34c11\"","Mentalization, the work of Daniel Kahneman and the value of doubt":"\"98f9e0599c420d79614baf618b6b3356\"","MentalizationBasedWork":"\"94cac37148f523381df5d52d106bf171\"","Mentalize":"\"98c5d45a80112cbc4cd01885f1295b44\"","Mentalize that!":"\"7cf03028f238d1fbfa038e20239e4946\"","Mentalize the Moment":"\"1b782bf73abd5b5c6c373594a272175e\"","Mentalize us, your trainers...":"\"9f140a911d0d6cc2b5a1dcd31887325e\"","Mentalizing":"\"6f0cb0b5d8dbb10918b4e7303ae246ea\"","Mentalizing Loop":"\"a9361f6236af50d3ce86032a160af794\"","Mentalizing Quotes":"\"85d156e39985e3125d2f8652849fd8ec\"","Mentalizing Stance in Family Work":"\"5b1827586a2b81aa133d40e788eac29b\"","Mentalizing levels":"\"cdd842516d4ad8deb9cc5efe6d0860b8\"","Mentalizing manoeuvres":"\"66c2203d96d2460c85bee0e4f8d10e73\"","Mentalizing service barriers":"\"6a153127a03689b504ba0c2402489575\"","Mentalizing stance- local":"\"5881cf2060c56f1a88b4e60fb98aa9b9\"","Mentalizing the Affect":"\"f7298f9a8bf595b5462f72beac8da0b6\"","Mentalizing your colleagues":"\"24ccfaffd2bca2d5144c23e38b5b351b\"","MentalizingLoop.jpg":"\"4aff984da5b5c316512fda98a7e29178\"","MentalizingWorkCourse":"\"f897da2331486bd0e85b8f9732796eaf\"","MetaTeam":"\"f1648166c7ade14eeaae965b370c2e25\"","MetaWiki":"\"967fd9eb8943fee4db27185a0b1a2332\"","Middle Phase of Mentalization based Work":"\"e1423cbfec0ba6731987812653a56ba9\"","Mind-Scanning":"\"e4973b52f371d6c204e32263392c13d0\"","Mini-PREACHY":"\"4a011b19a652e9e208e869a6e03ad937\"","Mirza and Mirza (2008) Adolescent Substance Use":"\"629e2d49442579d07ed78dbfa9c894f9\"","Misuse of Mentalization":"\"7fe1a1ff85d0bed8e02939fd7c81f0e0\"","Modified training plans":"\"62cf51f8770da9587f01e356a697c66b\"","Monitoring mental health":"\"9364c32467d87eb43159b0bb8b09d552\"","More Actions pic.jpg":"\"e40a88aa5254233dcb7db4b10dd35e00\"","Motivational Training exercises":"\"b59a6e78d902508be2e6209dbfff8710\"","Motivational Work":"\"c13c59d32f7f66425bb07e35bb7a3d06\"","Motivational Work - Checklists":"\"18a1750d38cd0df74bf47986bded73a9\"","MotivationalAdapting":"\"40bf464499de4e8502a911fbc3b49111\"","MotivationalDefinitions":"\"c531fcf18899bd4803ca85bad975610a\"","MotivationalTabs--1940090237":"\"6aa5a252e6620a78d165c9444ee22784\"","MotivationalWorkCore":"\"b47febf116e2984a629aa3977382a3c4\"","Multi-Disciplinary Team":"\"52539ea77dd3cbfc4b5cb0589756efcd\"","Multi-Domain Assessment":"\"7009af4bc71ff8c04b570345de080599\"","MultiFamilyPrinciples":"\"43bd604755c202d99aa62ce52ae25e19\"","MultiFamilyStructure":"\"de2a761496e07000e3ff65b0fc59e8be\"","MultiFamilyTechniques":"\"97d1b64c88402436efe79e424782a527\"","MultiFamilyWork":"\"61ae429338008d2753662541957874f2\"","MultiSystemicTherapy":"\"ba0e18cce16505e87e79beabc4e2c1b2\"","Multimodal":"\"7f2e0065179065b1d432837ac6922956\"","Multiple interacting aetiologies":"\"c0711c2f4ca2f816275ca6562b354485\"","Mz.PNG":"\"d2589c5a5519bba0a65b97c2dff21c01\"","NET-Aim-Q":"\"ddaf53896c0bb8198b5a477866294e36\"","NET-Stat-Q":"\"82112e23d4777e60d7ebf5fb9d53befa\"","NETWORK exercises from AMBIT training":"\"27ce0d1a2f50fd2d20514b5dd6661146\"","NICE - Depression":"\"26d393ad1a4eb77236d7a681eac7acb5\"","NICE - Sexual Health Guidelines for Youth":"\"7deaea0ac5ffad4821ac2d5f0f8a2efc\"","NICE ADHD Guidelines":"\"c572a9a5a7c9108456960e9ac0e84aac\"","NICE Bipolar guidelines":"\"9b92b90e4e4ea0428bff20a3009047ad\"","NICE Guidance on Parent training for conduct disorder":"\"4cabb7a47d914d929ffb51f4812748d9\"","NICE Guideline - Eating Disorders":"\"cc8722484f47279d94a96376d97de894\"","NICE Guideline - Schizophrenia (over 18yrs)":"\"f7a8914ec727d3b6b7beec1541c72549\"","NICE Guidelines":"\"a6ba2c8bb271928d65d2334eff5c2788\"","NICE Guidelines for PTSD":"\"ee60ba89aaf63c22efdccd21c7dc2ba2\"","NICE OCD guidelines":"\"2b7f63a8aab989d7aff6cb9f414c1bc7\"","NICE guidelines on Self Injury":"\"2ec83c388c012262039166e57ec761de\"","NTA - Assessing Young People for Substance Use":"\"d3011cdf6c682650c0a6ef585058e231\"","Narrative Continuity.jpg":"\"e2469247934eefa3b27bbcd51ec01fef\"","Narrative History":"\"8d8819460749c91618e7f289dc03e981\"","Navigating- how to use this manual":"\"85ae171b6058d0571a79d87fd987694a\"","Needs video":"\"19238df20ba1c6ebc87e047b9bab1b7f\"","NeilDawson":"\"78ca334300da05848885cf0ce3fbb186\"","Net-AIMQ":"\"258522356e67bdef4851991e5dca9433\"","NetworksContents":"\"5b025048c4ad14fbdf4a0f766513d8df\"","NeuroDevelopmental":"\"c40bfde9b12f906fc24edf600389436b\"","Neutrality towards ideas":"\"bdcb91ba7b88774e82fb0d0af77dc80c\"","New referrals":"\"73b672ede1cbed7c6aaec076147249f2\"","News from the AMBIT project at AFC":"\"7c571e8073e13c93cf92b18da54f31e9\"","Non MZ.JPG":"\"36ce022cbcfe6316c2490e8605dac6d9\"","Non mentalizing states - Local":"\"b37ed47143217f0849b2b720e5c9fed1\"","Non-contingent":"\"4e58193c28343ef9cd564116d6cd8691\"","Non-mentalizing Bingo!":"\"4218473ae8b6f6bf5dfc1bd3959ab643\"","Non-mentalizing, positioning and network problems":"\"a9b2864c844a9ca1394ea70be32efbea\"","NonSequentialProcess":"\"90539da42e4c3060827c8455c9a1079a\"","None of the above!":"\"a6e591bdf542637d27874cf33c8284d3\"","Normalising":"\"a1307b429a9a9d3264c8048c0e433f3a\"","Notes--1862298837":"\"4681240dca182ffca519041e9bfb986b\"","Notice and Name":"\"28d694ecaf5fc6775a9c74839bc05c05\"","OUR LOCAL Resources and Practice":"\"12e921fdc53922826268714dbbfa1831\"","OUR LOCAL Teamwork and Governance":"\"9e2cb79fdcaeb01e002398de62822146\"","OUR Team":"\"4892a08471b61d58e2fd22c3b191e904\"","OUTCOMES MEASURES - Checklists":"\"e0033e0a4926d3e5dd83f22895ec42c5\"","Obsessional compulsive disorder":"\"98086196d034114d27d0c6163034258b\"","Opacity of other minds.jpg":"\"837d19511c4335ab741f18718dc173d0\"","Open Questions":"\"5647ee14f56069f6800e4ec281d7714d\"","OpenSource":"\"c603706374fffd53acd9218266dbdb01\"","Ordinary conversation":"\"ec9c93798655addbab8bf0a42d433537\"","Ostensive communication":"\"be370f26e19b5c8c3365cdd70abc6989\"","Other Symptoms of Psychosis and Engagement":"\"85112a930b67c1321b9d20cdbe8f8a11\"","Our Resources":"\"b14eac6fb75d5601990eec0b4a8c1863\"","Our Team and AMBIT":"\"83c79232570bf3359dac43644869c88f\"","Our team and CLIENT work":"\"775c7502751083010c44fd86a38a5658\"","Our team and LEARNING":"\"970463bdd3687934da3b9b92dae7340f\"","Our team and NETWORKS":"\"cd86c40a002765c0e53d2a9697ce418a\"","Our team and TEAMWORKING":"\"29e28fce5796df877518b203e54db0ba\"","Our team' strengths in CLIENT work":"\"f60e96185da0412f1d7542d3fb89453a\"","Our team's challenges in CLIENT work":"\"2213c8b8b5072a2371485902130426ea\"","Our team's challenges in LEARNING":"\"9eaf92cd82085795bb06e63fd5e43303\"","Our team's challenges in NETWORKING":"\"822c268100193a0648735f777cc25da6\"","Our team's challenges in TEAMWORKING":"\"699fc55b06c66985f409dc2d66920df1\"","Our team's core expertise":"\"bf82231a650b5810238a26f4a76a4bd6\"","Our team's needs for effective CLIENT work":"\"6933e3cc19cb90b40ec35623865651f7\"","Our team's needs for effective LEARNING":"\"ee0fa4bb365f6c7206bd68499dcca9dc\"","Our team's needs for effective NETWORKING":"\"eeaadbcaf3bac1c6208e96a9f6387b3e\"","Our team's needs for effective TEAMWORKING":"\"118b20fb542d61736dd44631a9a22120\"","Our team's strengths in LEARNING":"\"b34f6f22e4767224d0d33c081c778d21\"","Our team's strengths in NETWORKING":"\"5abbc3c0e392d091f4a7cf147d26775a\"","Our team's strengths in TEAMWORKING":"\"e56191c46966b32711f543143139c9a3\"","Outcome measures (T1, initial)":"\"422666d45ae98ad73218b59fcdbe1457\"","Outcome measures (T2, 3 months)":"\"4d1b9f81b91de897beb9d63dda6d4aa8\"","Outcome measures (T3, treatment close)":"\"42b6c6f7419cb73c9c2dfe760e1d3d4f\"","Outcome measures (Unconference 2016)":"\"9574c61e42aff58dbebd5c82cf452a75\"","Outcomes":"\"96e0cb6c116d5cf6183f20a6f181baba\"","Outcomes measures":"\"91ade1289444fc2c6cddc37c894e5604\"","Overview: LEARNING at work":"\"9af2005fbc017d6cf971062f31b4e86e\"","Overview: Working with your CLIENT":"\"f43ffed22fc9ed13c66b916b54ba55fd\"","Overview: Working with your NETWORKS":"\"0d5c2ab233c80418e357c27142062b37\"","Overview: Working with your TEAM":"\"d8dfab622d454df0ee60c0f42018ff39\"","POD":"\"9d5407bd2b5fd7d522749c344243edec\"","POD - a web based outcome measurement system":"\"fcd1ee1e68e81060afebe3e59362907e\"","PREACHY":"\"1a2ca33b95e06ceb947e4bd9c12d483c\"","PREP day: Overview":"\"f3341ca4f1c891f21e55abd0b23c9291\"","PREP day: meeting the whole team":"\"4606b2fdb6a81d5f6574d424f88fb5f7\"","PREP day: meeting with senior management and commissioners":"\"c7f96faf4d6439186aa9f3aa3abde214\"","PREP day: meeting with team managers and senior staff":"\"5b82768d8344c90bfc240434149863ef\"","PREP sessions/exercises":"\"ab2111c0e10108652d9f8b6b5a240f6e\"","PREP: Questionnaire feedback for senior management and commissioners":"\"54b2d91456c09616d2c1fc20fb92cea4\"","PREP: Setting objectives exercise":"\"2204cc1a8898599d598d518152980d99\"","Panic Attacks":"\"d1e92df610bbb357ae9f2f079e8d80c6\"","Paranoid":"\"ebacaf4e4e0a14d78fe9308eb4148b1a\"","Passed-outwards Discussion":"\"cb970cd1992ef4297125e2fbd7b7db08\"","PastMedicalHistory":"\"5b0e1f8e39cf758b7caf86d76579ebc7\"","PastPsychHistory":"\"b9ae36702d52a36a3564b2872857dea1\"","Patient-Worker Boundaries":"\"0b32f36c7f64332b31fe360aa032e3ae\"","Pause and Review":"\"d6cf0f1af7e0798ee1af3cd742c3f9bc\"","Perception of ones OWN MENTAL FUNCTIONING":"\"d2d14115182f0f24e54d7e92e75daa7e\"","Performance Improvements (Jeremy - 8/10)":"\"4939f1218a989ae597ce0fac3f846676\"","Permission to practice - team learning":"\"264a6be87cf13bf447c4548d6ccbf8b4\"","Person Specifications for an AMBIT Keyworker":"\"9b571d47e0c19a827bbbaa4c712b8ec0\"","Personal safety":"\"73587f568b999525082330e97ed86784\"","Perspective-taking.jpg":"\"2757609ffc51ebfbb5e5d99a3a161253\"","Peter Fuggle":"\"31f6fde8aeafd2ad9b091733893ddab6\"","PeterFonagy":"\"20b3878d173e2b10d6ffbdfa169a393d\"","Pharmacological":"\"aec33b118fbb7f8d096bf977dc919580\"","Phases of AMBIT work":"\"2ba72410e901950aa15aef8ce4847154\"","Physical Health matters":"\"4faff8dc6af0b13b44b3ca97b5ccc928\"","Pic_WellConnected":"\"446c39e489664ff09977f4002c04a4b7\"","Picture Uploader":"\"0921333ffea777c1c17115cabc184bad\"","Picture1-navig.png":"\"ba18d57c52483a4ec04a52999582a8f4\"","Picture2.png":"\"60ff8eb831cc7fd9bea5e88b05063c70\"","Planning a training event in your team":"\"e4f9a60865c419a4ac8cd6870d7ba354\"","Planning a training event in your team - Local":"\"2c5ba2f930e9334ee160490b6fe7e6f2\"","Police":"\"651545d0a45deb290720592f78d9e54c\"","Positioning Theory":"\"3f35267b974a5bfde6476080b038e9ef\"","Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)":"\"64670929cd34dea6c66a2181cb98a9fb\"","Post Traumatic Stress":"\"242e66f3abe2ca9e0632d8a7db0ff130\"","Post-Prep passed-outwards discussion":"\"b11eca3bb628290f6038d2a97b467c76\"","Post-training outcome goals":"\"4e2e36adccabda029e49330aa643f731\"","Practical examples of sustaining the AMBIT approach - Jones, Jones and Schofield":"\"2ebc23a47888b39e529d0d0f759737c3\"","Practice":"\"c88b08d7943f414023787ffa8bf1fd56\"","Practice audits, Fidelity measures, etc":"\"c5fc3879afa97bc93b52150a88f99aac\"","Practices: LEARNING at work":"\"068a7e41aec143351ea873af9fecf29e\"","Practices: Working with your CLIENT":"\"dab6aa1fb329bba54301ba24b0c8bcec\"","Practices: Working with your NETWORKS":"\"8473186ab51ba8eab5e2258ccfcb8893\"","Practices: Working with your TEAM":"\"e50c479f22a4d05476618497992da83f\"","Pre-contemplation":"\"400ade6738af77238ff0a65e77a58f56\"","Pre-mentalistic stances":"\"07089b4ce50b59aa6e028ba29e70694d\"","Pre-training team audit":"\"39e74d73f2ec40f2261b6b8fe96e859e\"","Pregnancy and Substance use":"\"fee6dddeb0a9d0a48e18b09c187d7c93\"","Prep Day Team Report":"\"467446c29672fcc82bb45ac83a32dc98\"","Preparing and sharing meals":"\"0e6248eff69448c604f734116f00fb3a\"","Preparing for a training":"\"b95857b6dd6de9c29fc49b83d6232382\"","PrescribedMedication":"\"f7f0b1d6e78816df4b71bab75439a9ca\"","PresentingProblems":"\"6868bb5d76facfb0d279be6dbf98cc90\"","Pretend mode":"\"497d3ac84bb6ad3f802edfaf3390a8f5\"","Principles of AMBIT manual reorganisation":"\"b75d00fe4037f505a90238f21c6be46f\"","Print ClientNotes":"\"ca7d1f23dcb17dc88b512c0e97b9d392\"","PrintHistory":"\"0c26ec3df4db8132f77e51dedb92dc8a\"","Pro-gram picture":"\"932e678184334eb780ab4b6d7028d17f\"","Problem solving":"\"bdb15b681ebfcf1cb9f2503155c9cd02\"","Problem-solving checklist":"\"d323e4168120b98cba6c96939b23ed32\"","Problems in teams":"\"3cd76ae5914e61a103561389fff87125\"","Processing a New Referral":"\"cab8f5f302eb203d1b2c9e9167f17d78\"","ProfessionalNetworkMembers":"\"8d6a1d5d6782aa86ff55b7f1944c2c2d\"","Progressive Muscle Relaxation":"\"913f170f960b7fc82210536d4b4d60a7\"","Pros and Cons (Decisional Balance) exercise":"\"b8eb78a162e55dec916bf6ccadc34daf\"","Pseudomentalization difficulties":"\"a82983b877154372f203326865a8cc34\"","Psychiatrist":"\"d0f50cafa2cd7597fbc7acda98fa8ee0\"","Psychic equivalence":"\"bacba92750a3d9434cf24487245c6e01\"","PsychoEducation":"\"e13c22c36c4fac414d144391ac964620\"","Psychodynamic":"\"281bcd9932aca921d9677db06407cda6\"","Psychodynamic theory":"\"51269b4150ac49e1737a7897c95d1b1f\"","Psychosis":"\"022904f5e2e5eadd365a356a5d09a8de\"","QuickWins":"\"f9dfbbce7c8e65aa51ba3f3ef7a06807\"","RFQ-YV (Reflective Functioning Questionnaire-Youth Version)":"\"8b5d23150bcbec86af454080e0689ff1\"","RabiaMalik":"\"f17e7e1a7afa7da0e2afe87990fe2d3f\"","Rating Scales":"\"1489e6da699410806c4308a885b48153\"","RatingDefinitions":"\"233c0a9adb060ed321b653f8b3efc689\"","Re-breathing":"\"de7acd710923f01ca96edd5e376f66f1\"","Recent Reflections on Facilitating the Sculpt":"\"487d373ae016948fc4a52c9c013b1cf7\"","Reciprocity":"\"c00bbc79d280c72913a071b17025c3c7\"","RedZone":"\"99e66738f7efeb34ee6250be55419f84\"","Referral Criteria":"\"87001816d5f1be8be591a3f821014540\"","Reflecting comments":"\"6bc579de6d8a533e2664857984bf09ff\"","Reflections on Learning at Work":"\"5ca6cbf2090d6cc9f82a8879d4fb5cd4\"","Reflections on the TTT Training 2016":"\"3487f6031b1577f5f61812506151ed45\"","Reflective Quorum":"\"6e0498b73b538db96ad5b7307a1fd9cd\"","Reframing":"\"d35a4d0789a472bfc939a871ceaab029\"","Reinforcement":"\"da40eb00e799001b395ae8aef2f3f2c0\"","Relapse":"\"481a35f6d7b0d6fcd13d462cd56826bd\"","Relapse prevention":"\"32392f4cc349814a59e0d1414ff4fc9e\"","RelatToHelpDiagram":"\"24c6954d121692a4af8b43438c1c5099\"","Relationship to help":"\"25ffc38cc8f859083f538ac7d182e80f\"","Report writing and Professional Communication":"\"fcbbd016a183ab5839c2be7c2532776f\"","Respect for Evidence":"\"7dea7f336c9a31ff26108b993a566c2a\"","Respect local practice and expertise":"\"c8349698a1dfb39aa9a662d6bd4092c1\"","RespectLocalPracticeImage":"\"c88856372f1a23a9567516addd63d59e\"","Restoring family capacity":"\"746debf18a46e0c1016797dd01c6541a\"","Return to Purpose":"\"4af600ab2f7e2680956c78e7792b458d\"","Reviewing change":"\"ca1dd68f5c4026d0c78d74d6b06e5a7a\"","Rich internal life - pic":"\"b53e611387ece156886a979945635df6\"","Ripples in a Pond":"\"ba4b9efc06fb32a1ed6858710f5eabcf\"","Ripples_picture":"\"c601c3b8e41d3ec7592240ca2af7de14\"","Risk Assessment - paper form":"\"3b8e8f4b2f3a0b96bcdd8ab8bcc3962e\"","RiskAssessment":"\"5a378b07a978835091e15fe431ec0c05\"","RiskAssessmentTab":"\"29712bd0d12c1690140c9b3c6231238f\"","Rituals and Disciplines":"\"3455e776bd486bbce74a71310249ad8d\"","Role of the Chair":"\"f83d8a1d1f95489b0c1b7d50e3ba1fa6\"","Role of the Team Learning Support Worker":"\"897c7550bb3611422728381d0c6ce0dd\"","Roles and Responsibilities in an AMBIT team":"\"297eb12a5983454d9e66ab16585a2bc4\"","Roles in the AMBIT Community of Practice":"\"cfd56b8f4ad8eab8668f67b95a7eb84f\"","Roll with Resistance":"\"a2b733cca625ac142926169c3a6ece9d\"","Rossouw, Fonagy (2012) Mentalization-based treatment for self-harm in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial":"\"f8da4ec6cc4d3efee3d75635e016c1a9\"","Royal College of Psychiatrists - Standards for Crisis/Outreach services":"\"acee31cdf4db7feee33e6ec10c7e6884\"","Rx":"\"a1807de06e704ab33a230d6123c7b1f1\"","SD":"\"bb977d6d23b2ee4d988908e68e2a2d37\"","SDQ":"\"6bbce846e08371cb3b8a3170f500cedf\"","SELF REPRESENTATION":"\"09cfbad9afa6a9b2e13af5109dc2c93b\"","SMART goals":"\"88ae4119b8d91b373e7489054f6fe5b7\"","SPECIFIC INTERVENTIONS - CheckLists":"\"7271bada4a554c2c5e0f8a9749748d0c\"","STIs":"\"f8988ce30c8b144ee261ad63d1b558ef\"","SUD":"\"f7ea67694f71e0c958e9ac15f028c745\"","SUD-Rx":"\"23926e0b26c66a759d4de09ca361efa1\"","SUD-Rx - Who should be present at sessions?":"\"8fdaf3019250d8af0313a768f0a784bb\"","SUD-Rx Session 1 - 2":"\"8e90994867e5dd081454eab119fed121\"","SUD-Rx Session 3":"\"8fcc014f4a09a00d2d1b08b4cc4ecafd\"","SUD-Rx Session 4":"\"42bde80bcebd785457d72b72a894e170\"","SUD-Rx Session 5":"\"1b20d51d7c364e9564234cb57a471ab8\"","SUD-Rx Session 6 - FINAL":"\"b4425d5ae1bd0baf8782f50045d22de1\"","SUD-Rx Sessions - CheckLists":"\"a51632cb798c0ee1c3c3625801371ede\"","SUD-Rx Techniques":"\"147d29ac268ebb365eb60f8a266e5a16\"","SUD-Rx principles":"\"18076747502cf2f1fc1e6818a56a221a\"","SUSTAIN best practice":"\"d604ed843b46875ad1b3e8b988405fde\"","SUSTAINING best practice - CheckLists":"\"85be3418313672b0d3cd669b4f9e42fa\"","Safeguarding Children and Young People from Sexual Exploitation":"\"de5b4f9400792d3dd917e1c9f6d69592\"","Safety and sex for youth":"\"5dcba5b40628c1d94b05c8db67a94576\"","Sample supervision notes":"\"6d87e4bf089b1e54e0cd3ea4afc7be8f\"","Save tick.jpg":"\"601ae3c5b560fe6e02fd28d7076d3722\"","Scaffolding existing relationships":"\"509dab9932b089a7436337adc51ad2ce\"","Scaffolding existing relationships: developing a tool":"\"69cc6408fb37bca325ca11c897aeaf85\"","Score 15 - Family functioning":"\"9daa864a545f0eae10a1f7c7ce36ffc9\"","Screening Tool for Sexual Exploitation by Brook":"\"85b8073c11c8c687ac6bff1e5fc83b6d\"","Screening for biological illness":"\"76e83b98821facb5c5a8c1f69cc6c8f8\"","Screenshot_20180323-002957-01.jpeg":"\"b7c18971e143b5930cb1c0042c9bb9ec\"","Sculpting a network":"\"74f2d571c27df7826b29fa17b249512d\"","Secure Base":"\"7724d572ce6a5b06b7d6fa72d78156a1\"","Security and authorization":"\"a57ff3a3b3d89cd3ccd6299d3b626213\"","Seddon, J. (2008) Systems Thinking in the Public Sector":"\"b0f57d501f9c9ed6d8fa8765fbb4c92b\"","Self Injurious Behaviour":"\"51b5a20df53b21d424a29da56f87b8f4\"","Self-directed learning":"\"6764121edb97f81c73967d45e87fa583\"","Self-efficacy":"\"41ff467d0cb0164705972d1da430c178\"","Self-rated Wellbeing Scale":"\"7e7c675c4aabad9a7196084614d9b65d\"","Sending an envoy - exercise":"\"5c22886fbf059c4dcaca8848f3d84656\"","Senge (2006, 2nd edition) The Fifth Discipline: the Art and Practice of the Learning Organisation. Random House Business Books":"\"a144411c8d6e27d30e693dfbd1b1e41c\"","Senge, P. (2006, 2nd Edition) The Fifth Discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization, Random House.":"\"344afc340df85bb7e555bf9298c12383\"","Senge: Discipline 1 - Systems Thinking":"\"753f4d650e3efa26a9812f3901673eed\"","Senge: Discipline 2 - Personal Mastery":"\"0511d87f39ef81a0482b3be0c8bf714b\"","Senge: Discipline 3 - Mental Models":"\"5e07f5d4c62fa12d8f89a7209010a5d8\"","Senge: Discipline 4 - Shared Vision":"\"3b3755e9e4f9de49a78dbbd8aff17eab\"","Senge: Discipline 5 - Team Learning":"\"a06ece6fca2d7b2a83c3c703459879c2\"","Senge: eight strategies to develop a learning organisation":"\"fefa12c661b78b525183ea2b8373854f\"","Senge: the characteristics of 'Learning Disabled' Organisations":"\"5a7d748a0ad83af6eb191c6322ac1cfb\"","Sensitive attunement":"\"4d5ed3abeb9ac5beee15192d70c736f3\"","Separation":"\"02ce4fae8aa92143a6d149c8fe2b5d91\"","Service Delivery":"\"b57cb300d79fd0c424321fcf477abae8\"","Service User Feedback":"\"7ba31741aae418ef0fc62fd765798367\"","ServiceDevelopment":"\"b8c081764b3dd03b4a165091921dfb89\"","Session 9 page 1 2":"\"8dfbc3e7b9096b7db5cb3a0e3b16ab9f\"","Session Plan for three hour training session on Mentalization":"\"21031c35d3b68ba4acc34887d43078b7\"","Session Rating Scale":"\"a4df71f4cfbba74d83bd97566654a4c9\"","SessionPlans":"\"2ba3ed145bef6e191f0ebb643b9a1c9c\"","Setting up Mentalization based work":"\"476946a515a2d61efb55fb132dfb1793\"","Setting up a first meeting":"\"843062b95d53219ca6d3340640df4a39\"","Significant harm":"\"35617892ec1ba2525ac8c8be91a6db92\"","Signs of Safety":"\"9b6870d20d93b0797906f4de535daf6f\"","Signs of Safety Child Protection Practice Framework (2011)":"\"42fb6e7436fec7789c8fbc5cdb58d2a6\"","Simmering Down":"\"a6bec3d0931af1aa2ef6ffc2c356b055\"","Siri (2012) Mentalization-based therapy for adolescents":"\"9dad94ec4321aa97277bce50fd7fee9f\"","SiteIcon":"\"80f27dc3a8229cc14bb7696f6fbd4541\"","SiteInfo":"\"a8c7f0ff31ad337344e00c1dc1d0d4e7\"","SiteSubtitle":"\"f08ee64a44ea836a876393d2a7456131\"","SiteTitle":"\"3bdf831d925ce672cdbb97c1105c9d56\"","Sleep problems and what to do":"\"9829cf5b177cfcefb7afb90c310d9378\"","Slow engagement":"\"1d274bb9cd119f9837a433b3b696c164\"","Social Capital":"\"430499b30787e9ef996c4a31375e8750\"","Social-Ecological Work":"\"9e64fac25c9896e25e23ea829432001f\"","SocialCognitiveTheory":"\"e3170314ef03842e5c5c3c0009a11ceb\"","SocialEcologicalTabs--37999203":"\"c3071abe7326c6bf8056a80e9449571f\"","SocialEcology":"\"a5c9e5a9562ed914aa33daf73d5945ed\"","SocialEcologyPicture":"\"53018ac6971674d88564604bf3376d0f\"","Sort Cards":"\"f424223e4e7bdf3c73dd0041db4c75a1\"","Special Skills Training Days":"\"f91c279dd72e4865f6d1b122e0e964cc\"","Special circumstances in substance use treatment":"\"0b77e599769f2db45434a9d75a3b298b\"","Specific diagnoses and their corresponding mentalizing failures":"\"c930772ff16e66da6427343296e7afa1\"","Specific interventions":"\"8786b2b8421adf548376abe27de8a286\"","Sponsors":"\"d440b43960d14dae24a9ed976603a234\"","Stages of Change":"\"e6bd2debd6201688e8790f3f4d5d3618\"","Stages of Change - floor exercise":"\"c199ab826ff0259282e54c21a3ef2259\"","Stages of Change and Mz pic":"\"0a9e5f1ba9ab418393d6d52304ddf0f2\"","StagesPicture":"\"0d8b497507ebc5de93b06c9b8f8adda7\"","Stance Features: LEARNING at work":"\"5f95275424b24ccef282c48cd53dab20\"","Stance Features: Working with your CLIENT":"\"0290a55cc461367d967f1440fc9a9616\"","Stance Features: Working with your NETWORKS":"\"3c5fc66b4c6e5eedb504ee1f56e51ed1\"","Stance Features: Working with your TEAM":"\"205088273bb07642186e2f1acce90292\"","Stance-Domains.JPG":"\"c46289fdb2d0fc1d083d23b50c40b044\"","Stance-RespectEvidence.JPG":"\"8237be0ac99cbc5bee153da28e434679\"","Stance-Scaffolding.JPG":"\"add86fb3a41a1932839084d897ce723b\"","Standards and Core Curricula":"\"25a55c7fc4dccc56a4e23ba94dd0b647\"","Starting a NEW CASE - CheckLists":"\"40137e1c2f457413c717d81bb2338958\"","Starting a TEAM wiki manual - CheckLists":"\"e4458048e9f1e3e29f881b9723a35798\"","Starting an AMBIT service":"\"1f3b948a54deab77f21931ebf16a71f9\"","Stating the Case":"\"5af0d7025f125d6588220e4c9b9fe01b\"","StatusUpdate.jpg":"\"1e74b82f1deaca41d6bcf0b53d794c32\"","Stethoscope Games":"\"1bdb2afefc27b827a5dc22b31f8e49fc\"","Stigma":"\"c8c3c822f9b5b9bc5e5f5b5cedf2ffd2\"","Stigma and Engagement":"\"7c327a1b2942b0d94b4b202326ceb44c\"","Straussner and Fewell (2011) Children of Substance-Abusing Parents: Dynamics and Treatment":"\"4b9568c51a2524413f7c8d54b422bc58\"","Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)":"\"9a358ff0b9e779d12b7b042e8dc5ef1e\"","Strengths in RELATIONSHIPS":"\"de8dd23c742a70512d2fe738de7cb7bd\"","StrengthsResiliencies":"\"522031f5d29b327d5b9d9a09f395f620\"","SubsistenceSupport":"\"fff87985ff02309a8b3ff22971b5db80\"","Substance Use History":"\"fe9c11df90621fe023ff465eab75135c\"","Substance use":"\"213fba2c2fcd57f890ffd8956522c462\"","Substance use disorder - treatment":"\"b89d3b5e69a63b3e8c1344855d41b13a\"","SubstanceUseDisorder":"\"cd0e1039e663770a5d190bd837bd36f8\"","Suggested Team Training Sessions":"\"6b0a463d0d8c39d4f7f12a8a2d409825\"","Suggested structure for an (internal) AMBIT Supervision session":"\"df7b85099bfaa08504203d82ef15b870\"","Suicide Attempt":"\"9c0163f0773624822bc1b1024bbdbb07\"","Suicide Warnings":"\"7e5dcccc60730412df81384870a13db5\"","Summarising":"\"3b19af235a827a606f3f1ca788c99a0c\"","Supervision Notes":"\"060919ed03d6d76abc93d2c9e38a2544\"","SupervisoryStructures":"\"3b31faf00a92d2435011de2a5fa6440b\"","Support for the AMBIT Community of Practice":"\"0b142e554e7262ee58b01039772672cb\"","Sustaining AMBIT practice after training: lessons from a group of front line teams":"\"203a6a0c052ca81d4a13676d3611ba59\"","Sustaining an AMBIT approach in an acute adolescent in-patient setting - Whittick, Morrell, Fairbairn, Thulbourn and Millard":"\"afc64224d5578d2a52152bff3ee041df\"","Sutcliffe et al, 2004 - Communication failures: an insidious contributor to medical mishaps":"\"4a6e883647446f5b88cb079645dac2f1\"","Syed, 2016 Black Box Thinking":"\"aefb6fb6515ac395ae44d0c4fe354c7a\"","SystemsTheory":"\"d4a7b53c423a7bd28f62d3c2cad860c0\"","TEAM exercises from AMBIT training":"\"aeefd54152a3eeac0649290901537c84\"","TOP - Drug and Alcohol Outcomes":"\"fc5e60ba31c2ebb5e54b9ae05191306c\"","TS Eliot - \"East Coker\" from the \"Four Quartets\"":"\"1cd3fc7e4204ba6ca9343b53dab8db73\"","TTT - Day 1":"\"35f0c30b925046b266241fda153018fe\"","TTT - Day 2":"\"13cb3c11783dc215a608060b3d9468e2\"","TTT - Day 3":"\"6a5f7d710f8f19297552fd3562dd5a15\"","TTT - Day 4":"\"034ee0c2fa57d16d36b8665cf14f296d\"","TTT - Day 5":"\"9b0570f4bbc4024501c39ccc529e2f52\"","TTT May 2018 reflections on what we could use from Day 3":"\"9ccd4a1ccb2db88b6b17726aa52d3c2e\"","TTT May 2018: Reflections on how to use network learning in our teams":"\"e90ce3311871a50eab080e8dfc5f397b\"","TTT Session 2.0":"\"8adeb6dc2c7090958ae289a63e636635\"","TTT Session 2.1":"\"637d4b786de8cba8172644c2302d7c0c\"","TTT Session 2.2":"\"a4be34adf7dcd222e7a5a1c94848cafc\"","TTT Session 2.3":"\"efac5f917fb4993bc7d930e4e09a2219\"","TTT Session 2.4":"\"ffcb7174a2ff200c45df32cfa7d62a6b\"","TTT-One Year Review and Consultation Meeting":"\"dc510e8fd846543f9ccbee3681dbf1d1\"","TTT-Post Training Assessment":"\"c157037e3850ab666f8669bf753f204a\"","TV phone-in or Documentary games":"\"fb6b53f143646327697d5da7b8f0502c\"","TWHelp-SearchResults":"\"2e5e2eede3c4e317ae887f0cc53ff4fc\"","TabAllTags":"\"72e14cbdfafdf2b4baa40822287254f6\"","TabMore":"\"b633efd1f1e69dc6832a0d8bee584e60\"","TabTags":"\"6c13f37180ac1b6bdb6941187b8e95be\"","TakeHomeMessages":"\"50c1c5f34ed639be7b506fdf3d3be4d9\"","Taking Aim":"\"b72aaaba5a60f1ec535a3b6951b105d4\"","Taking Responsibility for integration":"\"4fafa41ed41f3df27a2be82fd949b2d0\"","Taking a break":"\"9c7d29cc0590bce09aadc2ebbe3c68a8\"","Tasks & Problems to manage":"\"b18972d9c7e508852800f4ecbfc6882f\"","Tasks to improve manual":"\"e93f7822892b2ea160dd6f513fcde205\"","Team Meetings":"\"943e90b925a84a56bd422ab560fb7113\"","Team around the Worker":"\"75874b118746a57a9fe095826d0cad23\"","Team around the Worker - 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pre-background: #f5f5f5
pre-border: #cccccc
primary: <<colour afc-purple>>
sidebar-button-foreground: <<colour foreground>>
sidebar-controls-foreground-hover: #000000
sidebar-controls-foreground: #aaaaaa
sidebar-foreground-shadow: rgba(255,255,255, 0.8)
sidebar-foreground: #acacac
sidebar-muted-foreground-hover: #444444
sidebar-muted-foreground: #c0c0c0
sidebar-tab-background-selected: #f4f4f4
sidebar-tab-background: #e0e0e0
sidebar-tab-border-selected: <<colour tab-border-selected>>
sidebar-tab-border: <<colour tab-border>>
sidebar-tab-divider: #e4e4e4
sidebar-tab-foreground-selected:
sidebar-tab-foreground: <<colour tab-foreground>>
sidebar-tiddler-link-foreground-hover: #444444
sidebar-tiddler-link-foreground: #999999
site-title-foreground: <<colour tiddler-title-foreground>>
static-alert-foreground: #aaaaaa
tab-background-selected: #ffffff
tab-background: #d8d8d8
tab-border-selected: #d8d8d8
tab-border: #cccccc
tab-divider: #d8d8d8
tab-foreground-selected: <<colour tab-foreground>>
tab-foreground: #666666
table-border: #dddddd
table-footer-background: #a8a8a8
table-header-background: #f0f0f0
tag-background: #ec6
tag-foreground: #ffffff
tiddler-background: <<colour background>>
tiddler-border: <<colour background>>
tiddler-controls-foreground-hover: #888888
tiddler-controls-foreground-selected: #444444
tiddler-controls-foreground: #cccccc
tiddler-editor-background: #f8f8f8
tiddler-editor-border-image: #ffffff
tiddler-editor-border: #cccccc
tiddler-editor-fields-even: #e0e8e0
tiddler-editor-fields-odd: #f0f4f0
tiddler-info-background: #f8f8f8
tiddler-info-border: #dddddd
tiddler-info-tab-background: #f8f8f8
tiddler-link-background: <<colour background>>
tiddler-link-foreground: <<colour primary>>
tiddler-subtitle-foreground: #c0c0c0
tiddler-title-foreground: #182955
toolbar-new-button:
toolbar-options-button:
toolbar-save-button:
toolbar-info-button:
toolbar-edit-button:
toolbar-close-button:
toolbar-delete-button:
toolbar-cancel-button:
toolbar-done-button:
untagged-background: #999999
very-muted-foreground: #888888

\define timeline-title()
<$view field="title"/>  <$list filter="[all[current]frombag{$:/plugins/federatial/xememex/config/recipe}]" variable="listItem"><span style="display:inline-block;background:#ff4;border:1px solid #cc0;color:black;padding:0 2px;border-radius:4px;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1.3;">local</span></$list>
\end
<$macrocall $name="timeline" format={{$:/language/RecentChanges/DateFormat}}/>

<$macrocall $name="timeline" format={{$:/language/RecentChanges/DateFormat}} subfilter="frombag{$:/plugins/federatial/xememex/config/recipe}"/>

/* ------------------------------------------
PURE CSS SPEECH BUBBLES
by Nicolas Gallagher
- http://nicolasgallagher.com/pure-css-speech-bubbles/

http://nicolasgallagher.com
http://twitter.com/necolas

Created: 02 March 2010
Version: 1.2 (03 March 2011)

Dual licensed under MIT and GNU GPLv2 Nicolas Gallagher
------------------------------------------ */

/* NOTE: Some declarations use longhand notation so that it can be clearly
explained what specific properties or values do and what their relationship
is to other properties or values in creating the effect */

/* ============================================================================================================================
== BUBBLE WITH AN ISOCELES TRIANGLE
** ============================================================================================================================ */

/* THE SPEECH BUBBLE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.bubbles-triangle-isosceles {
  position:relative;
  padding:15px;
  margin:1em 0 3em;
  color:#000;
  background:#f3961c; /* default background for browsers without gradient support */
  /* css3 */
  background:-webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#f9d835), to(#f3961c));
  background:-moz-linear-gradient(#f9d835, #f3961c);
  background:-o-linear-gradient(#f9d835, #f3961c);
  background:linear-gradient(#f9d835, #f3961c);
  -webkit-border-radius:10px;
  -moz-border-radius:10px;
  border-radius:10px;
}

/* Variant : for top positioned triangle
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-isosceles.bubbles-top {
  background:-webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#f3961c), to(#f9d835));
  background:-moz-linear-gradient(#f3961c, #f9d835);
  background:-o-linear-gradient(#f3961c, #f9d835);
  background:linear-gradient(#f3961c, #f9d835);
}

/* Variant : for left/right positioned triangle
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-isosceles.bubbles-left {
  margin-left:50px;
  background:#f3961c;
}

/* Variant : for right positioned triangle
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-isosceles.bubbles-right {
  margin-right:50px;
  background:#f3961c;
}

/* THE TRIANGLE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* creates triangle */
.bubbles-triangle-isosceles:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-15px; /* value = - border-top-width - border-bottom-width */
  left:50px; /* controls horizontal position */
  border-width:15px 15px 0; /* vary these values to change the angle of the vertex */
  border-style:solid;
  border-color:#f3961c transparent;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
  width:0;
}

/* Variant : top
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-isosceles.bubbles-top:after {
  top:-15px; /* value = - border-top-width - border-bottom-width */
  right:50px; /* controls horizontal position */
  bottom:auto;
  left:auto;
  border-width:0 15px 15px; /* vary these values to change the angle of the vertex */
  border-color:#f3961c transparent;
}

/* Variant : left
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-isosceles.bubbles-left:after {
  top:16px; /* controls vertical position */
  left:-50px; /* value = - border-left-width - border-right-width */
  bottom:auto;
  border-width:10px 50px 10px 0;
  border-color:transparent #f3961c;
}

/* Variant : right
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-isosceles.bubbles-right:after {
  top:16px; /* controls vertical position */
  right:-50px; /* value = - border-left-width - border-right-width */
  bottom:auto;
  left:auto;
  border-width:10px 0 10px 50px;
  border-color:transparent #f3961c;
}


/* ============================================================================================================================
== BUBBLE WITH A RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE
** ============================================================================================================================ */

/* THE SPEECH BUBBLE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.bubbles-triangle-right {
  position:relative;
  padding:15px;
  margin:1em 0 3em;
  color:#fff;
  background:#075698; /* default background for browsers without gradient support */
  /* css3 */
  background:-webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#2e88c4), to(#075698));
  background:-moz-linear-gradient(#2e88c4, #075698);
  background:-o-linear-gradient(#2e88c4, #075698);
  background:linear-gradient(#2e88c4, #075698);
  -webkit-border-radius:10px;
  -moz-border-radius:10px;
  border-radius:10px;
}

/* Variant : for top positioned triangle
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-right.bubbles-top {
  background:-webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#075698), to(#2e88c4));
  background:-moz-linear-gradient(#075698, #2e88c4);
  background:-o-linear-gradient(#075698, #2e88c4);
  background:linear-gradient(#075698, #2e88c4);
}

/* Variant : for left positioned triangle
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-right.bubbles-left {
  margin-left:40px;
  background:#075698;
}

/* Variant : for right positioned triangle
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-right.bubbles-right {
  margin-right:40px;
  background:#075698;
}

/* THE TRIANGLE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.bubbles-triangle-right:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-20px; /* value = - border-top-width - border-bottom-width */
  left:50px; /* controls horizontal position */
  border-width:20px 0 0 20px; /* vary these values to change the angle of the vertex */
  border-style:solid;
  border-color:#075698 transparent;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
  width:0;
}

/* Variant : top
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-right.bubbles-top:after {
  top:-20px; /* value = - border-top-width - border-bottom-width */
  right:50px; /* controls horizontal position */
  bottom:auto;
  left:auto;
  border-width:20px 20px 0 0; /* vary these values to change the angle of the vertex */
  border-color:transparent #075698;
}

/* Variant : left
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-right.bubbles-left:after {
  top:16px;
  left:-40px; /* value = - border-left-width - border-right-width */
  bottom:auto;
  border-width:15px 40px 0 0; /* vary these values to change the angle of the vertex */
  border-color:transparent #075698;
}

/* Variant : right
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-right.bubbles-right:after {
  top:16px;
  right:-40px; /* value = - border-left-width - border-right-width */
  bottom:auto;
  left:auto;
  border-width:15px 0 0 40px; /* vary these values to change the angle of the vertex */
  border-color:transparent #075698 ;
}


/* ============================================================================================================================
== BUBBLE WITH AN OBTUSE TRIANGLE
** ============================================================================================================================ */

/* THE SPEECH BUBBLE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.bubbles-triangle-obtuse {
  position:relative;
  padding:15px;
  margin:1em 0 3em;
  color:#fff;
  background:#c81e2b;
  /* css3 */
  background:-webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#f04349), to(#c81e2b));
  background:-moz-linear-gradient(#f04349, #c81e2b);
  background:-o-linear-gradient(#f04349, #c81e2b);
  background:linear-gradient(#f04349, #c81e2b);
  -webkit-border-radius:10px;
  -moz-border-radius:10px;
  border-radius:10px;
}

/* Variant : for top positioned triangle
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-obtuse.bubbles-top {
  background:-webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#c81e2b), to(#f04349));
  background:-moz-linear-gradient(#c81e2b, #f04349);
  background:-o-linear-gradient(#c81e2b, #f04349);
  background:linear-gradient(#c81e2b, #f04349);
}

/* Variant : for left positioned triangle
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-obtuse.bubbles-left {
  margin-left:50px;
  background:#c81e2b;
}

/* Variant : for right positioned triangle
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-obtuse.bubbles-right {
  margin-right:50px;
  background:#c81e2b;
}

/* THE TRIANGLE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* creates the wider right-angled triangle */
.bubbles-triangle-obtuse:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-20px; /* value = - border-top-width - border-bottom-width */
  left:60px; /* controls horizontal position */
  border:0;
  border-right-width:30px; /* vary this value to change the angle of the vertex */
  border-bottom-width:20px; /* vary this value to change the height of the triangle. must be equal to the corresponding value in :after */
  border-style:solid;
  border-color:transparent #c81e2b;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
  width:0;
}

/* creates the narrower right-angled triangle */
.bubbles-triangle-obtuse:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-20px; /* value = - border-top-width - border-bottom-width */
  left:80px; /* value = (:before's left) + (:before's border-right/left-width)  - (:after's border-right/left-width) */
  border:0;
  border-right-width:10px; /* vary this value to change the angle of the vertex */
  border-bottom-width:20px; /* vary this value to change the height of the triangle. must be equal to the corresponding value in :before */
  border-style:solid;
  border-color:transparent #fff;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
  width:0;
}

/* Variant : top
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-obtuse.bubbles-top:before {
  top:-20px; /* value = - border-top-width - border-bottom-width */
  bottom:auto;
  left:auto;
  right:60px; /* controls horizontal position */
  border:0;
  border-left-width:30px; /* vary this value to change the width of the triangle */
  border-top-width:20px; /* vary this value to change the height of the triangle. must be equal to the corresponding value in :after */
  border-color:transparent #c81e2b;
}

.bubbles-triangle-obtuse.bubbles-top:after {
  top:-20px; /* value = - border-top-width - border-bottom-width */
  bottom:auto;
  left:auto;
  right:80px; /* value = (:before's right) + (:before's border-right/left-width)  - (:after's border-right/left-width) */
  border-width:0;
  border-left-width:10px; /* vary this value to change the width of the triangle */
  border-top-width:20px; /* vary this value to change the height of the triangle. must be equal to the corresponding value in :before */
  border-color:transparent #fff;
}

/* Variant : left
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-obtuse.bubbles-left:before {
  top:15px; /* controls vertical position */
  bottom:auto;
  left:-50px; /* value = - border-left-width - border-right-width */
  border:0;
  border-bottom-width:30px; /* vary this value to change the height of the triangle */
  border-left-width:50px; /* vary this value to change the width of the triangle. must be equal to the corresponding value in :after */
  border-color:#c81e2b transparent;
}

.bubbles-triangle-obtuse.bubbles-left:after {
  top:35px; /* value = (:before's top) + (:before's border-top/bottom-width)  - (:after's border-top/bottom-width) */
  bottom:auto;
  left:-50px; /* value = - border-left-width - border-right-width */
  border:0;
  border-bottom-width:10px; /* vary this value to change the height of the triangle */
  border-left-width:50px; /* vary this value to change the width of the triangle. must be equal to the corresponding value in :before */
  border-color:#fff transparent;
}

/* Variant : right
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-obtuse.bubbles-right:before {
  top:15px; /* controls vertical position */
  bottom:auto;
  left:auto;
  right:-50px; /* value = - border-left-width - border-right-width */
  border:0;
  border-bottom-width:30px; /* vary this value to change the height of the triangle */
  border-right-width:50px; /* vary this value to change the width of the triangle. must be equal to the corresponding value in :after */
  border-color:#c81e2b transparent;
}

.bubbles-triangle-obtuse.bubbles-right:after {
  top:35px; /* value = (:before's top) + (:before's border-top/bottom-width)  - (:after's border-top/bottom-width) */
  bottom:auto;
  right:-50px; /* value = - border-left-width - border-right-width */
  left:auto;
  border:0;
  border-bottom-width:10px; /* vary this value to change the height of the triangle */
  border-right-width:50px; /* vary this value to change the width of the triangle. must be equal to the corresponding value in :before */
  border-color:#fff transparent;
}


/* ============================================================================================================================
== BUBBLE WITH A BORDER AND TRIANGLE
** ============================================================================================================================ */

/* THE SPEECH BUBBLE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.bubbles-triangle-border {
  position:relative;
  padding:15px;
  margin:1em 0 3em;
  border:5px solid #5a8f00;
  color:#333;
  background:#fff;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-radius:10px;
  -moz-border-radius:10px;
  border-radius:10px;
}

/* Variant : for left positioned triangle
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-border.bubbles-left {
  margin-left:30px;
}

/* Variant : for right positioned triangle
------------------------------------------ */

.bubbles-triangle-border.bubbles-right {
  margin-right:30px;
}

/* THE TRIANGLE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.bubbles-triangle-border:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-20px; /* value = - border-top-width - border-bottom-width */
  left:40px; /* controls horizontal position */
  border-width:20px 20px 0;
  border-style:solid;
  border-color:#5a8f00 transparent;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
  width:0;
}

/* creates the smaller  triangle */
.bubbles-triangle-border:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-13px; /* value = - border-top-width - border-bottom-width */
  left:47px; /* value = (:before left) + (:before border-left) - (:after border-left) */
  border-width:13px 13px 0;
  border-style:solid;
  border-color:#fff transparent;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
  width:0;
}

/* Variant : top
------------------------------------------ */

/* creates the larger triangle */
.bubbles-triangle-border.bubbles-top:before {
  top:-20px; /* value = - border-top-width - border-bottom-width */
  bottom:auto;
  left:auto;
  right:40px; /* controls horizontal position */
  border-width:0 20px 20px;
}

/* creates the smaller  triangle */
.bubbles-triangle-border.bubbles-top:after {
  top:-13px; /* value = - border-top-width - border-bottom-width */
  bottom:auto;
  left:auto;
  right:47px; /* value = (:before right) + (:before border-right) - (:after border-right) */
  border-width:0 13px 13px;
}

/* Variant : left
------------------------------------------ */

/* creates the larger triangle */
.bubbles-triangle-border.bubbles-left:before {
  top:10px; /* controls vertical position */
  bottom:auto;
  left:-30px; /* value = - border-left-width - border-right-width */
  border-width:15px 30px 15px 0;
  border-color:transparent #5a8f00;
}

/* creates the smaller  triangle */
.bubbles-triangle-border.bubbles-left:after {
  top:16px; /* value = (:before top) + (:before border-top) - (:after border-top) */
  bottom:auto;
  left:-21px; /* value = - border-left-width - border-right-width */
  border-width:9px 21px 9px 0;
  border-color:transparent #fff;
}

/* Variant : right
------------------------------------------ */

/* creates the larger triangle */
.bubbles-triangle-border.bubbles-right:before {
  top:10px; /* controls vertical position */
  bottom:auto;
  left:auto;
  right:-30px; /* value = - border-left-width - border-right-width */
  border-width:15px 0 15px 30px;
  border-color:transparent #5a8f00;
}

/* creates the smaller  triangle */
.bubbles-triangle-border.bubbles-right:after {
  top:16px; /* value = (:before top) + (:before border-top) - (:after border-top) */
  bottom:auto;
  left:auto;
  right:-21px; /* value = - border-left-width - border-right-width */
  border-width:9px 0 9px 21px;
  border-color:transparent #fff;
}


/* ============================================================================================================================
== SPEECH BUBBLE ICON
** ============================================================================================================================ */

.bubbles-example-commentheading {
  position:relative;
  padding:0;
  color:#b513af;
}

/* creates the rectangle */
.bubbles-example-commentheading:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  top:9px;
  left:-25px;
  width:15px;
  height:10px;
  background:#b513af;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-radius:3px;
  -moz-border-radius:3px;
  border-radius:3px;
}

/* creates the triangle */
.bubbles-example-commentheading:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  top:15px;
  left:-19px;
  border:4px solid transparent;
  border-left-color:#b513af;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
  width:0;
}


/* ============================================================================================================================
== BLOCKQUOTE WITH RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE
** ============================================================================================================================ */

.bubbles-example-right {
  position:relative;
  padding:15px 30px;
  margin:0;
  color:#fff;
  background:#5a8f00; /* default background for browsers without gradient support */
  /* css3 */
  background:-webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#b8db29), to(#5a8f00));
  background:-moz-linear-gradient(#b8db29, #5a8f00);
  background:-o-linear-gradient(#b8db29, #5a8f00);
  background:linear-gradient(#b8db29, #5a8f00);
  -webkit-border-radius:10px;
  -moz-border-radius:10px;
  border-radius:10px;
}

/* display of quote author (alternatively use a class on the element following the blockquote) */
.example-right + p {margin:15px 0 2em 85px; font-style:italic;}

/* creates the triangle */
.bubbles-example-right:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-50px;
  left:50px;
  border-width:0 20px 50px 0px;
  border-style:solid;
  border-color:transparent #5a8f00;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
  width:0;
}


/* ============================================================================================================================
== BLOCKQUOTE WITH OBTUSE TRIANGLE
** ============================================================================================================================ */

.bubbles-example-obtuse {
  position:relative;
  padding:15px 30px;
  margin:0;
  color:#000;
  background:#f3961c; /* default background for browsers without gradient support */
  /* css3 */
  background:-webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#f9d835), to(#f3961c));
  background:-moz-linear-gradient(#f9d835, #f3961c);
  background:-o-linear-gradient(#f9d835, #f3961c);
  background:linear-gradient(#f9d835, #f3961c);
  /* Using longhand to avoid inconsistencies between Safari 4 and Chrome 4 */
  -webkit-border-top-left-radius:25px 50px;
  -webkit-border-top-right-radius:25px 50px;
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:25px 50px;
  -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:25px 50px;
  -moz-border-radius:25px / 50px;
  border-radius:25px / 50px;
}

/* display of quote author (alternatively use a class on the element following the blockquote) */
.example-obtuse + p {margin:10px 150px 2em 0; text-align:right; font-style:italic;}

/* creates the larger triangle */
.bubbles-example-obtuse:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-30px;
  right:80px;
  border-width:0 0 30px 50px;
  border-style:solid;
  border-color:transparent #f3961c;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
  width:0;
}

/* creates the smaller triangle */
.bubbles-example-obtuse:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-30px;
  right:110px;
  border-width:0 0 30px 20px;
  border-style:solid;
  border-color:transparent #fff;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
  width:0;
}


/* ============================================================================================================================
== TWITTER
** ============================================================================================================================ */

.bubbles-example-twitter {
  position:relative;
  padding:15px;
  margin:100px 0 0.5em;
  color:#333;
  background:#eee;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-radius:10px;
  -moz-border-radius:10px;
  border-radius:10px;
}

.bubbles-example-twitter p {font-size:28px; line-height:1.25em;}

/* this isn't necessary, just saves me having to edit the HTML of the demo */
.bubbles-example-twitter:before {
  content:url(twitter-logo.gif);
  position:absolute;
  top:-60px;
  left:0;
  width:155px;
  height:36px;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
}

/* creates the triangle */
.bubbles-example-twitter:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  top:-30px;
  left:50px;
  border:15px solid transparent;
  border-bottom-color:#eee;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
  width:0;
}

/* display of quote author (alternatively use a class on the element following the blockquote) */
.bubbles-example-twitter + p {padding-left:15px; font:14px Arial, sans-serif;}


/* ============================================================================================================================
== NUMBER
** ============================================================================================================================ */

.bubbles-example-number {
  position:relative;
  width:200px;
  height:200px;
  margin:50px 0 200px;
  text-align:center;
  font:140px/200px Arial, sans-serif;
  color:#fff;
  background:#C91F2C;
}

/* creates the larger triangle */
.bubbles-example-number:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-140px;
  right:0;
  border-width:0 0 140px 140px;
  border-style:solid;
  border-color:transparent #C91F2C;
}

/* creates the larger triangle */
.bubbles-example-number:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-140px;
  right:85px;
  border-width:0 0 140px 55px;
  border-style:solid;
  border-color:transparent #fff;
}


/* ============================================================================================================================
== PINCHED SPEECH BUBBLE (more CSS3)
** ============================================================================================================================ */

.bubbles-pinched {
  position:relative;
  padding:15px;
  margin:50px 0 3em;
  text-align:center;
  color:#fff;
  background:#333;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-radius:10px;
  -moz-border-radius:10px;
  border-radius:10px;
}

/* creates a rectangle of the colour wanted for the pointy bit */
.bubbles-pinched:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  top:-20px;
  left:50%;
  width:100px;
  height:20px;
  margin:0 0 0 -50px;
  background:#333;
}

/* creates a rounded rectangle to cover part of the rectangle generated above */
.bubbles-pinched:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  top:-20px;
  left:0;
  width:50%;
  height:20px;
  background:#fff;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:15px;
  -moz-border-radius-bottomright:15px;
  border-bottom-right-radius:15px;
}

/* creates the other rounded rectangle */
.bubbles-pinched > :first-child:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  top:-20px;
  right:0;
  width:50%;
  height:20px;
  background:#fff;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:15px;
  -moz-border-radius-bottomleft:15px;
  border-bottom-left-radius:15px;
}


/* ============================================================================================================================
== OVAL SPEECH BUBBLE (more CSS3)
** ============================================================================================================================ */

.bubbles-oval-speech {
  position:relative;
  width:270px;
  padding:50px 40px;
  margin:1em auto 50px;
  text-align:center;
  color:#fff;
  background:#5a8f00;
  /* css3 */
  background:-webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#b8db29), to(#5a8f00));
  background:-moz-linear-gradient(#b8db29, #5a8f00);
  background:-o-linear-gradient(#b8db29, #5a8f00);
  background:linear-gradient(#b8db29, #5a8f00);
  /*
  NOTES:
  -webkit-border-radius:220px 120px; // produces oval in safari 4 and chrome 4
  -webkit-border-radius:220px / 120px; // produces oval in chrome 4 (again!) but not supported in safari 4
  Not correct application of the current spec, therefore, using longhand to avoid future problems with webkit corrects this
  */
  -webkit-border-top-left-radius:220px 120px;
  -webkit-border-top-right-radius:220px 120px;
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:220px 120px;
  -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:220px 120px;
  -moz-border-radius:220px / 120px;
  border-radius:220px / 120px;
}

.bubbles-oval-speech p {font-size:1.25em;}

/* creates part of the curve */
.bubbles-oval-speech:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:-1;
  bottom:-30px;
  right:50%;
  height:30px;
  border-right:60px solid #5a8f00;
  background:#5a8f00; /* need this for webkit - bug in handling of border-radius */
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:80px 50px;
  -moz-border-radius-bottomright:80px 50px;
  border-bottom-right-radius:80px 50px;
  /* using translate to avoid undesired appearance in CSS2.1-capabable but CSS3-incapable browsers */
  -webkit-transform:translate(0, -2px);
  -moz-transform:translate(0, -2px);
  -ms-transform:translate(0, -2px);
  -o-transform:translate(0, -2px);
  transform:translate(0, -2px);
}

/* creates part of the curved pointy bit */
.bubbles-oval-speech:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:-1;
  bottom:-30px;
  right:50%;
  width:60px;
  height:30px;
  background:#fff;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:40px 50px;
  -moz-border-radius-bottomright:40px 50px;
  border-bottom-right-radius:40px 50px;
  /* using translate to avoid undesired appearance in CSS2.1-capabable but CSS3-incapable browsers */
  -webkit-transform:translate(-30px, -2px);
  -moz-transform:translate(-30px, -2px);
  -ms-transform:translate(-30px, -2px);
  -o-transform:translate(-30px, -2px);
  transform:translate(-30px, -2px);
}


/* ============================================================================================================================
== OVAL THOUGHT BUBBLE (more CSS3)
** ============================================================================================================================ */

.bubbles-oval-thought {
  position:relative;
  width:270px;
  padding:50px 40px;
  margin:1em auto 80px;
  text-align:center;
  color:#fff;
  background:#075698;
  /* css3 */
  background:-webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(#2e88c4), to(#075698));
  background:-moz-linear-gradient(#2e88c4, #075698);
  background:-o-linear-gradient(#2e88c4, #075698);
  background:linear-gradient(#2e88c4, #075698);
  /*
  NOTES:
  -webkit-border-radius:220px 120px; // produces oval in safari 4 and chrome 4
  -webkit-border-radius:220px / 120px; // produces oval in chrome 4 (again!) but not supported in safari 4
  Not correct application of the current spec, therefore, using longhand to avoid future problems with webkit corrects this
  */
  -webkit-border-top-left-radius:220px 120px;
  -webkit-border-top-right-radius:220px 120px;
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:220px 120px;
  -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:220px 120px;
  -moz-border-radius:220px / 120px;
  border-radius:220px / 120px;
}

.bubbles-oval-thought p {font-size:1.25em;}

/* creates the larger circle */
.bubbles-oval-thought:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-20px;
  left:50px;
  width:30px;
  height:30px;
  background:#075698;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-radius:30px;
  -moz-border-radius:30px;
  border-radius:30px;
}

/* creates the smaller circle */
.bubbles-oval-thought:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-30px;
  left:30px;
  width:15px;
  height:15px;
  background:#075698;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-radius:15px;
  -moz-border-radius:15px;
  border-radius:15px;
}

/* ============================================================================================================================
== OVAL SPEECH BUBBLE WITH QUOTATION MARKS (more CSS3)
** ============================================================================================================================ */

.bubbles-oval-quotes {
  position:relative;
  width:400px;
  height:350px;
  margin:2em auto 10px;
  color:#000;
  background:#ffed26;
  /* css3 */
  /*
  NOTES:
  -webkit-border-radius:Apx Bpx; // produces oval in safari 4 and chrome 4
  -webkit-border-radius:Apx / Bpx; // produces oval in chrome 4 (again!) but not supported in safari 4
  Not correct application of the current spec, therefore, using longhand to avoid future problems with webkit corrects this
  */
  -webkit-border-top-left-radius:400px 350px;
  -webkit-border-top-right-radius:400px 350px;
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:400px 350px;
  -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:400px 350px;
  -moz-border-radius:400px / 350px;
  border-radius:400px / 350px;
}

/* creates opening quotation mark */
.bubbles-oval-quotes:before {
  content:"\201C";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:1;
  top:20px;
  left:20px;
  font:80px/1 Georgia, serif;
  color:#ffed26;
}

/* creates closing quotation mark */
.bubbles-oval-quotes:after {
  content:"\201D";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:1;
  bottom:0;
  right:20px;
  font:80px/0.25 Georgia, serif;
  color:#ffed26;
}

.bubbles-oval-quotes p {
  width:250px;
  height:250px;
  padding:50px 0 0;
  margin:0 auto;
  text-align:center;
  font-size:35px;
}

/* creates smaller curve */
.bubbles-oval-quotes p:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:-1;
  bottom:-30px;
  right:55%;
  width:180px; /* wider than necessary to make it look a bit better in IE8 */
  height:60px;
  background:#fff; /* need this for webkit - bug in handling of border-radius */
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:40px 50px;
  -moz-border-radius-bottomright:40px 50px;
  border-bottom-right-radius:40px 50px;
  /* using translate to avoid undesired appearance in CSS2.1-capabable but CSS3-incapable browsers */
  -webkit-transform:translate(-30px, -2px);
  -moz-transform:translate(-30px, -2px);
  -ms-transform:translate(-30px, -2px);
  -o-transform:translate(-30px, -2px);
  transform:translate(-30px, -2px);
}

/* creates larger curve */
.bubbles-oval-quotes p:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:-2;
  bottom:-30px;
  right:25%;
  height:80px;
  border-right:200px solid #ffed26;
  background:#ffed26; /* need this for webkit - bug in handling of border-radius */
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:200px 100px;
  -moz-border-radius-bottomright:200px 100px;
  border-bottom-right-radius:200px 100px;
  /* using translate to avoid undesired appearance in CSS2.1-capabable but CSS3-incapable browsers */
  -webkit-transform:translate(0, -2px);
  -moz-transform:translate(0, -2px);
  -ms-transform:translate(0, -2px);
  -o-transform:translate(0, -2px);
  transform:translate(0, -2px);
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
  width:0;
}

.bubbles-oval-quotes + p {
  position:relative; /* part of the IE8 width compromise */
  width:150px;
  margin:0 0 2em;
  font-size:18px;
  font-weight:bold;
}


/* ============================================================================================================================
== RECTANGLE-BORDER STYLE WITH CURVE
** ============================================================================================================================ */

.bubbles-rectangle-speech-border {
  position:relative;
  padding:50px 15px;
  margin:1em 0 3em;
  border:10px solid #5a8f00;
  text-align:center;
  color:#333;
  background:#fff;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-radius:20px;
  -moz-border-radius:20px;
  border-radius:20px;
}

/* creates larger curve */
.bubbles-rectangle-speech-border:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:10;
  bottom:-40px;
  left:50px;
  width:50px;
  height:30px;
  border-style:solid;
  border-width:0 10px 10px 0;
  border-color:#5a8f00;
  background:transparent;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:80px 50px;
  -moz-border-radius-bottomright:80px 50px;
  border-bottom-right-radius:80px 50px;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
}

/* creates smaller curve */
.bubbles-rectangle-speech-border:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:10;
  bottom:-40px;
  left:50px;
  width:20px;
  height:30px;
  border-style:solid;
  border-width:0 10px 10px 0;
  border-color:#5a8f00;
  background:transparent;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:40px 50px;
  -moz-border-radius-bottomright:40px 50px;
  border-bottom-right-radius:40px 50px;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
}

/* creates a small circle to produce a rounded point where the two curves meet */
.bubbles-rectangle-speech-border > :first-child:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-40px;
  left:45px;
  width:10px;
  height:10px;
  background:#5a8f00;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-radius:10px;
  -moz-border-radius:10px;
  border-radius:10px;
}

/* creates a white rectangle to cover part of the oval border*/
.bubbles-rectangle-speech-border > :first-child:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  bottom:-10px;
  left:76px;
  width:24px;
  height:15px;
  background:#fff;
}

/* ============================================================================================================================
== OVER SPEECH BUBBLE, EMPTY, WITH BORDER (more CSS3)
** ============================================================================================================================ */

.bubbles-oval-speech-border {
  position:relative;
  padding:70px 30px;
  margin:1em auto 60px;
  border:10px solid #f3961c;
  text-align:center;
  color:#333;
  background:#fff;
  /* css3 */
  /*
  NOTES:
  -webkit-border-radius:240px 140px; // produces oval in safari 4 and chrome 4
  -webkit-border-radius:240px / 140px; // produces oval in chrome 4 (again!) but not supported in safari 4
  Not correct application of the current spec, therefore, using longhand to avoid future problems with webkit corrects this
  */
  -webkit-border-top-left-radius:240px 140px;
  -webkit-border-top-right-radius:240px 140px;
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:240px 140px;
  -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:240px 140px;
  -moz-border-radius:240px / 140px;
  border-radius:240px / 140px;
}

/* creates larger curve */
.bubbles-oval-speech-border:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:2;
  bottom:-40px;
  right:50%;
  width:50px;
  height:30px;
  border-style:solid;
  border-width:0 10px 10px 0;
  border-color:#f3961c;
  margin-right:-10px;
  background:transparent;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:80px 50px;
  -moz-border-radius-bottomright:80px 50px;
  border-bottom-right-radius:80px 50px;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
}

/* creates smaller curve */
.bubbles-oval-speech-border:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:2;
  bottom:-40px;
  right:50%;
  width:20px;
  height:31px;
  border-style:solid;
  border-width:0 10px 10px 0;
  border-color:#f3961c;
  margin-right:20px;
  background:transparent;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:40px 50px;
  -moz-border-radius-bottomright:40px 50px;
  border-bottom-right-radius:40px 50px;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
}

/* creates a small circle to produce a rounded point where the two curves meet */
.bubbles-oval-speech-border > :first-child:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:1;
  bottom:-40px;
  right:50%;
  width:10px;
  height:10px;
  margin-right:45px;
  background:#f3961c;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-radius:10px;
  -moz-border-radius:10px;
  border-radius:10px;
}

/* creates a white rectangle to cover part of the oval border*/
.bubbles-oval-speech-border > :first-child:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:1;
  bottom:-10px;
  right:50%;
  width:30px;
  height:15px;
  background:#fff;
}

/* ============================================================================================================================
== OVER THOUGHT BUBBLE, EMPTY, WITH BORDER (more CSS3)
** ============================================================================================================================ */

.bubbles-oval-thought-border {
  position:relative;
  padding:70px 30px;
  margin:1em auto 80px;
  border:10px solid #c81e2b;
  text-align:center;
  color:#333;
  background:#fff;
  /* css3 */
  /*
  NOTES:
  -webkit-border-radius:240px 140px; // produces oval in safari 4 and chrome 4
  -webkit-border-radius:240px / 140px; // produces oval in chrome 4 (again!) but not supported in safari 4
  Not correct application of the current spec, therefore, using longhand to avoid future problems with webkit corrects this
  */
  -webkit-border-top-left-radius:240px 140px;
  -webkit-border-top-right-radius:240px 140px;
  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:240px 140px;
  -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:240px 140px;
  -moz-border-radius:240px / 140px;
  border-radius:240px / 140px;
}

/* creates the larger circle */
.bubbles-oval-thought-border:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:10;
  bottom:-40px;
  right:100px;
  width:50px;
  height:50px;
  border:10px solid #c81e2b;
  background:#fff;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-radius:50px;
  -moz-border-radius:50px;
  border-radius:50px;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
}

/* creates the smaller circle */
.bubbles-oval-thought-border:after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:10;
  bottom:-60px;
  right:50px;
  width:25px;
  height:25px;
  border:10px solid #c81e2b;
  background:#fff;
  /* css3 */
  -webkit-border-radius:25px;
  -moz-border-radius:25px;
  border-radius:25px;
  /* reduce the damage in FF3.0 */
  display:block;
}

\rules only filteredtranscludeinline transcludeinline macrodef macrocallinline

@media (min-width: {{$:/themes/tiddlywiki/vanilla/metrics/sidebarbreakpoint}}) {

<<if-sidebar """

	.tc-sidebar-scrollable {
		background: linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.85) 42px,rgba(255,255,255,0.85) 100%);
	}

""">>

}

@media (max-width: {{$:/themes/tiddlywiki/vanilla/metrics/sidebarbreakpoint}}) {

<<if-sidebar """

	.tc-sidebar-scrollable {
		background: linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0.85) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.85) 100%);
	}

""">>

}

/* Make links bolder */

button.tc-tiddlylink, a.tc-tiddlylink {
    font-weight: bold;
}

\rules only filteredtranscludeinline transcludeinline macrodef macrocallinline

.tc-topbar-right {
	top: 0;
	right: 0;
}

.tc-topbar-left {
	display: inline-block;
	top: 0;
	left: 0;
	width: 100%;
}

nav.tc-top-menu p {
	margin: 0;
}

nav.tc-top-menu > ul {
	position: relative;
	list-style-type: none;
	margin: 0;
    padding: 0 0 0 42px;
	text-transform: uppercase;
	background: <<colour top-menu-background>>;
	<<box-shadow "1px 1px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3)">>
}

nav.tc-top-menu > ul > li {
	display: inline-block;
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
}

nav.tc-top-menu > ul > li > a,
nav.tc-top-menu > ul > li > button {
	display: block;
	font-weight: 700;
	color: <<colour top-menu-foreground>>;
	fill: <<colour top-menu-foreground>>;
	text-decoration: none;
	padding: 0.5em;
	margin: 0;
	background: none;
	border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    text-transform: inherit;
    border-radius: 0;
    text-decoration: none;
}

nav.tc-top-menu > ul > li > a.tc-selected,
nav.tc-top-menu > ul > li > button.tc-selected {
	background: <<colour top-menu-foreground>>;
	color: <<colour top-menu-background>>;
	fill: <<colour top-menu-background>>;
}

nav.tc-top-menu > ul > li svg {
	width: 1em;
	height: 1em;
	fill: <<colour top-menu-foreground>>;
}

nav.tc-top-menu > ul > li > a:hover,
nav.tc-top-menu > ul > li > button:hover {
	background: rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
    border-radius: 0;
    text-decoration: none;
}

nav.tc-top-menu .tc-drop-down {
	max-height: 70vh;
	overflow: auto;
}

nav.tc-top-menu .tc-drop-down a {
	text-decoration: none;
}

nav.tc-top-menu .tc-drop-down button {
	display: inline-block;
	width: auto;
}

nav.tc-top-menu .tc-drop-down ol {
	margin: 0;
}

<hr/>
<$button class="tc-btn-invisible">
<$set name="tags" filter="[<currentTiddler>]">
<$action-sendmessage $message="tm-new-tiddler" tags=<<tags>>/>
Create new tiddler tagged '<$text text=<<currentTiddler>>/>'
</$set>
</$button>

<textarea readonly="readonly" style="width:100%;height:10em;"><$text text={{!!text}}/></textarea>

<$list filter="[all[shadows+tiddlers]tag[$:/tags/TopMenu]!has[draft.of]limit[1]]" variable="listItem">

<nav class="tc-top-menu">

<ul>

<$list filter="[all[shadows+tiddlers]tag[$:/tags/TopMenu]!has[draft.of]]">

<li style={{!!custom-menu-styles}}>

<$list filter="[<currentTiddler>!has[dropdown]]" variable="listItem" emptyMessage="""

<$set name="dropdown-state" value=<<qualify "$:/state/topmenu/dropdown/">>>

<$set name="dropdown-state" value={{{ [<dropdown-state>addsuffix<currentTiddler>] }}}>

<$button popup=<<dropdown-state>> selectedClass="tc-selected">

<$transclude field="caption"/>

</$button>

</$set>

</$set>

""">

<$list filter="[<currentTiddler>has[custom-menu-content]]" variable="listItem" emptyMessage="""
<$link to={{!!target}}>

<$transclude field="caption"/>

</$link>
""">

<$transclude field="custom-menu-content" mode="inline"/>

</$list>


</$list>

</li>

</$list>

</ul>

<$list filter="[all[shadows+tiddlers]tag[$:/tags/TopMenu]!has[draft.of]]">

<$list filter="[<currentTiddler>has[dropdown]]" variable="listItem">

<$set name="dropdown-state" value=<<qualify "$:/state/topmenu/dropdown/">>>

<$set name="dropdown-state" value={{{ [<dropdown-state>addsuffix<currentTiddler>] }}}>

<$reveal type="popup" state=<<dropdown-state>>>

<div class="tc-drop-down">

<$transclude tiddler={{!!dropdown}}/>

</div>

</$reveal>

</$set>

</$set>

</$list>

</$list>

</nav>

</$list>

ambit-white: #ffffff
ambit-black: #222222
ambit-green: #209377
ambit-pale-green: #6cbeaf
ambit-blue: #155dac
ambit-purple: #925195
ambit-orange: #eb7837
ambit-brown: #786e65
ambit-light-grey: #e2e2e2
ambit-very-light-grey: #f2f2f2

ambit-mid: rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.84)

top-menu-background: <<colour ambit-purple>>
top-menu-foreground: <<colour ambit-white>>

page-footer-background: <<colour ambit-green>>
page-footer-foreground: <<colour ambit-white>>

alert-background: <<colour ambit-white>>
alert-border: #b99e2f
alert-highlight: #881122
alert-muted-foreground: #b99e2f
background: #fff
blockquote-bar: <<colour muted-foreground>>
button-background:
button-foreground:
button-border:
code-background: #f7f7f9
code-border: #e1e1e8
code-foreground: #dd1144
dirty-indicator: #ff0000
download-background: #34c734
download-foreground: <<colour background>>
dragger-background: <<colour foreground>>
dragger-foreground: <<colour background>>
dropdown-background: <<colour background>>
dropdown-border: <<colour muted-foreground>>
dropdown-tab-background-selected: #fff
dropdown-tab-background: #ececec
dropzone-background: rgba(0,200,0,0.7)
external-link-background-hover: inherit
external-link-background-visited: inherit
external-link-background: inherit
external-link-foreground-hover: inherit
external-link-foreground-visited: #0000aa
external-link-foreground: #0000ee
foreground: <<colour ambit-black>>
message-background: #ecf2ff
message-border: #cfd6e6
message-foreground: #547599
modal-backdrop: <<colour foreground>>
modal-background: <<colour background>>
modal-border: #999999
modal-footer-background: #f5f5f5
modal-footer-border: #dddddd
modal-header-border: #eeeeee
muted-foreground: <<colour ambit-green>>
notification-background: #ffffdd
notification-border: #999999
page-background: <<colour ambit-light-grey>>
pre-background: #f5f5f5
pre-border: #cccccc
primary: <<colour ambit-blue>>
sidebar-button-foreground: <<colour foreground>>
sidebar-controls-foreground-hover: #000000
sidebar-controls-foreground: <<colour ambit-green>>
sidebar-foreground-shadow: rgba(255,255,255, 0.8)
sidebar-foreground: #acacac
sidebar-muted-foreground-hover: #444444
sidebar-muted-foreground: #c0c0c0
sidebar-tab-background-selected: #f4f4f4
sidebar-tab-background: #e0e0e0
sidebar-tab-border-selected: <<colour tab-border-selected>>
sidebar-tab-border: <<colour tab-border>>
sidebar-tab-divider: #e4e4e4
sidebar-tab-foreground-selected:
sidebar-tab-foreground: <<colour tab-foreground>>
sidebar-tiddler-link-foreground-hover: #444444
sidebar-tiddler-link-foreground: #999999
site-title-foreground: <<colour tiddler-title-foreground>>
static-alert-foreground: #aaaaaa
tab-background-selected: #ffffff
tab-background: #d8d8d8
tab-border-selected: #d8d8d8
tab-border: #cccccc
tab-divider: #d8d8d8
tab-foreground-selected: <<colour tab-foreground>>
tab-foreground: #666666
table-border: #dddddd
table-footer-background: #a8a8a8
table-header-background: #f0f0f0
tag-background: #ec6
tag-foreground: #ffffff
tiddler-background: <<colour background>>
tiddler-border: <<colour background>>
tiddler-controls-foreground-hover: #888888
tiddler-controls-foreground-selected: #444444
tiddler-controls-foreground: <<colour ambit-green>>
tiddler-editor-background: #f8f8f8
tiddler-editor-border-image: #ffffff
tiddler-editor-border: #cccccc
tiddler-editor-fields-even: #e0e8e0
tiddler-editor-fields-odd: #f0f4f0
tiddler-info-background: #f8f8f8
tiddler-info-border: #dddddd
tiddler-info-tab-background: #f8f8f8
tiddler-link-background: <<colour background>>
tiddler-link-foreground: <<colour primary>>
tiddler-subtitle-foreground: #c0c0c0
tiddler-title-foreground: #182955
toolbar-new-button:
toolbar-options-button:
toolbar-save-button:
toolbar-info-button:
toolbar-edit-button:
toolbar-close-button:
toolbar-delete-button:
toolbar-cancel-button:
toolbar-done-button:
untagged-background: #999999
very-muted-foreground: #888888

\define link-pdf(caption,url,colour:"#55c6a7")
<a href="""$url$""" class="tc-btn-big-green" style="background-color:$colour$;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
{{$:/core/images/file}} $caption$
</a>
\end

<div class="tc-table-of-contents">
<<toc-selective-expandable 'LearningContents'>>
</div>

<div class="tc-table-of-contents">
<<toc-selective-expandable 'NetworksContents'>>
</div>

<div class="tc-table-of-contents">
<<toc-selective-expandable 'AMBIT'>>
</div>

<div class="tc-table-of-contents">
<<toc-selective-expandable 'TeamContents'>>
</div>

tags

title

hide

hide

hide

show

show

hide

show

show

hide

hide

hide

yes

auto

sticky

no

hide

hide

show

restored

no

no

no

<div class="tc-more-sidebar">
<$macrocall $name="tabs" tabsList="[all[shadows+tiddlers]tag[$:/tags/Recent]!has[draft.of]]" default="$:/_AFC/Recent/All" state="$:/state/tab/recentsidebar" class="tc-vertical" />
</div>

\define lingo-base() $:/language/ControlPanel/
\define config-title()
$:/config/PageControlButtons/Visibility/$(listItem)$
\end

<<lingo Basics/Version/Prompt>> <<version>>

<$set name="tv-config-toolbar-icons" value="yes">

<$set name="tv-config-toolbar-text" value="yes">

<$set name="tv-config-toolbar-class" value="">

<$list filter="[all[shadows+tiddlers]tag[$:/tags/PageControls]!has[draft.of]]" variable="listItem">

<div style="position:relative;" class={{{ [<listItem>encodeuricomponent[]addprefix[tc-btn-]] }}}>

<$checkbox tiddler=<<config-title>> field="text" checked="show" unchecked="hide" default="show"/> <$transclude tiddler=<<listItem>>/> <i class="tc-muted"><$transclude tiddler=<<listItem>> field="description"/></i>

</div>

</$list>

</$set>

</$set>

</$set>

<$transclude tiddler="$:/core" subtiddler="$:/core/ui/ViewTemplate/subtitle"/>

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAABACAYAAACqaXHeAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAACApJREFUeAHdmQmIlkUYxzfNq0NTo8PIlDKPyi4qi0yhErWkEoROhSxTISOVosuorCwUtKKiEC3tUCTNbonW9UpJ7c4y274kxDQ30y631H7/z31lvmlm3mu1b33gt+/MM8/zzMz7zvltRUX5S3OaeAO8CRthOcyHU+CAllb07l7YBLsNqurS23ieBwecNKFHY2ALmB2P0osN/S+ku8MBI73pydcQddb1XGeVryd/LDRoaUrrJ8IucHU60m312CxBfzA0SOlEq1dC1MnQc1XA7tGG2Pt+NHp7oFP2y6gM2P5D2bnQYORqWloLdid9+QK2s2PsP6O8MZS9jKCFO8HXWVP/DXbXgOa4tkblzXI7PZzyshZ1xm60K6+pMRq0LZqibe8vcPlIp8NSCyhLOZ9W/Qm+xkd6LXZaHH2ic0Jk63qO8jn+n/oOVP4TuBps6qZgo20xJJoOX4DpZ6arKWsUCrC/yw6iwkVgNtKVvjNFw/rHxNMOUzZyKy1xdTjS6QA0MkNrQ+eHlzPE2ycuHYn6G0SddT3vyVjz9YG4qrMsFsO5gUbqZWhvzyrNcawB10uVrm/WwPXld3agcWrgV3BIzsqm4+97AZNyxs7trh8xfI3TvO+Zu4aKiqsCdXxYD/Ezh9A+7uu89FMzRy51bEPWd4vUgSl4SwwWltaTOndTwEMLVDOYDn+ATn2boQDaw7+EHZBEtAashc4OY9WhRfhbR9k+VbUkuo6kvhFQGSiTjy5Jn8BkuAzi1onQQtsf//0mPahpGqwAX+d1bd0QKHf5aYTMhD6gQ5Ut+jHF5SfdUNt4X+QHEfRTiBqxzEhHuui5PFAW2YSea/C/BcxL0h2BmHdR5pW852V98aWgvby7UUs7I20ndQ3OI11wfha+gevqAv1a93Q94qaPyydW1xqLl8D1pUIXHg1/Ndbll1VXSby7AzEnUFavoittAXwNXh0o+zxQ5ouXRK/trsoT+yH0XkmzDWrx0VwbDyE/bXE+0bBdCPp1V78LHAaHwzGgbawTNIe0ou3uIlgCOn2adwBts7lFv7NNgyRfY0HAbmRMS7QmnQ6jYB6o8UnqNG10hqgx/G4mnUua4D0LzEpC6XcDtpembIlGiBa69wMxXW1Zi320Fl1OOrM0xXM+uCqxdb9jpymiHcEui/LdKMsq2mVmQNIfU7/HVi9BUyuz6LweNT70fAc7HTklGro+2/ZFi3x/zsTdt+DZ9WrN0Y6VSeJ+xVFltXCjFT00BY60bLNmtSDrF+MdYHfazr+WpZLeOP0dE3wb5a45HZoyx+NTn3I7wbaA3Wk7PyxNpUdgvDEm6AbKz/AEDS2YXT0+WdQaBRri60DtsTtt5nWXSDz9no4Jpjd+EvjkeQrMys30xT6nDPo+Rj3fk95k5M06o7RGZqycg0VoldVR9pKYKA9QHlVqP2+J8U1T/JZVz1LyOoTZdZr5K0IVaEitiglwWyhAXdnNgRhTEvgnMennqeN1jz56CTofNPFVMCDGeY7P0dL3CsTRC84rhxKgAFGn7GdVoEy2w8EplWjtYFFeR9Kki0jbQBxNoVaQRybhHLXL9XyKch2AXGXSVYOO9iVyJjmfg/T3l1jHZ74LxBsc7+616EGJXqKvrVoI24DOJj4b6QdCibxAzuewnrIWJdbxmScD8d6Od3danIw2bqUfUuepL/w1+Pqkk+te0dV2K/iMR++1TJ7oG4inL9gxeaii5XH8LYCvjdIvBFOGkPHZa6c7KjLuFTDUnb11ZJjiqZU29LXS7AYa0rri+jojvY7E9iGrGbqfA37DKCvK4/z1BU+68teFKnmEFivdHNuVWLszugHqtOdrX6Qf63aveCLgOzfy+cJhtAFdJegikXa44lKULvzdBVEj7eeLe8y8f4dSot3H9rPzz3kj7PmVyLaP8jX4NZJvVIkUi+BjMBuurzUG/rN1oIsTjaCoQvupOno5AuguMh1se1d+AXZaw3yiNm8Dl690xY/7KokVUBswlPFKOBvSyFkYmy/TbsiPlOvcIGkJ4+AXsO1ceY1c+cSJVnyXv3T95ax/PfkMXPoPsL8Sko6IGTHxZ1F+N2yJsTPbshrbdpBEHsHI9DXTI6IAaoBZkCRdwEcLXT84BHyihm4HM6bWmMWwDLTTmGVx6XnY6zicVPSboi/m+IOMKANJT4Mkw8pwKyZr+bsKdALUwekHUKe1HTaF8+AkaAHHwAmQRSbidCdoWiWVXhgu9Bg/Y+tPRFEJu8sMTY/BkEW64uTrz0xXQI2KYZBmTvoqyKvXl54KR0JW6YCjrx2zQ0G1HT0Gaeeor7K0+k+o+4JQAxOWtcfOV/ec4kHAE2gres23DvAgbIZ9LWroCtACuQaqIa+E1jTdSxJLcyyHgg5LoSup722H9Nr7F8BHYNrpI9wDaVZ9zEvkQnJmTDM9rcQyRUaHFy1KmkMFMIMmSWtaaYhXgnaPvyDk9zPl40HDOa1ci4Mv9mRzG0wb2LTXMDsNuoFejvJC2562w19BX7MAOsFpu2wFOoX2gaSijmh6vAEaMYq1C0Ki6Xufx2Bcfb0AT/xYdWMsJsDYWEu3ge4pn4NeqI7VOvdrNOkqrBes3xH0HAAu0ZQuCxlEKzTMfUM1r77SE7s3+rKRo2nJK5C3sz5/+yVo6hxRNr03GtKT9DLwdSSP3nwJut2WtWhxfA/ydNjlW1UXU9trg5DOtPJhqAZXh9LqdhJnHrSBBien0uIxMBc2QJrO12CvEaUv3xaK8i9e8Ax/5Ku5fAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==

Open pages

Changes

$:/_AFC/Palette

{
    "tiddlers": {
        "$:/config/Comments/EnableFilter": {
            "title": "$:/config/Comments/EnableFilter",
            "text": "[all[current]!is[system]]\n"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/above-story": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/above-story",
            "tags": "$:/tags/AboveStory",
            "text": "<$reveal state=\"$:/config/Comments/EnableWikiComments\" type=\"match\" text=\"yes\" default=\"no\">\n<$tiddler tiddler=\"$:/SiteTitle\">\n<$transclude tiddler=\"$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/comments-template\" mode=\"inline\"/>\n</$tiddler>\n</$reveal>\n"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/add-comment-button-actions": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/add-comment-button-actions",
            "text": "<$set name=\"username\" value={{$:/status/UserName}} emptyValue=\"(anonymous)\">\n<$set name=\"target\" filter=\"[<currentTiddler>]\">\n<$action-createtiddler $basetitle={{{ [[Comment by ']addsuffix<username>addsuffix[' on ']addsuffix<currentTiddler>addsuffix[']] }}} role=\"comment\" list=<<target>> text=\"\" edit-mode=\"yes\"/>\n</$set>\n</$set>\n"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/add-comment-button": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/add-comment-button",
            "text": "<$reveal state=\"$:/status/IsReadOnly\" type=\"match\" text=\"no\" default=\"no\" tag=\"div\" class=\"tc-comment-button\">\n<$button class=\"tc-btn-invisible\" actions={{$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/add-comment-button-actions}}>\nadd comment {{$:/core/images/add-comment}}\n</$button>\n</$reveal>\n"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/comments-template": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/comments-template",
            "text": "<div class=\"tc-comments\">\n<ol class=\"tc-comment-list\">\n<$list filter=\"[all[tiddlers+shadows]role[comment]contains<currentTiddler>sort[created]!has[draft.of]]\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"tc-comment-entry\">\n<div class=\"tc-comment-entry-heading\">\n<$link>{{!!creator}} at <$view field=\"modified\" format=\"date\" template=\"0hh:0mm:0ss DDD DDth MMM YYYY\"/></$link>\n<$list filter=\"[all[shadows+tiddlers]tag[$:/tags/CommentToolbarButton]!has[draft.of]]\" variable=\"listItem\">\n<$transclude tiddler=<<listItem>> mode=\"inline\"/>\n</$list>\n</div>\n<div class=\"tc-comment-entry-body\">\n<$reveal type=\"match\" state=\"!!edit-mode\" text=\"yes\">\n<$edit-text tiddler=<<currentTiddler>> tag=\"textarea\" focus=\"true\"/>\n</$reveal>\n<$reveal type=\"nomatch\" state=\"!!edit-mode\" text=\"yes\">\n<$transclude tiddler=<<currentTiddler>> mode=\"block\"/>\n<$transclude tiddler=\"$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/add-comment-button\" mode=\"inline\"/>\n</$reveal>\n</div>\n</div>\n<$transclude tiddler=\"$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/comments-template\" mode=\"inline\"/>\n</li>\n</$list>\n</ol>\n</div>\n"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/config": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/config",
            "text": "\\define select(description,filter)\n<$button>\n<$action-setfield $tiddler=\"$:/config/Comments/EnableFilter\" $value=<<__filter__>>/>\n$description$\n</$button>\n\\end\n\n! Wiki Comments\n\n<$checkbox tiddler=\"$:/config/Comments/EnableWikiComments\" field=\"text\" checked=\"yes\" unchecked=\"no\" default=\"no\"> <$link to=\"$:/config/Comments/EnableWikiComments\">Allow wiki-level comments as well as tiddler comments</$link> </$checkbox>\n\n! Tiddler Comments\n\nThis filter expression determines which tiddlers will have commenting enabled:\n\n<$edit-text tiddler=\"$:/config/Comments/EnableFilter\" tag=\"input\"/>\n\nOr you can choose a preselected filter:\n\n* <<select \"All tiddlers except system tiddlers\" \"[all[current]!is[system]]\">>\n* <<select \"Only tiddlers tagged 'commentable'\" \"[all[current]tag[commentable]]\">>\n* <<select \"Disable all commenting\" \"\">>\n"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/filter-all-comments": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/filter-all-comments",
            "tags": "$:/tags/Filter",
            "filter": "[role[comment]!sort[modified]]",
            "description": "All comments",
            "text": ""
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/footer-view-template-segment": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/footer-view-template-segment",
            "tags": "$:/tags/ViewTemplate",
            "list-after": "$:/core/ui/ViewTemplate/body",
            "text": "<$list filter={{$:/config/Comments/EnableFilter}} variable=\"ignore\">\n<div class=\"tc-comments-segment\">\n<$transclude tiddler=\"$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/add-comment-button\" mode=\"inline\"/>\n<$transclude tiddler=\"$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/comments-template\" mode=\"inline\"/>\n</div>\n</$list>"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/header-view-template-segment": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/header-view-template-segment",
            "tags": "$:/tags/ViewTemplate",
            "list-before": "$:/core/ui/ViewTemplate/body",
            "text": "<$list filter=\"[all[current]role[comment]]\" variable=\"ignore\">\n<div class=\"tc-is-comment-header\">\nThis tiddler is a comment on:\n<ul>\n<$list filter=\"[list<currentTiddler>sort[title]]\">\n<li>\n<$link to=<<currentTiddler>>><$text text=<<currentTiddler>>/></$link>\n</li>\n</$list>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</$list>\n"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/readme": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/readme",
            "text": "This plugin provides a simple means for adding threaded comments to tiddlers.\n\n* Click the \"add comment\" button to make a new comment, and then click the \"save\" button to save it\n* You can comment on a tiddler itself, or add a comment to an existing comment\n* The sidebar tab ''Comments'' lists a timeline of all comments\n* Comments are attributed to the username stored in the system tiddler [[$:/status/UserName]]\n* By default, comments are available on all non-system tiddlers. The ''config'' tab lets you customise which tiddlers can accept comments by specifying a filter extension\n* The buttons for adding and editing comments are only available if the system tiddler [[$:/status/IsReadOnly]] is not set to `yes`\n* Use the \"All comments\" option in the $:/AdvancedSearch ''Filter'' tab to see or export all comments\n\n!! Data Model\n\nThe data model employed by the comments plugin is very simple:\n\n* Comment tiddlers are identified by the `role` field being set to `comment`\n* The `list` field of comment tiddlers lists the tiddlers to which this comment applies\n** It is thus possible for a comment to be applied to multiple tiddlers at once\n** The links between comments can be preserved when renaming them by using the relink checkbox in the edit template\n* The `edit-mode` field of comment tiddlers is set to `yes` to display it in edit mode, or `no` to display it in view mode\n* The `saved-text` field is updated when switching to edit mode so that it can be restored if the user cancels\n\n"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/sidebar-segment": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/sidebar-segment",
            "tags": "$:/tags/SideBarSegment",
            "list-after": "$:/core/ui/SideBarSegments/site-subtitle",
            "text": "<$reveal state=\"$:/config/Comments/EnableWikiComments\" type=\"match\" text=\"yes\" default=\"no\">\n<$tiddler tiddler=\"$:/SiteTitle\">\n<$transclude tiddler=\"$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/add-comment-button\" mode=\"inline\"/>\n</$tiddler>\n</$reveal>\n"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/sidebar": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/sidebar",
            "tags": "$:/tags/SideBar",
            "caption": "Comments",
            "text": "<div class=\"tc-timeline\">\n<$list filter=\"[all[tiddlers+shadows]role[comment]has[modified]!sort[modified]eachday[modified]]\">\n<div class=\"tc-menu-list-item\">\n<$view field=\"modified\" format=\"date\" template=\"DDth MMM YYYY\"/>\n<$list filter=\"[all[tiddlers+shadows]role[comment]sameday:modified{!!modified}!sort[modified]]\">\n<div class=\"tc-menu-list-subitem\">\n<$link>Comment by '<$view field=\"modifier\">(anonymous)</$view>'</$link> on\n<$list filter=\"[list<currentTiddler>sort[title]]\">\n<$link to=<<currentTiddler>>><$text text=<<currentTiddler>>/></$link>\n</$list>\n</div>\n</$list>\n</div>\n</$list>\n</div>\n"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/styles": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/styles",
            "tags": "[[$:/tags/Stylesheet]]",
            "text": "\\rules only filteredtranscludeinline transcludeinline macrodef macrocallinline\n\n.tc-is-comment-header {\n\tbackground: #c1e1e9;\n\tpadding: 0.25em;\n}\n\n.tc-comments-segment {\n\tborder-top: 2px solid #c1e1e9;\n}\n\n.tc-comment-button button {\n\twidth: 100%;\n\ttext-align: right;\n}\n\n.tc-sidebar-scrollable .tc-comment-button button {\n\twidth: auto;\n\ttext-align: right;\n}\n\n.tc-comment-button button svg {\n\tfill: #26cb56;\n\theight: 2em;\n\twidth: 2em;\n}\n\n.tc-comments {\n}\n\n.tc-comment-list {\n\tlist-style: none;\n     padding-left: 0;\n}\n\n.tc-comment-list .tc-comments {\n\tpadding-left: 1em;\n}\n\n.tc-comment-entry {\n\tborder: 1px solid #c1e1ea;\n\tmargin: 0.5em 0 0 0;\n\tbackground: #dbf6ff;\n}\n\n.tc-comment-entry-heading {\n\tfont-size: 0.7em;\n\tfont-weight: bold;\n\ttext-transform: uppercase;\n\tbackground: #c1e1ea;\n\tcolor: #5B6D80;\n\tpadding: 0 0.5em;\n}\n\n.tc-comment-entry-body {\n\tfont-size: 0.8em;\n\tpadding: 0 0.5em;\n}\n\n.tc-comment-entry-body textarea {\n\tfont-size: 1.1em;\n\twidth: 100%\n}\n"
        },
        "$:/tags/CommentToolbarButton": {
            "title": "$:/tags/CommentToolbarButton",
            "list": "[[$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/toolbar-button-cancel]] [[$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/toolbar-button-delete]] [[$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/toolbar-button-save]] [[$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/toolbar-button-edit]]"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/toolbar-button-cancel": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/toolbar-button-cancel",
            "tags": "$:/tags/CommentToolbarButton",
            "text": "<$reveal state=\"$:/status/IsReadOnly\" type=\"match\" text=\"no\" default=\"no\" tag=\"span\">\n<$reveal type=\"match\" state=\"!!edit-mode\" text=\"yes\">\n<$button>\n<$action-setfield $tiddler=<<currentTiddler>> $field=\"edit-mode\" $value=\"no\"/>\n<$action-setfield $tiddler=<<currentTiddler>> $field=\"text\" $value={{!!saved-text}}/>\ncancel\n</$button>\n</$reveal>\n</$reveal>\n"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/toolbar-button-delete": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/toolbar-button-delete",
            "tags": "$:/tags/CommentToolbarButton",
            "text": "<$reveal state=\"$:/status/IsReadOnly\" type=\"match\" text=\"no\" default=\"no\" tag=\"span\">\n<$reveal type=\"match\" state=\"!!edit-mode\" text=\"yes\">\n<$button>\n<$action-deletetiddler $tiddler=<<currentTiddler>>/>\ndelete\n</$button>\n</$reveal>\n</$reveal>\n"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/toolbar-button-edit": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/toolbar-button-edit",
            "tags": "$:/tags/CommentToolbarButton",
            "text": "<$reveal state=\"$:/status/IsReadOnly\" type=\"match\" text=\"no\" default=\"no\" tag=\"span\">\n<$reveal type=\"nomatch\" state=\"!!edit-mode\" text=\"yes\">\n<$button>\n<$action-setfield $tiddler=<<currentTiddler>> $field=\"edit-mode\" $value=\"yes\"/>\n<$action-setfield $tiddler=<<currentTiddler>> $field=\"saved-text\" $value={{!!text}}/>\nedit\n</$button>\n</$reveal>\n</$reveal>\n"
        },
        "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/toolbar-button-save": {
            "title": "$:/plugins/tiddlywiki/comments/toolbar-button-save",
            "tags": "$:/tags/CommentToolbarButton",
            "text": "<$reveal state=\"$:/status/IsReadOnly\" type=\"match\" text=\"no\" default=\"no\" tag=\"span\">\n<$reveal type=\"match\" state=\"!!edit-mode\" text=\"yes\">\n<$button>\n<$action-setfield $tiddler=<<currentTiddler>> $field=\"edit-mode\" $value=\"no\"/>\nsave\n</$button>\n</$reveal>\n</$reveal>\n"
        }
    }
}

<div class="tc-timeline">
<$list filter="[all[tiddlers+shadows]role[comment]has[modified]!sort[modified]eachday[modified]]">
<div class="tc-menu-list-item">
<$view field="modified" format="date" template="DDth MMM YYYY"/>
<$list filter="[all[tiddlers+shadows]role[comment]sameday:modified{!!modified}!sort[modified]]">
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Create a drop-down list of all recent : <<tag [[(a) Work in Progress - Major change]]>>

* ''We do not track extremely minor content changes'', such as fixing broken links, correcting typos, or improving the layout - members of the [[AMBIT Editorial Group]] work independently on these "housekeeping" tasks.
* ''Major changes'' require more "sign-off" than ''Minor changes''

!(a) Work in Progress - Major change
This is used to [[tag|Tags]] changes flowing from group discussions in the [[AMBIT Editorial Group]] and in order to be posted in the AMBIT manual they require a minimum of three members to agree, but to be properly accepted they require sign off from at the very least the significantly more for the highest level changes proposed.

The highest level of major changes mark a response to new evidence drawn from wider theoretical/experimental advances.  They generally mark a //significant change in direction// (the removal of one of the [[Specific interventions]], or addition of a new one, for instance; or a change to the [[Core Features of AMBIT]] represented in the [[AMBIT Wheel]].)

!(b) Work in Progress - Minor change
This [[tags|Tags]] changes that are generally new pages that introduce some small element of new theory of practice, or which are formed to better elaborate an existing area, but which do not represent any kind of fundamental shift in direction or practice - but are rather "clarifications" or "embellishments" on existing content.

For example:
* The response to a local outcomes evaluation by a local AMBIT-influenced team that demonstrates wide applicability for other teams, but comes without the assurance of a randomized controlled trial.  
* These changes are more likely to be smaller //components of practice//, or examples of stylistic approaches to a problem.
* The practice recommendation or "example" will be judged as marking a subtle shift in the direction of the "steer" that has previously been offered by the manual, although not one that - if all other things remaining unchanged - would be likely to have a significant impact on outcomes.
** For instance, the addition of video illustrating a technique for introducing the use of playing cards developed as a young persons' version of the [[AIM Cards]] - this (new) approach to the use of the cards (themselves an innovation from the AFC, building on the Clinician-rated [[AIM Form]]) was developed locally and evaluated locally in the AMASS team in Islington.  It was agreed in the Editorial Group that this approach, while without formal validation evidence, was worth sharing as by doing so there may be scope for a formal validation exercise.) 

Drop down list of all recent : <<tag [[(b) Work in Progress - Minor change]]>>

* ''We do not track extremely minor content changes'', such as fixing broken links, correcting typos, or improving the layout - members of the [[AMBIT Editorial Group]] work independently on these "housekeeping" tasks.
* ''Major changes'' require more "sign-off" than ''Minor changes''

!(a) Work in Progress - Major change
This is used to [[tag|Tags]] changes flowing from group discussions in the [[AMBIT Editorial Group]] and in order to be posted in the AMBIT manual they require a minimum of three members to agree, but to be properly accepted they require sign off from at the very least the significantly more for the highest level changes proposed.

The highest level of major changes mark a response to new evidence drawn from wider theoretical/experimental advances.  They generally mark a //significant change in direction// (the removal of one of the [[Specific interventions]], or addition of a new one, for instance; or a change to the [[Core Features of AMBIT]] represented in the [[AMBIT Wheel]].)

!(b) Work in Progress - Minor change
This [[tags|Tags]] changes that are generally new pages that introduce some small element of new theory of practice, or which are formed to better elaborate an existing area, but which do not represent any kind of fundamental shift in direction or practice - but are rather "clarifications" or "embellishments" on existing content.

For example:
* The response to a local outcomes evaluation by a local AMBIT-influenced team that demonstrates wide applicability for other teams, but comes without the assurance of a randomized controlled trial.  
* These changes are more likely to be smaller //components of practice//, or examples of stylistic approaches to a problem.
* The practice recommendation or "example" will be judged as marking a subtle shift in the direction of the "steer" that has previously been offered by the manual, although not one that - if all other things remaining unchanged - would be likely to have a significant impact on outcomes.
** For instance, the addition of video illustrating a technique for introducing the use of playing cards developed as a young persons' version of the [[AIM Cards]] - this (new) approach to the use of the cards (themselves an innovation from the AFC, building on the Clinician-rated [[AIM Form]]) was developed locally and evaluated locally in the AMASS team in Islington.  It was agreed in the Editorial Group that this approach, while without formal validation evidence, was worth sharing as by doing so there may be scope for a formal validation exercise.) 

<center>[img[AMBIT wheel 2014_SMALL]]<<imageMap MapWheel_2014>></center>

!What are you looking for?
!!!AMBIT basics
*[[AMBIT: an overview]]
*[[Mentalization]]
*[[AMBIT training]]

!!!AMBIT practice: balancing 4 quadrants in the wheel (& reminders from training)
----
<<tag [[Working with your CLIENT]]>>
* <<tag [[CLIENT exercises from AMBIT training]]>>
----
<<tag [[Working with your TEAM]]>>
*<<tag [[TEAM exercises from AMBIT training]]>>
----
<<tag [[Working with your NETWORKS]]>>
* <<tag [[NETWORK exercises from AMBIT training]]>>
----
<<tag [[LEARNING at work]]>>
* <<tag [[LEARNING exercises from AMBIT training]]>>
----

!!!Using this web manual
*''[[I want to learn about using this website|Using the Manual]]''
*''[[I want to look up a specific piece of information, or surf and browse|Find your way around]]''
!!!Editing your own team's learning:
*''[[I am authorized to edit to our local team's manual]]''
!!!Other...
*''[[None of the above!]]''

!Who is this manual for?
This manual is primarily for WORKERS, but it is OpenSource so that if clients or other interested parties are interested they are welcome to look, too - and some local teams encourage their clients to help them author new material, or improve existing pages.  See [[Who is this manual for?]] and [[Current versions of the AMBIT manual]]; that page is just one of the [[Comparing and Sharing functions]] that support AMBIT as a growing [[Community of Practice]]

!What is AMBIT?
[[AMBIT: an overview]] is a good place to start.

AMBIT is not really a standalone approach to "therapy", but is both something //more general// - an OpenSource approach to improving existing professional forms of help - and also something //more collaborative// - an endeavour by a [[Community of Practice]] that continues to [[learn|LEARNING at work]] and develop //more effective, acceptable and sustainable// ways of working.  However, AMBIT is based around the core theory and practices of [[Mentalization]] -
 a strongly evidence-based approach to organising therapy in a variety of ways, with a variety of difficulties, and is focused on applying these understandings systematically in four different directions:

* [[face to face work|Working with your CLIENT]]
* between [[team-members|Working with your TEAM]]
* across [[networks|Working with your NETWORKS]]
* in fostering a team culture of [[learning|LEARNING at work]]

!!!What kinds of problems invite AMBIT as a response?
<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/g2bk7sSKD-c" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

!Development work progressing!
Welcome to the first iteration of the newest theme (v.2.0) for the AMBIT manuals!

We are still in the middle of a major upgrade for these wiki-based manuals at the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, and over the coming months (From March 2018) you should start to see significant improvements at the user interface (faster to load, improved design and navigation, easier to edit, better display on mobile phones, etc.) as well as new or improved content based as ever on experiences from teams working in the field as well as developments in evidence and our experiences of creating a more "linear" story of AMBIT in the recently published [[book|Bevington, Fuggle, Cracknell and Fonagy (2017) Adaptive Mentalization Based Integrative Treatment: a guide for teams to develop systems of care. (Book, pub. OUP)]] of AMBIT.

''As ever, we crave [[Feedback please!]]''

!!!''Important Legal stuff''
There are important issues relating to [[Security and authorization]] to use this [[Licensed]] manual, and by going on into the manual you are agreeing to abide by the rules laid out.

!!!''Sponsors''
The AMBIT programme is grateful to numerous early [[Sponsors]], including Comic Relief, without whom this freely available resource would not be possible.  We still need help to support this OPEN RESOURCE!  If you would be happy to donate, visit https://www.annafreud.org or contact the AMBIT programme directly at ''ambit@annafreud.org''

----
!!''What's on this page?''
# START WORK ON ~PRE-DEFINED TASKS'
# START A NEW ~SUB-TOPIC
# CREATE BRAND NEW CONTENT
# IMPROVE EXISTING CONTENT
# REVIEW OUR EXISTING LOCAL EDITS
# Help!
!!''1. START WORK ON ~PRE-DEFINED TASKS'' 
*See existing  <<tag [[Local Manualization Homework Tasks]]>>
*''Create a NEW manualizing homework task'' by selecting the option  //"Create New Tiddler tagged ..."// in the drop-down list that appears when you click on the button.
!!''2. START A NEW ~SUB-TOPIC''
* Choose the option  //"Create New Tiddler tagged ..."// in the drop-down list that appears when you click on buttons below 
* This creates a new page as a new sub topic under that topic heading
** Check you are not DUPLICATING content (use [[Search]] or [[Tags]] to help)
** Think carefully about your new PAGE TITLE (see [[Guidelines on Page Titles]]) 
** <<tag [[Managing Risk]]>> - material related to managing risks in work with clients
** <<tag [[Manage CLIENT RELATIONSHIP]]>> - material on engagement or challenges in the relationship with your client
** <<tag [[Manage CLINICAL PROBLEM]]>> - material on challenges in the face to face work with clients
** <<tag [[Working with your NETWORKS]]>> - material on challenges in working across professional and informal helping networks
** <<tag [[Our Resources]]>> - a place to build a list of local resources available to a team (other agencies, charities, projects, sports centres, etc)
** <<tag [[OUR LOCAL Teamwork and Governance]]>> - material on how this team conducts its business (for instance, to stay [[boundaried|Boundaries]] and [[well-connected|Keyworker well-connected to wider team]])
** <<tag [[SUSTAIN best practice]]>> - material on how this team holds onto its [[LEARNING at work]] and keeps going
** <<tag [[Local AMBIT training session plans]]>> - material on local training updates, refreshers, or exercises that the team wants or needs to practice at a forthcoming [[AMBIT training]] refresher.
** <<tag [[Supervision Notes]]>> - use this tag to create notes on a team supervision if there are learning points that are of value (remember not to post any confidential information, just learning points on practice!)
!!''3. CREATE BRAND NEW CONTENT'' 
* To create brand new content for your team's manual
** Click on the  ''+'' icon on the Sidebar menu to open a new blank page (//see picture below//)
** Consider the Title you give your new page (see [[Guidelines on Page Titles]]) 
** Consider which topic(s) this new page might be a sub-topic of, or if it might have sub-topics of it's own - use [[Tags]] to organise this
|bgcolor(grey): <br> [img[Createnewpageicon.jpg]] <br><br> |
!!''4. IMPROVE EXISTING CONTENT''
** Your team has identified an area of your work that is not covered adequately in the manual, and want to
*** describe it in better terms
*** adapt it to fit your local culture, service ecology, etc.
** You may be in the wrong place!
*** Why not go to the page you've found that needs improving
*** [[Edit]] that page directly
*** Or click the ''More Actions''  button (top right corner of the page - see picture below) and select ''New Here'' to create a new page as a [[Sub-topic]] of the page you are on,
|bgcolor(grey): <br> [img[More Actions pic.jpg]] <br><br> |
!!''5. REVIEW OUR EXISTING LOCAL EDITS'' 
** If you are looking for what your team has //already manualized// you are in the wrong place
** Just look at the [[Sidebar]] and click the ''Recent'' tab - all local titles are labelled:
|bgcolor(grey): <br>[img[MarkLocalEdits.jpg]] <br>br> |
!!''6. Help!''
* See [[Manualization Boundaries]]: __''NB this is a TEAM TASK''__, not an individual team member's choice...
* See [[Video introduction to editing a tiddlymanual]] which demonstrates how to do this. 
* Tips on what to manualize? See existing <<tag [[Local Manualization Homework Tasks]]>> where outstanding manualization tasks for a local team are listed.
* ''Feedback'': we rely on hearing from you if stuff doesn't work or is not clear.  Contact ambit@annafreud.org or use the [[Feedback please!]] form to give technical reports of glitches, or other suggestions for improvements, please!

You may find it helpful to read two recent papers and a book chapter written about AMBIT: [[Fuggle et al (2014) The AMBIT approach to outcome evaluation and manualization: adopting a learning organization approach]], [[Bevington et al (2012) Adolescent Mentalization-Based Integrative Therapy (AMBIT)]], and [[Bevington D, Fuggle P (2012) Supporting and enhancing mentalization in community outreach teams...]] 

It may also be helpful for you to read the following pages in the manual: [[AMBIT: an overview]] and [[Core Features of AMBIT]]

See [[AMBIT training]] for all the details.

There are two main training options available for your consideration:

!!Training your whole team together
Multi-team trainings are aimed at small teams (of 5-16 members) from either the voluntary or statutory sector, and will be based at the [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]]. Small teams are trained together with other teams of roughly the same size. The course is delivered in two blocks of two consecutive days (four days in total). We allow a month or so between the two parts to allow teams time to put what they have learned into practice. 

This standard four day team training costs £400 per person and voluntary sector teams will receive up to a 50% discount based on annual income. 

Bespoke training dates can be organised for larger teams (>16 members). Prices start from £6,400 and will vary depending on the size of the team and the location of the training (at the [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]] or at a venue of your choice). 

Please see the [[Centre's website|http://www.annafreud.org/training-research/training-and-conferences-overview/training-at-the-anna-freud-national-centre-for-children-and-families/ambit-multi-team-training/]] or contact [[Billie Delaney|mailto:billie.delaney@annafreud.org]] for upcoming dates or more information. 

!!Training two local trainers to train their colleagues in turn
The Train the Trainer AMBIT model is designed to make training more sustainable and affordable for teams; two members in a team are given an extensive five day AMBIT training which includes training on how to run trainings for the rest of their team. These local trainers are then supported in implementing the approach in their team through supervision sessions for twelve months following training. The cost of this training is £2,000 per person (a minimum of 2 people per team must attend) and voluntary sector teams will receive up to a 50% discount based on annual income. 

Please see the [[Centre's website|http://www.annafreud.org/courses.php/112/ambit-train-the-trainer]] or contact [[Billie Delaney|mailto:billie.delaney@annafreud.org]] for upcoming dates for this type of training.

See the [[AMBIT Training Application Process]]. One of the first stages of either training option is to organise a meeting or telephone conversation between an AMBIT Trainer from the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, and your Team and Service Manager(s) to discuss your training needs further. After being introduced to the model, our hope is that Managers will then be able to continue on to engage their team members in a discussion about learning objectives before any training commences, with the aim of shaping the training content to the needs of the team. 
Please contact [[Billie Delaney|mailto:billie.delaney@annafreud.org]] to go ahead with organising such a meeting.

AMBIT training can be delivered at your location. This is generally more suitable for larger teams (>16).

Please note that as well as paying for the training itself, your team must also cover trainer expenses including travel and accommodation, and you must provide the training venue. 

Prices start from £6,900 for up to 16 people. Contact [[Billie Delaney|mailto:billie.delaney@annafreud.org]] for a quote.

We don’t routinely run AMBIT trainings outside of the UK, but we are sometimes commissioned by overseas teams to run bespoke trainings for them.

Depending on the number of staff to be trained in your service, it may be possible for us to run a bespoke overseas training. However, there is a £500 surcharge on overseas trainings, and as well as paying for the training itself, your team must also cover trainer expenses including travel and accommodation. 

Another option is for two members of your team to attend the an International Train the Trainer Event, at the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London. See the [[Centre's website|http://www.annafreud.org/courses.php/113/ambit-train-the-trainer-for-international-teams]] or contact [[Billie Delaney|mailto:billie.delaney@annafreud.org]] for upcoming dates for this type of training.

See [[International Train the Trainer (TTT) Model]] for the curriculum.

The Train the Trainer model is designed to make training more sustainable and affordable for teams; two or more members in a team are given an extensive five day AMBIT training which includes training on how to run trainings for the rest of their team. These local trainers are then supported in implementing the approach in their team through supervision led by the AMBIT project for twelve months following training.

The training price for the 5 day training, plus monthly supervision for 12 months is £2,000 per person (a mininum of 2 team members per team must attend the training). 

Contact [[Billie Delaney|mailto:billie.delaney@annafreud.org]] if you are interested in attending.

[[Guidance for Teams Considering Applying for Training]] can be found on the manual. 

We only train teams that we believe will benefit from AMBIT training, and be able to translate the training experience into sustainable and effective changes in practice. One of the ways that we determine, together with you, whether AMBIT is right for your team is to organise a telephone conversation or meeting between an AMBIT Trainer from the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, and your Team and Service Manager(s) to introduce you to the model, and to discuss your training needs further. We then ask teams to take part in a [[team audit|Pre-training team audit]] together, to discover what your learning objectives are.

Contact [[ambit@annafreud.org|mailto:ambit@annafreud.org]] if you have any further queries.

Where MBT is a very specific therapy, AMBIT is a much broader therapeutic approach.  Some people have described AMBIT as "pretherapy" - but contained within AMBIT are manualized versions of a wide range of evidence-based approaches, including simple CBT, simple versions of MBT, MBT-F, Motivational work etc.  The core training is for TEAMS and allows them to adapt how they use the materials in their own clinical setting.

To find out the difference between the different mentalization based courses that are offered at the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families there is an information sheet on the [[Centre's website|http://www.annafreud.org/data/files/Courses/CAI/MBT_courses_info_sheet.pdf]]

If you decide after reading the documents that the MBT training may be more suitable for you and you wish to find out more about this course or any other course that the [[Centre runs|http://www.annafreud.org/courses.php/]] then please contact [[Billie Delaney|mailto:billie.delaney@annafreud.org]]

!Keeping assessment integrated:
''NB Section A below is the least necessary information gathering activity that a KeyWorker will need to undertake in situations where an Education/Vocational Centre provision does //not// exist.'' 

The intention is always to integrate as much of the young person’s education/vocational realities into the overall treatment package to avoid the splitting that commonly exists between education and mental health services.

There is an [[Educational-Vocational Engagement Phase Flowchart]].
!SECTION A
''Preliminary information gathering and arrangements for attendance:''
!!!If young person is School Age (<16yrs):
(a) ''If attending school'':
Gather information from the YP and/or their family about their current education situation:
##Which school? Address? Phone number? Email address?
##What year?
##Name of tutor/head of year/SENCO?
##Position in relation to public examinations?
##Status of any course work/ deadlines missed or pending?
(b) ''If not attending school'':
##Who in the education service is, or should be, responsible for their education provision? 
##Education Welfare Officer? 
##Educational Psychologist involved? 
##Learning mentor?
##Extend information by contacting relevant education professionals in the young person's school or college. Potentially the tutor, head of year, or SENCO (Special Educational Needs Cooordinator), in the first instance.
##Education history from records and teacher knowledge.
##Any Statement of Special Educational Needs? 
###Current? 
###In the past? 
###Being applied for? 
##Academic performance? 
###Any pattern of deterioration?
##Knowledge about family circumstances? Any significant events/crises?
##Siblings/relatives in school?
##Peer group relationships? Friendship group? Isolation? History and any recent changes? Bullying? Drugs? 
##Relationships with teaching staff?
##Relationships with ancillary staff? 
##Public examination status? 
##Course work situation, deadlines missed or pending?
##Other professionals or agencies known to be involved?
(d) ''School-age but not currently attending school:''
Information can be gathered from main school teachers, particularly the SENCO, as well as from Education Welfare Officers, Educational Psychologists, Learning Mentors or Connexions Personal Advisors (responsible for working with 13 to 19 year olds).
##How long out of school? 
##Any legal action current or being contemplated?
## attempts to reengage YP in school? Who involved? What happened? Family participation/support?
##Current alternative education provision or attempt at provision?
##Other professionals or agencies known to be involved? Social Services, G.P.?
##Is there information about any previous exclusions and reports written for school governors?
!!!If above School Age:
##What educational level achieved? 
###Exam results
###Basic literacy/numeracy skills
##Current employment status?
##Vocational Schemes, training, higher educational training?
##Aspirations regarding career and further educational opportunities?
!Engagement
Negotiation will need to take place between the KeyWorker and the young person, to get to (or be brought to) the Education/Vocational Centre.  
##See [[Motivational Work]]
##See [[Engagement techniques]] for further detail.
##If the initial information gathering/liaison exercise turns up a significant professional or family member for the young person, they may be persuaded to accompany the young person on the first one or two occasions to the Education/Vocational Centre.
!SECTION B
''Key tasks and activities during first two weeks of actual attendance.'' - see an [[Example timetable during engagement phase]]
(a) ''Educational Assessment''
Educational tasks and activities to be given to the young person during teaching sessions to complement information already obtained from teachers and other education professionals. Because of individual or small group context the information gained will be both current and potentially more detailed than may have been available before.
National Curriculum levels in Literacy and Numeracy could be obtained, as well as getting a basic Reading Age.
A whole range of educational or psychometric tests could be used as deemed necessary for more detailed assessment profile.
(b) ''Social Assessment''
This is carried out by observing the YP in a range of contexts and activities in the education centre.
**Relationship with peers - observed in formal, semi-structured and informal contexts.
**Formal - observation of relationships in small group tightly structured teaching situations
**Semi-structured - observation in less formal activities drama, art, cooking etc.
**Informal - observation in breaks and free time around the education centre.
**Relationships with authority figures - observations made in similar contexts to above and in addition, during one-to-one conversations.
**Relationship to learning - observations made in teaching situations.
It is important to note that much information that will contribute to both the educational and social assessment will be derived from the "routine" teaching context. Everything that the young person does during this assessment phase shouldn't look only like assessment.
(c) ''Family Assessment'' 
As appropriate, relevant family members will be encouraged to participate in elements of the education programme. This will provide opportunities to observe relationships between the young person and their family in a range of contexts not normally available either on home visits or in mainly structured family interviews. The contexts will be based on both individual family as well as multi family activities. The information obtained will be additional to that gained in regular family interviews.
(d) ''Individual Assessment''
The young person will be withdrawn from the education programme group for individual interviews as necessary.

A lively conversation, sharing knowledge of AMBIT-influenced ways to engage with young people:

*Sharing a bit of ''me''. Purposeful self-disclosure. Balancing risk.
*Engaging young people "where they're at"
**physically - meeting in a place that is right for the young person - McDonalds and parks vs clinics and offices. Perhaps with a plan to gradually transition to a more conventional clinical or helping space.
**Psychologically - "Getting it"
*Finding ways to "step out of chaos", to reduce affect: 
**activity (e.g. talking whilst playing pool)
**speaking in the car (reduced expectation of eye contact)
*Language that encourages mentalizing, e.g. "I'm interested to hear..."
*Language to share - tentatively - our own thoughts (see [[Broadcasting Intentions]]) e.g. "I guess my perspective is.... what's yours?"
*Importance of worker being "thick skinned"
**After further discussion it was considered that what was being referred to here was a maintenance of mentalizing capacity in the worker - in the sense of the worker being able to remain curious about the mental states underlying what might feel like difficult behaviours in a young person, not taking this behaviour "personally".
 

Unconferencers concluded that there were several strategies here which are rather different to traditional therapy or helping, and coined the term "Untherapy" to describe this!

As AMBIT is a constantly developing model, we are always interested in new research possibilities, and our emphasis on [[Respect for Evidence]] means that we encourage [[Monitoring OUTCOMES]] and would be keen to pool results fro across teams. 

However, we do currently (2015) have 3 doctorate studies underway; University College London PhD students are currently researching different aspects of AMBIT including Worker experience, Client outcomes, and Team outcomes. 

Therefore please contact [[ambit@annafreud.org|mailto:ambit@annafreud.org]] with your research suggestion, so that we can see how this project could fit into our current ongoing research projects.

No!

AMBIT is a team approach, therefore the training is only available to teams and not individuals. As an individual, you may be interested [[in other short courses|http://www.annafreud.org/courses.php/]] that the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families runs. To find out more please contact [[Billie Delaney|mailto:billie.delaney@annafreud.org]]

AMBIT is a developing model of practice, and as such the evidence-base for its effectiveness is far from robust, even though early signs are encouraging. 

See [[Evidence]], [[Is AMBIT evidence based?]] and [[Academic references]] pages on the manual for more information.

We see attending conferences to speak about AMBIT, as a good way to advertise the approach to others, therefore we may be able to provide speakers, and we don’t aim to make a profit from such events. However, we do need to cover our costs so usually charge the raw cost of the speaker’s time, plus any travel and accommodation costs involved. Please contact [[Billie Delaney|mailto:billie.delaney@annafreud.org]] with speaker requests.

Although the AMBIT course was originally created for teams working with complex adolescents, it has now broadened to teams working with complex cases in general - and we have trained those working with families, early years, and young adults as well as adolescents. The material on the manual is sometimes more geared towards working with adolescents, however, the idea of the manual is for it to be customised by local teams so that the material works for their own client population.

AMBIT is really a set of Core Principles (the [[Core Features of AMBIT]]) which, integrated via the theory of [[Mentalization]] and other major [[theories|Theory]], offers a platform for local teams to develop evidence-based, or at least evidence-oriented practice.

We have a pricing structure that is designed to keep prices to an absolute minimum, as we know that access to training budgets for whole teams is imited.  The pricing structure does get updated fairly regularly - not least because we are constantly updating and adapting the ways that we deliver training to get maximum value for money, so please check with [[ambit@annafreud.org|mailto:ambit@annafreud.org]] for the most up to date pricing structure.

We offer discounts to voluntary sector teams of up to 50% based on annual income.

If you are part of a large team and it is too costly to send the whole team to a training, then our  [[Train the Trainer AMBIT model|http://www.annafreud.org/training/training-and-conferences-overview/training-at-the-anna-freud-national-centre-for-children-and-families/ambit-train-the-trainer/]] may be an option to consider; the cost of this training is £2,000 per person (a minimum of 2 people per team must attend) and voluntary sector teams will still receive up to a 50% discount based on annual income. 

We are happy to consider top up training requests, but would also like to think with you about whether the AMBIT Leads from your service could assist in the delivery of top up trainings.  An example curriculum is provided here [[Follow-up training for established teams]] but this is highly adaptable to suit the needs of the team.

We are very keen to encourage conversations between teams, as AMBIT seeks to promote and support a vital [[Community of Practice]] - so we encourage relations between teams to continue once training has been completed. The AMBIT manual is just one of the ways that we encourage teams to share their local knowledge and practice with each other.

Contact [[Billie Delaney|mailto:billie.delaney@annafreud.org]] who will contact a team similar to yours to see if they would be happy for their contact details to be passed on. 

!Intervention
As the educational assessment becomes completed there is an increased capacity to tailor the academic/vocational element of the programme more specifically to meet the needs of the young person. 

There is an [[Education-Vocation Intervention phase - Example timetable and Flowchart]].

This may involve more public exam work or support for course work. Alternatively, it may become clear that more sophisticated teaching delivery is required in relation to a YP's specific learning difficulty. This may entail intensive literacy or numeracy input.

Equally, as the social assessment information becomes available, the individual and family targets and objectives will become clearer and the programme can be adjusted accordingly.

The basic structure of the sample timetable above will remain the same but with an increasing emphasis on making the necessary connections with the young person's future placement after leaving the Education/Vocational Centre. This may involve meetings with the school, further education college or work experience placement professionals. The Connexions Personal Advisers will be particularly useful in helping to facilitate this transition as they have the responsibility for working with young people to help them negotiate any of these moves.

The young person should reduce attendance at the Education/Vocational Centre to 3 sessions per week at some stage during the second phase. This is to support their reintegration back to school or their transition into college or work experience placement whilst they are still part of the Education/Vocational Centre programme and available to get the most support from it.

An unconferencer posed the challenging question "Do you mentalize at home?". This led to a conversation about the extent to which is it possible to sign up to ideas about the importance and helpfulness of efforts to maintain a mentalizing stance in one's work but not carry forward this philosophy in to one's personal life. This thinking about personal self opened up conversations about mentalizing that were rather different to those we often have. Participants shared their experiences of failures of mentalizing in conflict with loved ones, and of how the emotions involved in intimate relationships make inevitable such failures. The idea was put forward that a couple that does not ever argue might be in [[Pretend mode]], in failing to acknowledge and address differences and difficulties. There was acknowledgement of how much more //comfortable// non-mentalizing positions can be at times, leading us to avoid mentalized positions even when we have become aware that is likely that we are in a non-mentalizing frame of mind:
*Sometimes we just want to be RIGHT, so certainty, or [[Psychic equivalence]] is the ideal position
*Sometimes we don't want to acknowledge things: [[Pretend mode]] works nicely
*Sometimes [[Teleological thinking]] is easiest and quickest (at least in the short term!)

!@@color(red):NB this is a sample Care plan@@

!LIKELY CRISES and CONTINGENCY PLANS:
(a) Comes home drunk - avoid confrontation, speak calmly, agree to do our talking in the morning. 
(b) Becomes aggressive at home - clear verbal warning first, remind about the agreed plan, if no de-escalation within 3 mins, call Police.

!PLANNED CARE
#[[Cognitive Behavioural]] to address [[Depression]] and [[Anxiety]] early on.  By: [date] Responsible: ANOther
#Regular monitoring of RiskAssessment - mainly risk of suicide/self injury. By: [date] Responsible: ANOther
#Liaise with School - encourage graded re-introduction. By: [date] Responsible: ANOther
#etc...

!This is a SAMPLE ...delete it

Focus on family relationships.  Reduce mother's tendency to escalate and amplify X's own frusrations.
Mentalizing approaches
End with clear contingency plan for what to do when X is getting upset.

The group thought about biological, neurodevelopmental and social factors impacting states of mind in adolescents:

*Neurodevelopment - mentalizing capacity is fragile, fight or flight is strong
*Importance of transition: am I an adult yet? does this society view me as an adult? Loss of childhood? Mismatch between expectations and responsibilities and level of freedom/agency - mixed messages given
*Tendency to view young people as //bad// not //sad//
*Development of sexuality and implicit message that this is bad
*Uncertainty around multiple changes occurring, changing expectations
*Importance of understanding individual differences
*Difficulties and differences in help seeking and response to offers of "help"
*Do all adult workers understand these issues?
*Exams, decisions, stress!

!Background to Referring Crisis
Sixteen year old Darren was referred to the team by his family and friends, who had become extremely anxious and frightened by his abnormal behaviour during the past six hours. 

He was a member of the local youth theatre and was performing in a production they were putting on at a local theatre. He had turned up for the show late and clearly under the influence of cannabis and alcohol. He was in an agitated state but insisted that he was all right to go on. Very quickly it became clear that he was not fit to continue as he was standing on the stage staring blankly around him disrupting the whole performance. He resisted attempts to persuade him to leave and had to be physically carried off. He did not calm down and had to be restrained when he started to bang his head repeatedly against the dressing room wall. He said he could hear voices telling him to kill himself. His family was called but neither his mother nor father was willing to come. However, his younger brother turned up to take him home. It took the two youth theatre leaders, one of Darren's friends and his brother to chaperone him back to his house. When his condition continued to deteriorate into the night the KW was called.
 
Because Darren was so agitated and a danger to himself and threatening violence particularly to his brother, in consultation with the psychiatrist the Keyworker decided to medicate him.
!Education Liaison - 
During the next three days whilst the KW was doing intense work with Darren and his family in the home, the Education/Vocational Centre teacher/therapist contacted the SENCO of his school. She found out that Darren had a long history of disaffection and truancy since his transfer from primary school. However when he was at school he had been very good at drama and music and was said to be a talented drummer. He had poor relationships with most of the school staff but was well liked by one drama teacher who had encouraged him to join the youth theatre. He was in the middle of his GCSE final year but was way behind in virtually all of his course work and was in danger of not being entered for any of his exams. He was said to have no real friends at school and was described as a loner and a bit of an "oddball". In contrast, the SENCO said that Darren's younger brother was a high achiever, sporty and popular. The SENCO had only met Darren's mother but had been alarmed by her highly critical manner of talking about him.

On the fourth day, the KW felt confident enough that Darren's condition had stabilised sufficiently for him to be brought to the Education/Vocational Centre.

!Education/Vocational Centre Attendance: Phase One
(See [[1. Educational-Vocational Engagement and Assessment]])
During the first two-week assessment period the following key observations were gathered:
*Educational Assessment
Darren was initially very reluctant to participate in any areas of the educational programme. However once he did start to engage it was possible to carry out a reading test which showed that he had a reading age of 9.5. This clearly showed why he would have difficulties accessing the secondary school curriculum. Further testing showed that he had some word recognition difficulties consistent with a mild form of dyslexia. His numeracy skills were average for his age. He talked about his liking for drama but mainly focused on his ambition to be a professional drummer.
*Social Assessment
At first he would only stay in the Education/Vocational Centre if the KW promised to stay with him. He would not join in any activities at all for the first three days but stayed on the fringes covertly observing what was going on. He was surly but not aggressive in his manner towards the staff. He kept his hood up during this phase.
In the break periods he was gradually encouraged to talk by one of the other young people in the group. After day four he slowly started to participate in the education programme. Once his hood came down it became increasingly easy to sustain a conversation with him for short periods.

He could not be taught in a group with anyone else because he would "wind up" others to the point that violence would either happen or be threatened.
After initial reluctance he would agree to be taught one-to-one and would be relatively co-operative. He would quickly become discouraged if he could not be successful with a piece of work straight away and would frequently tear something up if it was less than perfect in his eyes.
*Family Assessment 
The KW persuaded Darren's mother to attend some of the multi family group meetings. She was consistently critical of him and blamed him for all the trouble that he had caused the family. Darren became totally withdrawn and silent during these meetings. His younger brother came to one meeting. He was also critical of Darren and complained about how embarrassed he felt about having an older brother who showed him up at school.
In the individual family meetings which were attended by all the family including Darren's father, it appeared that Darren's breakdown or illness had had the effect of bringing together what had formerly been a fairly disconnected family. Harshness, criticism and mutual blame characterised the family communication patterns.
*Individual Assessment
Darren engaged well with his individual therapy and talked about his feelings of being a failure and about his anger towards everybody in his family. He said that he had felt suicidal in the past but currently had no such thoughts. He said that he wanted to get his life together and make a career for himself as a drummer.
!Education/Vocational Centre Attendance: Phase Two
(See [[2. Educational-Vocational Intervention and Transition]])

A literacy programme was devised to specifically help Darren with his reading difficulties.

Through connections with the school SENCO curriculum relevant to his GCSE subjects was brought to the Education/Vocational Centre for Darren to do. He was helped to organise himself so that he would be able to take four of the GCSEs that it was still possible for him to enter. The SENCO also arranged for him to slowly reintegrate into the school first of all via the drama lessons but with a plan to increase as his confidence and self esteem improved.

In the [[MultiFamilyWork]] meetings other members of the group started to challenge Darren's mother about the amount of criticism that she aimed in his direction. She began to talk about her feelings of guilt and frustration and how she had felt unable to help Darren. She had always known he had more problems with his schoolwork than his brother but hadn't been able to get anybody to offer any help.
 
She and Darren created targets for each other; significantly, she would try to be less critical and he would try to stop winding up his brother.

In YP group meetings the others in the programme were able to see behind Darren's "loner presentation" and were able to help him to face up to his avoidance behaviour as well as supporting him in his feelings of anger about his family's lack of understanding and support.

Peer group relationships around the Education/Vocational Centre improved significantly as Darren reduced his winding up behaviour towards others.

The family meetings also focused on the negative ways that everybody related to each other. Cross-generational patterns were relevant for both Darren's mother and father. Strains in the marital relationship were discussed in separate couple sessions. Darren and his brother were able to resolve some of their jealousies and rivalries to a limited extent.

In his individual sessions Darren switched between more pragmatic work in relation to his fears about drug and alcohol misuse and deeper issues related to his feelings of hopelessness and inadequacy.

Through links with the youth theatre leaders, Darren was encouraged to take up drumming lessons with a local musician.

At the end of the three months he had returned to school part time, was not misusing alcohol or cannabis and reported that he had not heard any voices since soon after the initial crisis.

A conversation about AMBIT-influenced approaches to working with young people who offend. Some keys thoughts emerging from this conversation:

*Remembering to "peel the banana" - What you see (the offending behaviour) is just the skin but what's underneath?
**how did young person get into this situation? What created the context where this behaviour made sense?
***remembering importance of trauma
**offender as victim
**grooming
**repeating experiences of being "let down" - a cycle: feeling let down -> offending -> response to offending -> feeling let down
*Encouraging young people to mz the victim? But, //first//, self
*mentalizing and gangs
**gangs as anxiety-infused systems
**risk of "us and them" thinking leading to dis-integration
**identifying the key figures in the system with whom to hold [[Connecting Conversations]]
**systemic interventions, helping gangs to make sense of - and navigate - helping services
**good ability to develop epistemic trust

Participants offered some favourite definitions of mentalizing:
*Seeing situations from another person's perspective
*understanding BEHAVIOUR - and the function of it - that of others and of ourselves
*seeing life through someone else's eyes - in order to understand behaviour

Then, participants shared some language they use to promote mentalizing in others:
*"What might it be like for your mum seeing you like this?"
*"If you were a fly on the wall/an alien/an outsider what you think/say about this?"
*Mirroring
*Modelling mentalizing - sharing our thoughts, sharing the experiences of others, pair work (modelling mentalizing conversations in the room), canine work

Thoughts on how to create the conditions for a young person to get their mentalizing going:
*change environment
*Wait until affect lowered before attempting. Time out. Choose your moments - you might want to have the conversation now, but it is going to be better in the long run to wait until a time when the young person is in a mental state 
*Change subject - to lower affect (have a contract in advance about managing this. Agreement about use of humour)
*sensitive attunement - giving the experience of being mentalized -> epistemic trust

This is a guide on how to edit your teams manual. It covers; creating new pages, editing existing content as well as adding tags and links. For more information about using the manual and how to navigate your way around the site, please see [[A Guide to Using the Manual|A Guide to Using the Manual]].  If you come into any difficulties with the manual or just have a question about the manual, please contact ambit@annafreud.org

!!''1. Creating a New Page''
To create a new page click the + sign to the right of the homepage.                                                                 


[img[Edit 1.JPG]]<<imageMap>> 

Then using the icons to the top right, we can either // ’delete this tiddler//’,  // ‘Discard changes to this tiddler’// or   ‘//Confirm/save changes to this tiddler//’.

!!''2. Edit an Existing Page''
Find the page you wish to edit using the row of contents at the top of the homepage or the search engine to the right hand side. Once open, select the //‘pen icon’// and the page will open in the same format as when you create a new page. 

[img[Edit 2.JPG]]
 

!!''3. Adding Tags''
[img[Edit 4.JPG]]

!!''4. Adding Links''
When editing or creating a new page, highlight a word or phrase that you wish to link, then click the ‘//link icon//’ (chain link) and search for the topic/page you wish to link this to. When selected, this will create a link from the chosen word or phrase to the relevant page.

[img[Edit 5.JPG]]

!! 5. Sharing your work with colleagues
{{ht.JPG}}

Use the crazy looking hashtag just above the search engine to copy the URL of the current pages you have open to your clipboard. If you then right click in an email or document and select paste, the URL will be pasted and you can share the link with your colleagues. This function means that you can direct your colleagues to specific pages, so if you wanted to share the page that was created at the last team meeting for everyone to review, you can link them directly to this page!

{{URL.JPG}}

-----
!!!Useful Links
*[[Fitting what you ADD into what is ALREADY THERE in your manual]]

The purpose of this page is to help users navigate their way through the online Manual and to better understand some of its quirks. 

''Things to remember:''

*Each team has their own manual; within this manual is all of the Core AMBIT content which includes all the material from the training and more.
*With practice and research adapting and growing all the time, the core content is regularly updated and edited by the AMBIT project team - when this happens the most recently added pages/edits will appear under the ‘//Changes//’ tab to the right hand side of the homepage.
*If you make changes and edit your team's manual, these changes will appear in your manual only. Your team's local pages are listed, again, to the right hand side of the homepage under '''Changes''' then click '''Local'''.



!!''Step 1 - Finding the Manual & Homepage''
Go to https://manuals.annafreud.org/ or use google to search ‘AFC manuals’. Once on the welcome page, click the arrow where it says ‘More’ under AMBIT and find your teams manual from the list.

[img[4.JPG]]

!!''Step 2 - Navigating the Manual''
Once you have located and selected your teams manual it will open with the homepage //'[[Getting Started|+ Getting started]]'//, as below. To navigate the manual, you can either use the menu bar/row of contents at the top of the homepage or the search engine to the right of the homepage, to search to specific topics. 

[img[1.JPG]]


 

!!''Step 3 - Opening & Closing Pages''


Use the icons at the top right of the tiddler to close the page, access more information on the page (such as who wrote it), or expand/reduce the page.


[img[2.JPG]]


!!''Step 4 - Links''
In each page you will notice that there are various words in other colours, which act as Links. The links open pages to elaborate upon the word or phrase highlighted. For example, within ‘//[[Sculpting a Network|Sculpting a network]]’// if you select ''‘Training Exercises’'' this  would open the page on training exercises. 
[img[Using3.JPG]]


!!''Step 5 - Tags''
Tags (yellow pills) can be used to navigate you to other existing and related pages. If you click on the yellow tag a list of all pages with the tag will drop down.


[img[Using4.JPG]]


Using //’[[Mentalization|Mentalization]]//’ as an example, if we click on the tag// ‘Attachment’,// a list of all tiddlers with this tag would appear, as below:


[img[Using5.JPG]]

If we select// ‘Attachment Behaviours’// this tiddler would open and would also have an //‘Attachment’// tag.


[img[Using6.JPG]]


!!//Hints//

*It is helpful to keep the// ‘Getting started’// page open so that you can refer back to the AMBIT wheel easily, if needs be.

*It is good to keep track of which tiddlers you have open. You can close tiddlers when you are finished with them or keep them open so that you know which ones you have read or visited.  

*To find out more about editing the manual please see [[A Guide to Editing the Manual |A Guide to Editing the Manual]]or contact the ambit team with any queries. ambit@annafreud.org

This is a common example of a [[Training Challenge]] (a less off-putting term for 'homework') set in a [[Cognitive Behavioural]] approach.

''THE PURPOSE OF DIARY KEEPING IN CBT''
Sometimes diary keeping is carried out without being clear what the purpose of diary keeping is. As an approach CBT is concerned with trying to enable the young person to make changes in their daily life and is less focussed on changes that take place in the therapy itself. Diary keeping is a method of trying to connect the therapy sessions with real events in the young person's life. One of the ways that the young person's life is kept at a distance from the therapy is by the young person providng vague, general statements about themselves and the events of their week. For example atypical enquiry can go as follows. 'How are you?' 'Okay'. 'How has your week been? 'Okay'. 'Been out much?' 'A bit' 'Had any good days?' 'Not sure'. etc Such general evaluative statemetns are of little value in CBT. It can be similar when the statements are negative e.g 'How has your week been?' 'Shit'. The purpose of diary keeping is rarely to obtain a comprehensive picture of the whole week's events but more to locate one specific event that can then be explored in more detail as a way of getting these general statements.  

Most young people find keeping a diary record of what happens during the week very hard to do. Do not be discouraged by this but be extremely practical about how to encourage young person to begin to keep very simple records of what has happened in between sessions. 

''Start with a simple frequency diary''. This simply asks the young person to notice whether a certain thing happneded on a particular day. For example, having a row with a parent. Getting the young person to notice if this happened each day. In practice, at the following session, the young person may turn up without any record etc and you may need to go through the week asking for each day. What may be very helpful is to get interested in the days that NO ROWS took place.

Nowadays, young people can ''use mobile phones'' or other IT equipment to keep records of things. For some young people I have suggested they write a quick text message to themselves as a reminder of something that happened. There may be circumstances that it is appropriate to have an arrangement for the young person to text the therapist as a record keeping task. This can be excellent but needs to be set up with very clear task boundaries so that young people do not expect a therapist response to all such messages.  

if you have suggested a diary task, it is ''CRUCIAL'' that you are very interested in what the young person has done around this at the following session. If you minimise or forget, you model the very behaviour which you are trying to change. 

If the young person is able to do some frequency diary work, it may be possible to move on to doing more complex diary work using an ABC format (see below). This allows for a close analysis of the possible [[Reinforcement]] of particular behvaiours, and the design of new [[Contingencies]] that might help to //reduce// the reinforcement of undesired behaviours, and //increase// the reinforcement of desired behaviours. The purpose of this is twofold. Firstly, it may provide some ideas about how negative behaviours are being encouraged by their consequences. Secondly, it may help the young person to see 'patterns of interactions' rather than just being dominated by own feelings and thoughts.  

*Ask the young person to keep a diary sheet, either simply recording daily drug/alcohol consumption (or any other behaviour that is targetted, such as self-injury) or, preferably, (as it gathers more information to work with) recording ''__A, B, C__'';

!A = Antecedents
What came ''just before'' the target behaviour (e.g. smoking the joint/the aggressive outburst/etc) - //"Where were you? Who else was there? What were you thinking? What do you remember feeling?/etc."// (It is easy to see that thinking about these things is getting close to [[Mentalizing]].)


!B = Behaviours
What ''actually happened''? (e.g. smoked 1, 2, 3 joints...)


!C = Consequences
What happened ''afterwards?''  Think of short term effects (fun? paranoia? fights? Police?) and longer term effects (parental arguments, trouble at school...) - see [[Weighing Pros and Cons]] for more ideas on this.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This is a neurodevelopmental disorder - the common core features of ADHD are:

*Attention problems (distractibility, difficulty staying on task)
*Impulsivity (the opposite of looking before you leap)
*Hyperactivity (high levels of physical energy and movement - "like a motor always on the go")

!Comorbidities
ADHD is associated with a wide range of other difficulties (co-morbidities), including:
* [[Conduct problems]]
* Educational under-achievement
* Disorganisation
* Low self esteem
* [[SubstanceUseDisorder]]
* Family dysfunction

In adolescence (as opposed to younger childhood) it is not uncommon that the main difficulties expienced are related less to the "core deficits" (Attention, Activity, Impulse control) and more to the "satellite problems" that arise as co-morbidities.  

!Treatment

Prescribing medication is the mainstay of treatment at earlier ages, alongside work with the family, school, and young person to help manage behaviours and associated mood problems.   Treatment may take the form of ''controlled drugs'' such as methylphenidate (a "Stimulant" drug, that seems to preferentially stimulate the frontal area of the brain, boosting the "executive" part of the brain that controls decision-making, and reduces impulsivity.  This treatment may be difficult at older ages.  This is particularly so if it is those co-morbidities that are now the main problem, and in general starting treatment late is much less effective than starting it earlier in the life course, with a view to helping establish good peer and family relations, improved school performance, and better self esteem.  

If [[SubstanceUseDisorder]] is a problem this makes use of the "stimulant" medications such as methylphenidate even more difficult, because of perceived risks of misuse of this medication (slow release preparations do reduce this risk, and there are non-stimulant alternatives, but these are still often insufficient to impact on other patterned behaviours that have begun to become ingrained.)

There are well researched and evidenced protocols for managing ADHD, in the UK these are provided in the  [[NICE ADHD Guidelines]]

[[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]]

!!''Purpose''
Explain what the AIM is, and how to use it.

!!''What is it?''
AMBIT AIM stands for ''AMBIT Adolescent Integrative Measure''.

The questions in the AIM have been adapted by DickonBevington and [[Peter Fuggle]] from the Hampstead Child Adaptation Measure (H-CAMA), which was originally authored by PeterFonagy and MaryTarget.

The AIM is a multilevel/multidimensional assessment, taking in psychiatric symptoms, social ecology, relationship networks/qualities, and resiliencies.  It is available for use in this TiddlyManual for [[AMBIT]], and is part of what the AMBIT team recommends as a [[Multi-Domain Assessment]].

It can be used independently of AMBIT (it is currently one of the measures in use for the large IMPACT study of adolescent depression.)  

!!''How to use it''
The form where you can complete the AIM is at [[AIM form]].

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When you are gathering the information required to complete the AIM, you will find the areas covered by the AIM all listed under:  [[Topics covered by the AIM - a checklist]] .

Individual items are scored and each can be labelled as one of a small number (less than 6) of [[Key Problems]].  The assessment is designed to be completed by a practitioner, and can be completed over a period of time (2 weeks) in view of the extent of the areas that it covers.

There are numerical measures for each item, ranging from 0+ (a positive strength), through 0 (no problem), and up to 4 (very severe problem).  Each item has its own descriptions of the levels of severity to help in scoring.

Each item also offers the opportunity to label it as one of a small number (say 6 or less) of [[Key Problems]], which is a helpful way to focus on the most pressing problems in a complex situation.

The version applied in a TiddlyManual has particular interactive properties with manualized content, which generates [[AIM suggested interventions]], according to the results of the assessment.

You can complete only part of an AIM (just a handful of items, or even just one item) and "suggested interventions" will still be generated.  Good if you want a prompt without going into details around the complexity of a case.

!!''What next?''
*[[AIM form]] - This is where you can check boxes to record your assessment - what you type is ''NOT uploaded to the internet'', but at the end of the assessment you can click a button ("Export AIM" under the heading "AIM results") that creates a report that you can then file or export to a local database.
*[[AIM suggested interventions]] - These are found at the end of the [[AIM form]] in the AIM Results section.  Once completed, the AIM questionnaire finds and ranks suggested [[Specific interventions]], according to the needs defined in assessment profile given in the [[AIM form]], and related to the available evidence base.
*[[Topics covered by the AIM - a checklist]] - A short checklist of the major topics covered - print it out as a prompt to ensure you cover the right areas as you gather the NARRATIVE ACCOUNT of the history of the problems in your [[Multi-Domain Assessment]].

We advise that using the version of the manual that is embedded in the manual is more helpful - as the results are integrated and interactive with other material in the manual.  Use a downloaded version of the manual (see [[ICR]]), or if you are NOT logged in (nothing will save) with editorial rights you can use the online version directly (so log as you are not logged in with edit rights, nothing will be saved online).

If you prefer to have a paper version - here it is.  You will see it is stored at "Google Docs" and can be downloaded [[here|https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B5h_CVBdhJPYck41Y2p5d0g0N3c]]:
----
<html><iframe src="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B5h_CVBdhJPYck41Y2p5d0g0N3c/preview" width="640" height="480"></iframe></html>

!This is content from AMASS!
>//This is an example of a page that has been [[cloned and customised|Clone and Customise]] from the original work by the AMASS team in Islington - to whom we are immensely grateful.//

We have been trialling the use of the cards which have been adapted from the [[AIM]] as an assessment tool as part of the direct work/outreach work with the young person. 

We would like these cards to become part of our assessment process within the [[AMASS Intervention Timeline]] and have started to integrate this into the core process for every young person working with AMASS.

Our Assistant Psychologist has identified a potential framework for incorporating it as a collaborative assessment tool and an outcome measure. It uses the Focal Ranking system followed by the Global Ranking system (please see [[AIM suggested interventions]]). 

!!Suggested Framework:

* Have AIM card session in week 6. This enables parallel of ratings weeks and parent work (completion of [[Genogram]], [[End Goals]], [[Desired Changes]]) but also means time has been invested into developing trust between young person and worker.

* Explain to young person that these cards are strengths/challenges/difficulties that young people face as part of growing up. The session is aimed at trying to identify what particular strengths/challenges/difficulties are most relevant to them.

*See video produced by the AMASS team in Islington (@ambit-amass) showing how the cards can be used in a session with a young person:

<html><iframe width="420" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/wG9Of1PCHPI" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

!!Incorporation of Outcomes:

*A follow up session can reflect on what three/four cards the young person chose and this allows the worker and the young person to collaboratively discuss how to focus on these cards.

*The young person can rate the severity of the problem indicated on the card, how much it affects them using the numbers on the card.

*At the end of the intervention the AIM card session can be repeated and the ratings of the three/four cards can be compared from the pre-intervention AIM card session. 

*Ratings can also be taken more frequently within the intervention and the ratings profile can be plotted on a graph which can be shared and reflected on with the young person at the rating points and/or the end of intervention.


!!Helpful Hints:

*BE FLEXIBLE: The framework can be adapted according to what suits the young person - (i.e. some young people may need to be doing another activity whilst the worker reads the cards and puts them in piles according to what the young person wants or the way in which the ranking happens may change according to young person's choice).

*LISTEN: The session allows an exploration of what the young person feels about themselves and any challenges/difficulties they are facing. You can explore and ask questions about what the young person talks brings to the session.

*COLLABORATION: The cards enable a [[Thinking Together]] process with the young person to plan for future sessions together and for the young person to feel part of the intervention/outreach process. 

Change this number below (keep "limit:") to alter the allowed maximum number of selected Key Problems on the AIM form.

limit:6

!Introduction
Many of the young people AMBIT is designed for have high levels of [[Complexity]] and [[Comorbidities]].  It can be difficult to decide [[which intervention|WhichInterventionWhen]] to use, when, and the AMBIT [[AIM]] assessment can help you in this task by analysing your results and generating suggested interventions in the form of ranked lists, which provide direct [[Links]] to the manualized interventions.

!How does it work?

At the end of the [[AIM Form]] you will see a final page titled ''AIM Results''.  At the bottom of that page you will see the ''Suggested Interventions'' section.

The AIM questionnaire collects the severity scores you have entered across the 40 items in the questionnaire for your client, and then uses quite simple algorithms to rank potentially useful (evidence-based) interventions for the problems you have identified with your client.  These algorithms are explained below.

The fact that //''different lists''// of suggested interventions are generated is in itself designed to communicate to the KeyWorker that, because the lives and difficulties of young people we work with a generally marked by COMPLEXITY, ''there is NOT a simple mechanical relationship between "problem //a//" and "intervention //x//"''

Thus the KeyWorker is encouraged to use these lists as an additional layer of 'mentalized' oversight on a case; one that offers a more or less objective //perspective// on the options open to him or her, or to discuss them in [[supervision|SupervisoryStructures]]  The lists should be used to monitor whether or not what is being delivered is broadly in line with other thinking, and to stimulate questions if there is wide variance between what is suggested and what is actually being offered:

>''//"Am I offering my 'favourite' interventions, rather than the ones most suited to the needs of this person at this time and place?"//''  

See also WhichInterventionWhen for other advice on how to sequence what to do, or [[I'm stuck: what next?]] if you are at a more general impasse.

!How does it rank interventions?

In order to make it quite clear that this is not a "check-box" exercise, and that there must be flexibility for the worker in deciding what to do, there are different ways to sort these suggestions, depending on whether you want to look at addressing the whole spread of a young person's difficulties (''GLOBAL ranking''), or to focus on the most severe ones first (''FOCAL ranking''), and whether you want to limit your attention just to the [[KeyProblems]]. 

* ''GLOBAL RANKING'' - each suggested intervention is ranked according to //how many different problems// (that is, AIM items scoring greater than 2) the young person has //which that particular intervention has evidence for being effective in treating//. This is good for selecting interventions that will COVER THE WIDER SET OF PROBLEMS AND THEIR CAUSES, in particular for finding approaches that might address some of the [[Comorbidities]] that frequently act as //maintaining factors// for the young person's difficulties.

* ''FOCAL RANKING'' - each suggested intervention is ranked in order of how SEVERE the set of problems it has evidence for being effective in treating are (their averaged AIM scores). This is good for FOCUSING THE MOST EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS ON HELPING WITH THE MOST SEVERE PROBLEMS.

* ''LIMIT'', as the title suggests, this limits the suggested interventions that are ranked in both of the above sorting algorithms //only to those relevant for items identified as KEY PROBLEMS//.

= [[AMBIT Local Trainers]]

----
!!''What does AMBIT mean?''

*''__AMBIT__''  ///ˈæmbɪt/// 

**''Noun.''

***a. Scope or extent

***b. Limits, boundary, or circumference

***c. ''A sphere of action, expression, or influence''</center>
*''__Etymology:__'' 
**16th Century: from Latin //ambitus// a going round, from //ambīre// to go round, from //ambi-// + //īre// to go 

!!''AMBIT as a way of working?''
The word AMBIT itself is preferred as opposed to its use as an acronym A.M.B.I.T. (''@@color(red):A@@daptive @@color(red):M@@entalization-@@color(red):B@@ased @@color(red):I@@ntegrative @@color(red):T@@reatment'')

!!''From A.M.B.I.T. to AMBIT to //"ambit-"//''
Best of all, refer to ''ambit-'': this is the prefix that starts the address to the many local versions of the online wiki [[manuals|Manualization]].  There is little of ambit- without the //local expertise// that adopts, adapts and helps itself to shape the onwards development through its own contribution of [[Outcomes]] from the work.

!!''Introductory material on AMBIT:''
1. See [[AMBIT: an overview]], or learn about [[Mentalization]] and how this can act as an [[Integrative]] framework for work in a multi-modal, multi-agency context. 

2. [[Core Features of AMBIT]] goes into more detail

3. The [[AMBIT Wheel]] provides a good reminder.

!!''Past versions...'' 
As this model of practice has developed over the past years it has been through various name changes - since 2001 it has been known as both [[IMP]] and [[M-BIO]], and originally AMBIT stood for ''Adolescent'' Mentalization Based Integrative Treatment, rather than ''Adaptive'', which was adopted when significant numbers of teams began working with clients outside the originally targeted adolescent age range.

Part 1:
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Part 2:
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We also employ a pool of AMBIT Assistant Trainers, each of whom is experienced in working in, leading, or commissioning  an [[AMBIT-influenced]] team or organisation.

We'd love to hear from you if you are interested in becoming an AMBIT Assistant Trainer. Send us an [[email|mailto:ambit@annafreud.org]]

!Intro
This is the basic five day training - which consists of four days of training, and one //self-organised// practice day that is held locally.  The [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]] provides [[AMBIT training]] for //whole teams rather than individuals//. See [[Training Testimonials]].

There are also <<tag [[Modified training plans]]>> for training trainers, etc.

|bgcolor(lightblue): There is [[Guidance for Teams Considering Applying for Training]]. |

We encourage ''as many people in a team as possible to attend the training days'' as this helps to create the local team culture that AMBIT is trying to support local teams to create for themselves. 

|bgcolor(lightblue): ''Stage 1.0'' |bgcolor(lightblue):The five-step [[AMBIT Training Application Process]], taking note of the [[Guidance for Teams Considering Applying for Training]]:|
|bgcolor(pink): 1.1 |bgcolor(pink):Expression of interest|
|bgcolor(pink): 1.2 |bgcolor(pink):Engagement meeting|
|bgcolor(pink): 1.3 |bgcolor(pink):[[Pre-training team audit]]|
|bgcolor(pink): 1.4 |bgcolor(pink):Application review|
|bgcolor(pink): 1.5 |bgcolor(pink):''Acceptance''. Upon successful application (Stage 1), teams are invited to join:|
|bgcolor(lightblue): ''Stage 2.0'' |bgcolor(lightblue):[[AMBIT Basic Five Day Training]], developed to enable teams to get started with using an AMBIT-influenced approach. |
|bgcolor(pink): 2.1 |bgcolor(pink):[[AMBIT Basic Training Day 1]] - basic curriculum, whole team, external trainers |
|bgcolor(pink): 2.2 |bgcolor(pink):[[AMBIT Basic Training Day 2]] - basic curriculum, whole team, external trainers |
|bgcolor(pink): 2.3 |bgcolor(pink):[[AMBIT Basic Training Day 3 (AMBIT Leads)]] - smaller group working with trainers for a subgroup of "ambiteers" who will act as [[AMBIT Lead]]s; the core of the [[Implementation Team]]. |
|bgcolor(pink): 2.4 |bgcolor(pink):[[AMBIT Basic Training Day 4 (Local Practice Day)]] - Local learning/goalsetting, whole team (''LOCAL EVENT: no external trainers'') |
|bgcolor(pink): 2.5 |bgcolor(pink):[[AMBIT Basic Training Day 5 (Review and Consultation)]] - onwards learning, whole team . Ideally 2 - 3 months after initial days' training - creating a coherent local [[Implementation Plan]]. |
|bgcolor(lightblue): ''Other'' |bgcolor(lightblue):There are a number of <<tag [[Modified training plans]]>> for specific circumstances, and adaptation is "part of the model". |

!Learning Objectives for the day

The four main learning objectives for Day 1 are:

# [[Initial introductions at a Training event]] - 20 mins
# [[Developing Team Learning Objectives]] - I hr 
# [[Learning about mentalizing|Training Exercises for Mentalization]] - 90 mins
# [[Learning about AMBIT]] - Brief overview and selected highlights in each of the four main quadrants of the [[AMBIT Wheel]] - afternoon.

!Possible timetable
* Please check for specific timings of your own training!
* AMBIT is about adaptation as well as structure, so variations are possible

!Day 1 - Didactic teaching and mini-exercises

!!1. Introductions and [[Developing Team Learning Objectives]] - I hr

To introduce individuals: [[Initial introductions at a Training event]]

Then:

!!!Helping the trainers to understand about this team:
* [[Elevator Pitch]] exercise
* [[Four corners]] exercise
* Alternatively:

(a) ''All teams spend 3 minutes developing a 1 minute introduction to their team'':
* Who we are (subgroup 1 if a larger team)
* What we do (subgroup 2 if a larger team)
* How we do it (subgroup 3 if a larger team)
* The major Challenges for us in what we do (subgroup if a larger team)

(b) ''All delegates write some SHORT SENTENCES/PHRASES on a piece of paper'':

* One ''hope'' for the training ahead
* One ''worry'' about the training ahead
* ''What are the some of the main challenges of your job?'' (These are your INDIVIDUAL experiences - as opposed to those shared by your TEAM earlier) ...With ''clients'', with your ''team'', and with your ''networks''. 

These will be looked at while delegates then 

(c) ...''Give us your current experiences of work, please''.  Do the:

* Mini-PREACHY pre-training questionnaire

(d) ''Introducing ourselves and the model''

* Trainers have a conversation in front of the group:
** Attempting to mentalize the large group and themselves.
** Read out from hope and fears papers
** Imagine the large group is the client
** “There might be enthusiasts, there might be sceptics”
** Training may have benefits... AND it can have SIDE EFFECTS...
** Dialogue about "//them//", and about US... 
** Stress AMBIT's requirement to [[Respect local practice and expertise]], and our ''non-knowledge'' about how things are here.
** We are “sailing blind” - very like working with the families you work with...
* The team's REFERRAL forms.... 
** Discuss and reflect upon these and the teams' proposed training outcomes...
* Reveal that we are trying to MODEL an AMBIT stance in our work with them.
** Broadcast our intentions
** Slide or two about the AMBIT project, the community of practice, who’s using it to date.

!!2. Open discussion (Q and A) 
10 minutes

!!3. [[Training Exercises for Mentalization]] 
45 minutes with slides
Show the [[Fishtank film clip]]
* Working in pairs 
** Where was mentalizing?
** Where was non-mentalizing?

!!STOP FOR COFFEE (20 minutes)

!!4.  [[Learning about AMBIT]] - 45 mins
* Applying Mz in 3 directions - clients/colleagues/networks (ask what the problems are in people's work - to scribe and to sort into 3 domains clients/team/network)
* Hard to reach/ relationship to help
* AMBIT stance first (see [[Core Features of AMBIT]]) and then move into the practices (“more detail in the afternoon”)

!!5. End of morning - How are we doing? (30 mins)
* 10 mins conversation with neighbour
* 'Call out' discussions with workers trying to represent their neighbour’s views
** We are modelling curiosity
** We are being explicit about whether we are attuned to their hopes and fears (from earlier)

!STOP FOR LUNCH - 1 hour 
Meet team managers for 30 minutes - how's it going?

!!6. Mentalizing your client
[[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]]
[[Active Planning Map]] - the "Egg and Triangle" as a playing field to practice the mentalizing stance - including [[Broadcasting Intentions]].

!!7. Mentalizing the worker
Introduction to the idea of the [[Keyworker well-connected to wider team]] - EQUAL emphasis on inter-team relationships as there is on worker-client relationships...
Exercise: [[Passed-outwards Discussion]] - try it in threes

!BREAK FOR TEA (20 minutes)

!!8. Mentalizing the network
Introduction to the theme of [[Addressing Dis-integration]]
[[The AMBIT Pro-Gram]] to map out specific networks
Try it in pairs (day 2 we will do the [[Dis-integration grid]]

!!9. Wiki Manualization (30 minutes)
* 15 mins explanation of [[Manualization]]
* Exercise:
** Discuss examples from your team that might useful to manualize
** Things that are unclear 
** Things which get people in the team a bit worried or upset or angry.
** Call out these afterwards

!!10. Wrap up 30 minutes
* Discuss the shape of the rest of the [[AMBIT training]] ahead
* Discuss the use of [[AMBIT Lead]]s and [[Implementation Science]]
* Point people at the MANUAL via:

   {{{www.tiddlymanuals.com}}}

** Thinking about training outcomes for //your// team
** "NO SUCH THING AS AN AMBIT TEAM!"

!!11. Feedback forms completed

!!Finish

!Learning objectives for Day 2 

# [[Learning about Supervisory Structures]] 
# [[Learning about Addressing Dis-integration]] 
# [[Learning about Manualization]]

The third day of this training is for the AMBIT lead(s) within the team. It is often helpful if this role is taken by two people in the team so often two people from each team attend this training day. 

The learning objectives of this day are to:
# Provide an opportunity to consider the AMBIT lead role in your team 
##[[The AMBIT Lead - role and responsibilities]]
##[[AMBIT LEADS - useful training pages]] gives a lot of useful pointers to learning for AMBIT Leads.
# Become familiar with the manual
##[[Using the Manual]]
# Plan a training event for you to facilitate in your team 
##[[Planning a training event in your team]] 
# Practice manualizing as a team process
##[[Manualization]]
# pair up AMBIT Leads  as part of the [[AMBIT Lead peer-to-peer system]]

!The approximate plan for the day: (please check for specific timings of your training)  
* 09:00 Coffee, 
*09.15 Registering and logging on to local manuals.
*10.00 Introductions and planning the day:  
** Group discussions: 
***''What are the influences on how practitioners actually behave in their day to day work?'' - remembering the other (larger) influences on behaviour, and reminding ourselves about the notion of one's [[AMBIT]].
<<image [[WhatInfluencesPractice_pic]] width:400 height:600>>
*** ''What are the key training outcomes for your service?''  
*10.45 How do your services link together?
** ''Sculpting out the relationships and authority in the team''. 
*** The notion of the [[Reflective Quorum]] 
*** [[Scaffolding|Scaffolding existing relationships]] the existing power/authority structures, not undermining these!
*11.00 ''What is an AMBIT lead?''
** [[The AMBIT Lead - role and responsibilities]]
** Whole group discussion
** The AMBIT lead job description 
*11.30 Coffee
* 11.45 Getting familiar with [[Using the Manual]]
** Finding your way around - use Tour of Manual video
***finding text e.g. how do you inject safely?; What's the evidence base treatment for BPD?
***Find a page you're interested in from another team's manual and clone it to your manual 
***Find out how to embed videos into your manual 
***finding videos e.g. how to edit in the manual? 
*** Sharing material - using [[SNAPSHOT]]s
***Opening a new tiddler (page)
***Add a sub topic to the AMBIT Lead roles and responsibilities page, create smart goals for yourselves as ambit leads, 
***writing some text ([[Edit]]) [[Editing conventions|EditingConventions]]
*12.45 Lunch
*1.30 Thinking about the training needs of your team
** The next stage of training is [[AMBIT Basic Training Day 4 (Local Practice Day)]] - conducted internally (//with just your team present//), so as to have experience to reflect on at the final day of formal training, and to model the intention that teams will become partially AutoDidact in their approach to [[LEARNING at work]].
** This will include [[Planning a training event in your team]].
*2.15 The manualization sequence [[Manualization]]
**Role play the sequence from problem, team discussion, ideas, agreeing, recording: [[How to do team manualization]] 
**Whole group discussion on what can be written in a public forum. i.e. if team is very conflicted over an issue, would you want to be explicit about this.  
* Consider the [[AMBIT Lead peer-to-peer system]]
*3.15 Tea
*3.30 Planning your work in the team 
*4.00 Reflections on the day 
*4.30 Finish  

This training day does not involve any direct input from the AMBIT training team, but is hosted and run by the teams themselves.
The ongoing practice of AMBIT skills is an important part of the AMBIT approach which avoids a consistently "top-down" relationship to teams that have been trained.  To a degree teams are encouraged to develop an [[AutoDidact]] capacity - organising themselves to practice locally, relating the content of their curriculum to local needs.

!Assessing need
Local teams can audit their own practice, using the APrAT  (a self-audit tool)  to identify training needs.  Complete this with team discussion on:
* A ''"typical case"''
* A ''"hard case"'' 
* A ''"case we are doing well with"''
Where are the practice/theory gaps that might benefit from [[LEARNING at work]]?

Here is a training exercise, helping [[AMBIT Lead]]/[[AMBIT Local Trainers]] to identify what might be the most helpful areas to work on with their team, using the "reflective practice audit" that we call the [[AMBIT Practice Audit Tool (APrAT)]].  Particularly note the emphasis on teams working out how they might wish to adapt EXISTING STRUCTURES in their team, rather than add new tasks...
<html><iframe width="640" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/1ERcDJgTn3g" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

!Local training events
AMBIT promotes local teams to become increasingly [[AutoDidact]]ic (this is about [[Scaffolding existing relationships]]). 
* See [[Planning a training event in your team]]

!Tips for AMBIT Leads to help embed AMBIT
The [[AMBIT Lead]] in a team is there to support the [[Implementation Plan]] for that team.
* See all the material at [[AMBIT LEADS - useful training pages]]
* See all the subtopics under the heading [[SUSTAIN best practice]]
* Place ''posters'' illustrating key AMBIT material to prompt behaviour change.  Eg:
** [[AMBIT Wheel]]
** [[Thinking Together]] 
** [[Dis-integration grid]]
* Use [[AMBIT stance playing cards]] in [[Team Meetings]].
* Help team members to [[Make the manual your Browser HOMEPAGE]].
* Use the [[SNAPSHOT]] button to share relevant pages from the manual with staff.
* If required find [[Organisational support for the technology to run TiddlyManuals]].

!Setting and Context
* This day comes ''__after__'' a (new) Day 4 that is ''run locally by the team itself'' - clarifying their own implementation plan, practising locally, cementing the AutoDidact element of AMBIT that encourages [[LEARNING at work]]

!Principles
* The whole training is an example of the attempt to find an explicit balance between [[Respect for Evidence]] and [[Respect local practice and expertise]]
** Connecting <<tag [[LEARNING at work]]>> to day to day practice
** Acknowledging that there is some evidence that there are some things that //must be done//... ''it is not all about freedom of choice!''
* Day 5 is about clarification:
** ...Of the core [[AMBIT Competencies]]
** ...Of the minimum changes necessary (measurable by an outside observer) to say that ''//"we have tried this out"//'' and are now [[AMBIT-influenced]].

!Content
* Review their [[Implementation Plan]] as worked out by them on their Day 4
** The APrAT exercise
* Linking [[AIM]] to [[Outcomes]] and try the AIM cards...
** What are this team's local [[Outcomes measures]]?
** Using session-by-session monitoring
* Linking back to the original [[Pre-training team audit]]


!Typical Plan of the day (this may vary according to locations etc so please check timings) 
09.15  Gather and have coffee
  9.30  Feedback - make plan for the day with whole group. 
10.10  The AMBIT wheel (see [[Drawing the AMBIT Wheel]])
10.30  As an individual practitioner, how much do I use AMBIT core features, and what might prove useful to you in the future? (use [[APrAT]] in pairs)
11.00  Feedback to groups in teams 
11.15  Coffee
11.30  Whole team discussion about assessment methods in your team (use [[Elevator Pitch]] or [[Fishbowl discussion]] to present aspects of this)
|bgcolor(lightblue):<br>''1. The range of attitudes towards Outcomes in our team''<br>''2. How do decisions get made about what we are trying to achieve at work?''<br>''3. How do we find out if we are achieving what we have set out to do?''<br><br> |
12:00  Introducing the [[AIM]] - [[AIM Form]] and [[AIM Cards]].  Completing the AIM on an individual young person (in pairs) 
12.15  Discuss use of [[Outcomes]] more generally - [[Respect for Evidence]]
1.00    Lunch 
1.45    Introducing [[Implementation Science]]:
|bgcolor(pink):<br>''How do you create a ratchet for the team's learning and decision-making?''<br><br> |
2.00    Developing the team's [[Implementation Team]] and [[Implementation Plan]] - Now, Next, Why? (see [[Active Planning Map]])
2.45    Tea
3.00    [[Manualising|Manualization]] a hot issue within your team - ([[Team Meetings]]?)
3.30    Final exercise on [[Planning a training event in your team]]
4.00    Reflections on whole training 
4.30    Finish 

!Resources required
* Screen and projector
* Wifi availability
* Sound for videos (just in case)
* Ideally TEAMS BRING THEIR OWN LAPTOPS WITH THEIR MANUAL
* Flipchart and pens
* PAPERWORK: 
** APrAT forms
** AIM paper forms
** AMBIT Wheel on paper
** TRAINING FEEDBACK forms

----
!!''Introduction'' 
Descriptions of competencies can be a bit daunting and dry but they are also very useful in being clear about the core aspects of the model and what practitioners should know and do. 

The AMBIT Project Group at the [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]] has been working on trying to define the core competencies for a practitioner working in an AMBIT trained  team.  We recognise that different teams will adopt some parts of the AMBIT approach more than others and that it is not a requirement that all practitioners are competent in all the 20 competencies outlined below. 

We would greatly welcome comments and suggestions from current AMBIT trained teams about whether the competencies outlined here represent their understanding of the core AMBIT approach. 

Adaptations of these competences for individual teams would be especially interesting and welcome.  

!!''The overall competency framework for AMBIT'' 
!!!Individual Competencies
AMBIT competencies for individual workers are organised into three parts;

* ''Part A: Basic knowledge for AMBIT'' 
* ''Part B: Basic practice for AMBIT''
** [[AMBIT Competencies covered in the Basic Training]] lists the ten most basic components (Part A and Part B). 
* ''Part C: Advanced knowledge and practice for AMBIT.''
** [[AMBIT Full Competency Framework]] adds ten further competencies (Part C) which are listed together with the ten covered in the Basic Training (Part A and Part B).  
*** Thus, ''overall, there are twenty competencies''.
*** There is a self-audit scoring scheme included in that list
*** Embrace the importance of [[Work on the Self]] and use this to direct AutoDidact activities as teams or individuals.
!!!Team Competencies
Because AMBIT is explicitly and exclusively a ~TEAM-BASED approach, there is also a list of team-based practices that require the kind of  [[Working with your TEAM]] that AMBIT promotes:

* [[AMBIT Team Competencies]]

 

!What is this?
See [[AMBIT Competencies]] for a description this.  The list below is ''just the first half'' of the [[AMBIT Full Competency Framework]] - that is, just the core elements of practice that we hope trainees will achieve in their initial [[AMBIT training]].
!~Self-AUDIT
A simple exercise in thinking about your skills is to rate yourself on each of the competencies. Rate yourself against each of the following 20 competencies according to the following scale:
|bgcolor(pink):<br>__''Scoring:''__ ''0'' = Not confident, ''1'' = Becoming confident, ''2'' = Confident  <br><br> |

!PART A: KNOWLEDGE FOR AMBIT

!!1.	Knowledge of the theory of [[Mentalization]]* 

*An ability to draw on knowledge about the nature of mentalizing (see [[Mentalization]])

*An ability to draw on knowledge about the developmental basis of processes of mentalization (see [[Secure Base]] and [[Marked mirroring]])

*An ability to recognise mentalizing and patterns of non-mentalizing in both self and others (see [[Implicit mentalization]]; [[Explicit mentalization]]; [[Teleological thinking]]; [[Pretend mode]] and [[Psychic equivalence]])

*An ability to draw on knowledge that the vulnerability to loss of mentalization leaves the young person exposed to more primitive modes of experiencing internal reality that, in turn, undermines the coherence of self-experience (see [[Concrete Mentalizing difficulties]])

!!2.	Knowledge of the AMBIT approach*  

*An ability to draw on knowledge of the basic AMBIT framework (“core features”) summarised in the AMBIT wheel (see [[AMBIT Wheel]] and [[Core Features of AMBIT]]).

*An ability to describe the AMBIT stance and the principle of holding the balance between competing dilemmas that are represented in it (see [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]] and [[General features of a "Mentalizing Stance"]]). 

*An ability to describe the four key practices in the AMBIT approach and to understand the relationship between the four practices as part of an integrated approach to effective intervention (see [[Working with your CLIENT]]; [[Working with your TEAM]];[[Working with your NETWORKS]];[[LEARNING at work]]).  
 
*An ability to recognise the limitations of the relative lack of evidence for the AMBIT approach for hard to reach young people (see [[Respect for Evidence]] and [[Is AMBIT evidence based?]]).


!PART B: AMBIT PRACTICE 

!!3.	Ability to use mentalization in their work with young people and their carers* 
 
*An ability to draw on knowledge that the intervention aims at increasing the young person’s capacity to mentalize (see [[Highlighting and reinforcing Positive Mentalizing]]).

*An ability to draw on knowledge that AMBIT formulates some of the mental vulnerabilities associated with hard to reach young people as resulting from the fragility of mentalization in the context of attachment relationships (see [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]]).

*An ability to draw on knowledge of the developmental factors and experiences that are typically associated with a vulnerability to loss of mentalization (see [[Developmental Considerations]]).  

*An ability to adopt the mentalizing stance in working with young people (see [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]] and [[General features of a "Mentalizing Stance"]]).  

*An ability to use the mentalizing loop in working with young people and their carers (see [[Mentalizing Loop]]). 


!!4.	Ability to apply mentalization to work with colleagues*  

*An ability to draw on knowledge of mentalization to recognise that the mentalizing capacity of colleagues within a team (including oneself) is likely to fluctuate in response to anxiety, stress and other expected aspects of work with hard to reach young people (see [[Ripples in a Pond]] and [[Dive Boat]]). 

*An ability to draw on knowledge of attachment and mentalization to work towards creating a sense of safety within a team in order to facilitate mentalizing in oneself and others (see [[Secure Base]]). 

*An ability to draw on knowledge of attachment theory to recognise the value of availability and responsiveness in work between colleagues in a team (see [[Attachment theory]]). 


!!5.	Ability to apply mentalization to work across agencies and see problems from multiple institutional standpoints*    

*An ability to make sense of the behaviour of staff from other agencies in terms of understandable  mental states and intentions of agents in that organisation (see [[Addressing Dis-integration]]).

*An ability to recognise that beliefs about the practice of other agencies is likely to be influenced by unbalanced feedback patterns about such agencies (see [[Dis-integrative processes in a Multi-Agency context]]).

*An ability to adopt a position of respect towards staff from other agencies and to demonstrate this by positive curiosity about their work with the young person (see [[Non-mentalizing, positioning and network problems]]).  

*An ability to accept that different agencies may be required to prioritise different aspects of a young person’s needs and that these different priorities may create tensions within a network around a young person (see [[Mentalizing service barriers]]).  


!!6.	Ability to intervene in multiple domains*

*An ability to make sense of a young person's difficulties by considering the impact of these problems on many areas of his/her life and to recognise the way that these difficulties are likely to interact together (see [[Working in multiple domains]]).  

*An ability to work with both individual and systemic difficulties in trying to improve the life chances of the young person (see [[SystemsTheory]]). 

*An ability to engage with the wider community such as schools, colleges and youth services in working with the young person (see [[Working with the Social Ecology]]). 

* An ability to apply basic systemic ideas and techniques to intervening in relationship problems both within the family and between the family members and people in the wider community (see [[FamilyWork]]). 

*An ability to consider how wider systems, commissioning arrangements, service procedures and local policies impact on the work with young people and to aim to support such systems to operate in a more coherent way (see [[Addressing Dis-integration]]).  

  
!!7.	Ability to scaffold existing relationships to provide help.

*An ability to explore with the young person their experience of relationships with others in their network and to facilitate the young person in mentalizing both their own and others’ experiences of such relationships (see [[Relationship to help]]). 

*An ability to be guided by the young person about who may be most helpful to them about their key problems independent of the person’s professional status or background training (see [[The AMBIT Pro-Gram]]). 

*An ability to focus work on building capacity and availability in existing (and potentially long lasting) resiliencies identified in the young person’s social ecology (see [[Focussing on Strengths]]).

*An ability to actively support (by joining them at meetings etc) a young person’s engagement with more mainstream therapeutic, educational or social care/youth agencies (see [[Working in multiple domains]]).

*An ability and willingness (temporarily, and with due attention to professional boundaries) to step outside of formally defined roles in order to support the work of another agency - if doing so supports the establishment of improved working and more effective intervention in another functional domain (see [[KeyWorker]] and [[Why intervene simultaneously in multiple domains?]]).


!!8.	 Ability to think together with colleagues* 

*An ability to draw on knowledge about the high likelihood and impact of episodes of non-mentalizing in the worker doing work of this kind (see [[Features of UNsuccessful Mentalizing]] and [[Keyworker well-connected to wider team]]).

*An ability to apply mentalization in one’s interactions between colleagues within the team (see [[Work on the Self]] and [[Is Mentalizing just Reflective thinking?]]). 

*An ability to use the ‘thinking together’ approach to consulting with a colleague in a team, as a way of ensuring that sense is made of the worker’s own feelings about a particular young person or clinical situation, and the possible impact of this upon the work. (see [[Thinking Together]]).

*An ability to respond to colleagues who seek help around a particular case in helping them to think together about the dilemmas around a particular young person or clinical situation (see [[Thinking Together]]).

*An ability to challenge colleagues where evidence of a non-mentalizing approach to the work is present, and to support them to regain their own mentalized explanations for the behaviours that they are working with (see [[Local Session 04: Working with your Team]]).


!!9.	Ability to assess network functioning using a disintegration grid.*

*An ability to identify all key participants from the youth’s professional network who have an investment in the youth’s outcomes, including family members where appropriate and other formal and informal key stakeholders (see [[The AMBIT Pro-Gram]]). 

*An ability to make sense of the behaviour of others in the network in terms of intentional mental states (e.g. to apply the same insistence upon mentalized explanations for behaviour in working with professional colleagues as in working with young people and their families) (see [[Addressing Dis-integration]]). 

*An ability to work proactively to identify gaps (or dis-integrations) in the work of the multi-agency network, that might (mostly inadvertently) either diminish the effectiveness of the interventions by some parts of of the network, or damage the young person or family’s experience of contact with these various facets of “help” from the wider system by presenting them with conflicting or overwhelming demands (see [[Dis-integration grid]]).

*An ability to facilitate collaboration between professionals at all levels of the service system that takes into account professional beliefs about the nature of the young person’s difficulties, what may be helpful in addressing these problems, and beliefs about role responsibilities in a multi-agency system (see [[Dis-integration]]). 

*An ability to help each of the key agencies to identify desired outcomes or initial goals, and to use this information to set overall treatment goals (see [[Advice on setting Treatment Aims and Goals]]). 


!!10.	Ability to manualize specific local practice.*

*An ability to use the local web based version of the AMBIT manual in a fluent and confident way: 
**To locate the manual via a browser (www.tiddlymanuals.com) 
**To open it and orient oneself to the sections of the screen desktop
**To navigate it and find specific material via the search function, via the indexes, or by following links, references and topics/sub-topics in the “Show related information” panel.
**To use the “Snapshot” function in the manual in order to share a specific page or set of pages with a colleague (see [[How to read this Manual]]).

*An ability to draw on basic knowledge as to how the manual has been constructed and how a local version of it may be adapted to describe and develop solutions to local service challenges (see [[I am authorized to edit to our local team's manual]]). 

*An ability to engage in team discussion about important areas of practice with young people in order to develop a shared approach to a particular difficulty or situation that commonly arises with this client group (see [[How to do team manualization]]). 

*An ability to contribute into achieving a consensus approach to common clinical dilemmas based on team reflection and discussion and to manualize practice guidance from this (see [[Respect local practice and expertise]]). 
 
*An ability to reflect with team colleagues on interactions with young people and/or professionals in the network and in a systematic way agreed within the team (e.g. discussion in a team meeting) in order to enable collective learning about effective practice (see [[Team Meetings]]).  

*An ability to make use of the team wiki manual in order to ensure that clinical decision making is consistent with evidence based practice and the AMBIT model as applied to the specific local team (see [[How to read this Manual]] which includes a video tour of the main features of the manual and [[Using the Manual]]).

----
See [[AMBIT Full Competency Framework]] for the extended list of competencies, and [[AMBIT Team Competencies]] for competencies relating to whole teams rather tan individuals.
----

!DEVELOPING EVIDENCE ABOUT THESE COMPETENCIES
!!!!Relative Importance and Use of these competencies:
We asked 41 AMBIT practitioners at the AMBIT conference 2014 to give each competency a relative rating of its ''importance'' and its ''use in current practice''. 

High scores indicate more importance/use (see [[Competency use and importance ratings]]). 

!2016
See [[AMBIT Unconference 2016]]
!2015
Not videoed
!2014
[[AMBIT in an Adolescent MH team: struggles and successes - Griffiths, Duffy, Kennedy]]
[[Sustaining an AMBIT approach in an acute adolescent in-patient setting - Whittick, Morrell, Fairbairn, Thulbourn and Millard]]
[[Practical examples of sustaining the AMBIT approach - Jones, Jones and Schofield]]
[[What do we mean when we say "That's (not) very AMBIT!" - Dickon Bevington]]
!2013
[[Building a Community of Practice - Dickon Bevington]]
[[Learning organisation - is the concept useful in AMBIT? - Peter Fuggle]]
[[Using AMBIT to Reduce In Patient Admissions - Sarah Harmon]]
[[Manualizing a live issue - Garry Richardson and Heather Tovey]]
[[AMBIT Across a Complex Array of CAMHS services - Gavin Cullen and Fiona Duffy]]
[[Engaging a team in Outcomes Measurement - Liz Cracknell and Carol Evans]]

----
!!''Introduction''
As AMBIT grows and its core content is shared by many teams, a more formal structure is under development to review and approve new material.
The original material in the manual was written by the listed [[Authors]], but as any reading of AMBIT will show, the nature of AMBIT is to //adapt// and develop to keep in touch with changing knowledge, evidence and experience, using access to the evidence base (eg [[Fonagy, Cottrell, Phillips, Bevington, Glaser and Allison (2014) What Works for Whom]]) as well as feedback from teams using the material in real world settings.  Local versions of the AMBIT manual are developing a great deal of new content, and the authorship of this content is held by the local teams (see [[Who wrote which bits?]] and [[Comparing and Sharing functions]]).

<<tag [[AMBIT Editorial Group - current manualizing tasks]]>>

!!!''The AMBIT Editorial Group''
* As a pilot we have convened a small group of AMBIT trainers to review changes to the manual more systematically.
* The group meets regularly to review all changes to the core content of the AMBIT manual, accepting or rejecting proposed changes, and passing more substantial adaptations to the [[AMBIT training]] curriculum on for agreement by the wider AMBIT project team at their meetings.
* A ''minimum'' number of 3 members of the group needs to be present for editing to proceed (see [[Reflective Quorum]]). 
** There will be a review of the work of this group in 6 months
** This will include the technical methods for recording their work.
* ''We invite expressions of interest from others (especially outside of the AMBIT 'community') to join this group.''

!!''Tasks for the Editorial Group''
1. Setting the processes, rules and criteria The AMBIT Editorial Group, with oversight from an [[AMBIT Expert Reference Group]], sets the processes up for managing content in the manual, the rules by which content is admitted to the core AMBIT platform, and the criteria by which such content is judged.

2.Tracking and approving/rejecting NEW material 

*PROCESS: We track new material that is added in the manual under two headings
**<<tag [[(a) Work in Progress - Major change]]>>
**<<tag [[(b) Work in Progress - Minor change]]>>
*RULES
**"Very minor edits'" (correcting typos, repairing links, improving presentation) are not tracked at all.
** "Major and Minor changes" to content can be made if this fulfills the [[Criteria for inclusion/exclusion of CONTENT in AMBIT]].
**REMOVAL of the "Work in Progress" tags signifies that approval of the changes have been made.
3.  Identifying and resolving duplications/contradictions in EXISTING content

*PROCESS: We are systematically screening for material that has been written in different ways and under different headings.
*RULES:
Rules for how to label and integrate new material - see [[Fitting what you ADD into what is ALREADY THERE in your manual]]

''To Do Lists:''
This tag lists material that NEEDS EDITORING/AUTHORING WORK from the editorial group <<tag [[AMBIT Editorial Group - current manualizing tasks]]>>
These tags gather changes that need review and sign off:
<<tag [[(a) Work in Progress - Major change]]>>
<<tag [[(b) Work in Progress - Minor change]]>>

!!''Work in progress requiring sign-off by the AMBIT Project Group''
!!!(a) Standing item for sign-off by wider AMBIT Project Group:
(list pages below as [[Link]]s, that are currently being worked on that involve a change to the training curriculum/model)

* [list pages as links here]
* etc
* etc
!!!(b) Early drafting:
See the [[ambit-afc|https://manuals.annafreud.org/ambit-afc/index.html]] ambit-afc (local version of the manual for members of the AMBIT project at [[AFC]]) for content that is being worked prior to inclusion in the core content.

!!''Current Editorial Group membership:''
* [[DickonBevington]] - Chair
* [[Peter Fuggle]]
* [[Suzanne Hare]]
* [[Liz Cracknell]]
* [[John Lincoln]]
* [[Garry Richardson]]
* [[Sally Zlotowicz]]
* [[Katie Partridge]]
* [[Nick Jones]]
* [[Olive Moloney]]

----
!!''What is this for?''
This tag lists material that has been identified as needing further/new content authoring by the [[AMBIT Editorial Group]] and original [[Authors]] - you can see content gathered under this tag here:
<<tag [[AMBIT Editorial Group - current manualizing tasks]]>>

!!''NOT for technical development priorities''
Please use this tag to label ''technical developmental tasks'': <<tag [[Tasks to improve manual]]>>

!!''Rules for editing and authoring''
Please tag all new edits and authored pages with either
[[(a) Work in Progress - Major change]] or [[(b) Work in Progress - Minor change]].  If you are just correcting minor typos or layout then no tagging is required.

The Editorial team is responsible for core content in the AMBIT manual 

DickonBevington (Lead Editor)
[[Peter Fuggle]]

The proposed AMBIT expert reference group will consist of recognised experts who have agreed to provide occasional oversight of the AMBIT content.  Suggestions or volunteers for these roles are welcomed (add comments at the bottom of this page or email us: ambit@annafreud.org) 

Using the yellow tags below you can find links to a whole series of Frequently Asked Questions about AMBIT in general, that have arisen in trainings or conferences over the past years.  Below you will see that there are also FAQ's about the Training, and for Local Trainers.

This is a resource that will be built upon and we invite users of the manual to offer further suggestions using the [[Feedback please!]] form.

Click the button below to select a question you are interested in:

<<tag [[AMBIT FAQs]]>> 
 <<tag [[Training FAQs]]>> 
<<tag [[LOCAL trainers FAQs]]>> 

This is a tag that collects all the Tiddlers that include downloadable forms that can be used in the general process of assessment, formulation and care planning.

!Introduction
The [[AMBIT training]] aims to provide team members with [[AMBIT Competencies covered in the Basic Training]], but as AMBIT is a framework for [[LEARNING at work]], so the full range of competencies is wider.  Listed below is the full range of competencies that team's should aim to cover.  See also [[AMBIT Team Competencies]] that cover the [[Core Features of AMBIT]]. 

!~Self-AUDIT
A self-audit exercise is suggested with these competencies.  Rate yourself against each of the following 20 competencies according to the following scale, in order to direct further training (including [[AutoDidact]] training):
|bgcolor(pink):<br>__''Scoring:''__ ''0'' = Not confident, ''1'' = Becoming confident, ''2'' = Confident  <br><br> |

|bgcolor(lightblue):<br>The list below ''INCLUDES'' and ''ADDS to'' the ten [[AMBIT Competencies covered in the Basic Training]]<br>|

!PART A: KNOWLEDGE FOR AMBIT

!!1.	Knowledge of the theory of [[Mentalization]]* 

*An ability to draw on knowledge about the nature of mentalizing (see [[Mentalization]])

*An ability to draw on knowledge about the developmental basis of processes of mentalization (see [[Secure Base]] and [[Marked mirroring]])

*An ability to recognise mentalizing and patterns of non-mentalizing in both self and others (see [[Implicit mentalization]]; [[Explicit mentalization]]; [[Teleological thinking]]; [[Pretend mode]] and [[Psychic equivalence]])

*An ability to draw on knowledge that the vulnerability to loss of mentalization leaves the young person exposed to more primitive modes of experiencing internal reality that, in turn, undermines the coherence of self-experience (see [[Concrete Mentalizing difficulties]])

!!2.	Knowledge of the AMBIT approach*  

*An ability to draw on knowledge of the basic AMBIT framework (“core features”) summarised in the AMBIT wheel (see [[AMBIT Wheel]] and [[Core Features of AMBIT]]).

*An ability to describe the AMBIT stance and the principle of holding the balance between competing dilemmas that are represented in it (see [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]] and [[General features of a "Mentalizing Stance"]]). 

*An ability to describe the four key practices in the AMBIT approach and to understand the relationship between the four practices as part of an integrated approach to effective intervention (see [[Working with your CLIENT]]; [[Working with your TEAM]];[[Working with your NETWORKS]];[[LEARNING at work]]).  
 
*An ability to recognise the limitations of the relative lack of evidence for the AMBIT approach for hard to reach young people (see [[Respect for Evidence]] and [[Is AMBIT evidence based?]]).


!PART B: AMBIT PRACTICE 

!!3.	Ability to use mentalization in their work with young people and their carers* 
 
*An ability to draw on knowledge that the intervention aims at increasing the young person’s capacity to mentalize (see [[Highlighting and reinforcing Positive Mentalizing]]).

*An ability to draw on knowledge that AMBIT formulates some of the mental vulnerabilities associated with hard to reach young people as resulting from the fragility of mentalization in the context of attachment relationships (see [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]]).

*An ability to draw on knowledge of the developmental factors and experiences that are typically associated with a vulnerability to loss of mentalization (see [[Developmental Considerations]]).  

*An ability to adopt the mentalizing stance in working with young people (see [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]] and [[General features of a "Mentalizing Stance"]]).  

*An ability to use the mentalizing loop in working with young people and their carers (see [[Mentalizing Loop]]). 


!!4.	Ability to apply mentalization to work with colleagues*  

*An ability to draw on knowledge of mentalization to recognise that the mentalizing capacity of colleagues within a team (including oneself) is likely to fluctuate in response to anxiety, stress and other expected aspects of work with hard to reach young people (see [[Ripples in a Pond]] and [[Dive Boat]]). 

*An ability to draw on knowledge of attachment and mentalization to work towards creating a sense of safety within a team in order to facilitate mentalizing in oneself and others (see [[Secure Base]]). 

*An ability to draw on knowledge of attachment theory to recognise the value of availability and responsiveness in work between colleagues in a team (see [[Attachment theory]]). 


!!5.	Ability to apply mentalization to work across agencies and see problems from multiple institutional standpoints*    

*An ability to make sense of the behaviour of staff from other agencies in terms of understandable  mental states and intentions of agents in that organisation (see [[Addressing Dis-integration]]).

*An ability to recognise that beliefs about the practice of other agencies is likely to be influenced by unbalanced feedback patterns about such agencies (see [[Dis-integrative processes in a Multi-Agency context]]).

*An ability to adopt a position of respect towards staff from other agencies and to demonstrate this by positive curiosity about their work with the young person (see [[Non-mentalizing, positioning and network problems]]).  

*An ability to accept that different agencies may be required to prioritise different aspects of a young person’s needs and that these different priorities may create tensions within a network around a young person (see [[Mentalizing service barriers]]).  


!!6.	Ability to intervene in multiple domains*

*An ability to make sense of a young person's difficulties by considering the impact of these problems on many areas of his/her life and to recognise the way that these difficulties are likely to interact together (see [[Working in multiple domains]]).  

*An ability to work with both individual and systemic difficulties in trying to improve the life chances of the young person (see [[SystemsTheory]]). 

*An ability to engage with the wider community such as schools, colleges and youth services in working with the young person (see [[Working with the Social Ecology]]). 

* An ability to apply basic systemic ideas and techniques to intervening in relationship problems both within the family and between the family members and people in the wider community (see [[FamilyWork]]). 

*An ability to consider how wider systems, commissioning arrangements, service procedures and local policies impact on the work with young people and to aim to support such systems to operate in a more coherent way (see [[Addressing Dis-integration]]).  

  
!!7.	Ability to scaffold existing relationships to provide help.

*An ability to explore with the young person their experience of relationships with others in their network and to facilitate the young person in mentalizing both their own and others’ experiences of such relationships (see [[Relationship to help]]). 

*An ability to be guided by the young person about who may be most helpful to them about their key problems independent of the person’s professional status or background training (see [[The AMBIT Pro-Gram]]). 

*An ability to focus work on building capacity and availability in existing (and potentially long lasting) resiliencies identified in the young person’s social ecology (see [[Focussing on Strengths]]).

*An ability to actively support (by joining them at meetings etc) a young person’s engagement with more mainstream therapeutic, educational or social care/youth agencies (see [[Working in multiple domains]]).

*An ability and willingness (temporarily, and with due attention to professional boundaries) to step outside of formally defined roles in order to support the work of another agency - if doing so supports the establishment of improved working and more effective intervention in another functional domain (see [[KeyWorker]] and [[Why intervene simultaneously in multiple domains?]]).


!!8.	 Ability to think together with colleagues* 

*An ability to draw on knowledge about the high likelihood and impact of episodes of non-mentalizing in the worker doing work of this kind (see [[Features of UNsuccessful Mentalizing]] and [[Keyworker well-connected to wider team]]).

*An ability to apply mentalization in one’s interactions between colleagues within the team (see [[Work on the Self]] and [[Is Mentalizing just Reflective thinking?]]). 

*An ability to use the ‘thinking together’ approach to consulting with a colleague in a team, as a way of ensuring that sense is made of the worker’s own feelings about a particular young person or clinical situation, and the possible impact of this upon the work. (see [[Thinking Together]]).

*An ability to respond to colleagues who seek help around a particular case in helping them to think together about the dilemmas around a particular young person or clinical situation (see [[Thinking Together]]).

*An ability to challenge colleagues where evidence of a non-mentalizing approach to the work is present, and to support them to regain their own mentalized explanations for the behaviours that they are working with (see [[Local Session 04: Working with your Team]]).


!!9.	Ability to assess network functioning using a disintegration grid.*

*An ability to identify all key participants from the youth’s professional network who have an investment in the youth’s outcomes, including family members where appropriate and other formal and informal key stakeholders (see [[The AMBIT Pro-Gram]]). 

*An ability to make sense of the behaviour of others in the network in terms of intentional mental states (e.g. to apply the same insistence upon mentalized explanations for behaviour in working with professional colleagues as in working with young people and their families) (see [[Addressing Dis-integration]]). 

*An ability to work proactively to identify gaps (or dis-integrations) in the work of the multi-agency network, that might (mostly inadvertently) either diminish the effectiveness of the interventions by some parts of of the network, or damage the young person or family’s experience of contact with these various facets of “help” from the wider system by presenting them with conflicting or overwhelming demands (see [[Dis-integration grid]]).

*An ability to facilitate collaboration between professionals at all levels of the service system that takes into account professional beliefs about the nature of the young person’s difficulties, what may be helpful in addressing these problems, and beliefs about role responsibilities in a multi-agency system (see [[Dis-integration]]). 

*An ability to help each of the key agencies to identify desired outcomes or initial goals, and to use this information to set overall treatment goals (see [[Advice on setting Treatment Aims and Goals]]). 


!!10.	Ability to manualize specific local practice.*

*An ability to use the local web based version of the AMBIT manual in a fluent and confident way: 
**To locate the manual via a browser (www.tiddlymanuals.com) 
**To open it and orient oneself to the sections of the screen desktop
**To navigate it and find specific material via the search function, via the indexes, or by following links, references and topics/sub-topics in the “Show related information” panel.
**To use the “Snapshot” function in the manual in order to share a specific page or set of pages with a colleague (see [[How to read this Manual]]).

*An ability to draw on basic knowledge as to how the manual has been constructed and how a local version of it may be adapted to describe and develop solutions to local service challenges (see [[I am authorized to edit to our local team's manual]]). 

*An ability to engage in team discussion about important areas of practice with young people in order to develop a shared approach to a particular difficulty or situation that commonly arises with this client group (see [[How to do team manualization]]). 

*An ability to contribute into achieving a consensus approach to common clinical dilemmas based on team reflection and discussion and to manualize practice guidance from this (see [[Respect local practice and expertise]]). 
 
*An ability to reflect with team colleagues on interactions with young people and/or professionals in the network and in a systematic way agreed within the team (e.g. discussion in a team meeting) in order to enable collective learning about effective practice (see [[Team Meetings]]).  

*An ability to make use of the team wiki manual in order to ensure that clinical decision making is consistent with evidence based practice and the AMBIT model as applied to the specific local team (see [[How to read this Manual]] which includes a video tour of the main features of the manual and [[Using the Manual]]).  


''
!PART C: ADVANCED COMPETENCIES
'' 

!!11.	Knowledge of the common difficulties of under-served, (or ‘hard to reach’) young people and their families/carers across [[multiple domains|Working in multiple domains]].

*An ability to draw on knowledge of the psychological and interpersonal difficulties experienced by young people and family members/carers with multiple mental health, educational and social needs who are not seeking help for such problems (‘[[Hard to reach]]’ or [[Under-Served]]). 

*An ability to draw on knowledge of the multiple risks factors ([[Complexity]]) that influence hard to reach young people (e.g. at the level of the individual, family/carers, peer, school and community). 

*An ability to draw on knowledge of [[Family]] phenomena commonly associated with the multiple mental health needs of a ‘hard to reach’ young person (e.g. disorganised [[Attachment]] patterns, inconsistent parenting style, negative marital interactions, psychiatric disorders ([[Diagnoses]]), [[Physical Health matters]]), Educational needs (see [[Educational-Vocational Training]]), the [[SocialEcology]] (such as social service entitlements and economic factors (e.g. poverty) in a young person’s life - see [[Social-Ecological Work]] and [[SubsistenceSupport]].  

*An ability to reflect on the lack of [[Evidence]] associated with psychological therapies associated with this complex and often co morbid group

*An ability to draw on knowledge of the long term psychological, social and economic  consequences of social exclusion such dropping-out of school, college and work and/or a history of offending (e.g. reduced wages, limited career opportunities and housing restrictions) and its links to [[Complexity]] and the nature of [[Hard to reach]] populations.  

*An ability to draw on knowledge about the general (and specific local) approach to provision of services for such young people – and the psychological impact of multi-agency involvement in “complex” or “multi-problem” cases.  See [[Addressing Dis-integration]].


!!12.	Knowledge of Attachment theory and help seeking as a way of making sense of 'Hard to reach' young people.  

*An ability to draw on knowledge of [[Attachment theory]] and the processes involved in help seeking, as well as the implications of lack of help seeking (or atypical forms of help-seeking) for young people whose [[Relationship to help]] may contribute to them being described as [[Hard to reach]].

*An ability to draw on knowledge that a [[Mentalization]] based approach is grounded in [[Attachment theory]]. 

*An ability to adapt methods of practice to take into account the young person’s previous experiences of seeking help from adults (see [[Adapt your discourse]] and [[Contingencies]], as opposed to [[Non-contingent]] responses). 


!!13.	Knowledge of systemic principles that inform the AMBIT approach 

*An ability to draw on knowledge of [[SystemsTheory]] - that whatever affects one member of a system (e.g. a family, school or multi-agency network) may affect all other members. 

*An ability to draw on knowledge that patterns of interaction within and outside a group may affect each member of that group (see [[Positioning Theory]]). 

*An ability to draw on knowledge that patterns of interaction between professionals working with a young person may affect each member of such a network ([[Dis-integration]]). 


!!14.	Ability to engage with young people and their social context 

*An ability to recognise the factors that inhibit [[Engagement]]  with help for young people and to adapt the intervention to accommodate to these factors (see [[Relationship to help]] and the [[Therapeutic Bargain]]). 

*An ability to identify trusted adults in the network around the young person (either family or professionals) and, where appropriate, to work through such adults in order to enhance the young person’s capacity to develop trust in others around key issues in his/her life (see StrengthsResiliencies and [[Scaffolding existing relationships]].) 

*An ability to carry out a process of gradual [[Engagement]] with a young person through the use of persistence that takes into account a formulation of the young person’s difficulty in responding to offers of help. 

*An ability to promote engagement by employing core clinical skills ([[Engagement techniques]] including ordinary skills such as empathy, warmth, reflective listening, reframing, flexibility and instilling hope for change). 

*An ability to draw on knowledge that engagement is a process over time rather than a single event  and that a young person’s behaviour (e.g. contacting the service when upset or angry) may indicate (through the lens of [[Attachment theory]]) positive shifts in [[Engagement]] as much as what they say about the relationship (e.g. you’re all rubbish). 


!!15.	 Ability to complete an AIM assessment.*

*An ability to draw on knowledge about the value of carrying an assessment of different [[Domains]] of a young person’s life (see [[Working in multiple domains]]).

*An ability to complete an [[AIM]] assessment of a young person either with a member of the network who knows the young person well or a family member as part of an initial assessment of the young person’s needs. 

*An ability to complete an [[AIM]] assessment with the young person either using an on-screen ([[AIM Form]]) or paper version ([[AIM - paper version]]) or by using the [[AIM Cards]] as a method of understanding the young person’s perspective on his life and problems. 

*An ability to score the AIM assessment and to use the [[AIM Form]] in the AMBIT manual to generate suggested interventions for that specific range of presenting problems indicated from that assessment. 

*An ability to share the results of an AIM assessment with the young person and to construct a shared understanding of its meaning. 


!!16.	Ability to develop a mentalized formulation of the young person’s difficulties  

*An ability to summarise information about a young person from a range of different sources in a concise and coherent manner.  See [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]].  This builds on the idea of providing //narrative continuity// (one of the [[Features of Successful Mentalizing]]). 

*An ability to reflect on the [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]] and to develop a description of the young person that takes account of their likely mental states and intentionality. 

*An ability to share this mentalized [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]] with the young person in a manner which supports the capacity of the young person’s mentalizing and does not raise anxiety and/or affect (for instance see [[Assessment for SUD-Rx - Giving Feedback]])


!!17.	Ability to develop a shared care plan with the young person 

*An ability to be curious about the young person’s ideas as to what would make his/her life better and, where possible, develop these into goals for the work together (see [[The Inquisitive Stance]] as part of [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]])

*An ability to process information gleaned from, and about, the young person and their network, using peer/supervisory support where indicated, and to draw up a preliminary ‘roadmap’ for the therapeutic work that might be possible or necessary (see [[Active Planning]]).

*An ability to broadcast one’s own therapeutic intentions ([[Broadcasting Intentions]]), concerns, non-negotiables, hopes, etc, tentatively, as a “work in progress”, inviting authentic collaboration to develop a care plan that takes account of the young person’s beliefs’ about what will be helpful. 

*An ability to communicate  ideas about  evidence based interventions (see [[Respect for Evidence]]) in ordinary language to a young person in order to discuss what is likely to be helpful , and why. 

*An ability to liaise with the young person about how the agreed [[Care Plan]] is communicated with family members and/or the professional network - see [[Active Planning: a core process with clients]].

!!18.	Ability to support the measurement of individual and team clinical outcomes

*An ability to recognise the importance of remaining curious as to whether a particular method of work with a young person is be experienced as helpful to them - see [[Outcomes]] and [[Respect for Evidence]]

*An ability to support and contribute to the development of systematic methods within a team to evaluating whether young people are experiencing the service as beneficial to their problems. 

*An ability to focus on continued evaluation of outcome from multiple perspectives, ensuring that both the young person and the AMBIT worker communicate their respective viewpoints and consider the viewpoint of the other. 


!!19.	Ability to identify with, and access support from, the wider AMBIT Community of Practice.

*An understanding of the ideas behind the [[Community of Practice]] that AMBIT seeks to develop and support.

* An understanding of the way that the AMBIT tiddlymanual has “layers of authorship” – with all local versions sharing a common core, but being empowered to add to or overwrite this content in their own local version (see [[Using the Manual]]).

*An ability to locate links to other local versions of the AMBIT manual via the [[www.tiddlymanuals.com|http://www.tiddlymanuals.com]] signposting site

*An understanding of the “[[OpenSource]]” aspects of the development of AMBIT

*An ability to use the “[[+ Getting started]]” page in a local AMBIT manual to receive news updates on the manualizing work by other AMBIT teams in the AMBIT Community of Practice, and to “clone and customise” relevant pages from another team into one’s own local manual.

*An ability to identify whether a page in the manual exists in different versions in other local manuals, and to compare those two versions (see [[Comparing and Sharing functions]]).


!!20. Ability to reflect on one's own, and the team's fidelity to AMBIT

*An ability to access and use the APrAT self audit form in relation to a specific case.

*An ability to use this [[AMBIT competencies]] framework to evaluate one's own further training needs.

*An ability to audit the team's practice against the [[Core Features of AMBIT]]

*An ability to accept the inevitability of variation in [[Outcomes]] in one's work with young people and families/carers.

*Demonstrate an openness to accept and learn from outcomes that have proven less successful than intended (See [[LEARNING at work]].



!!DEVELOPING EVIDENCE ABOUT THE COMPETENCIES
!!!!Relative Importance and Use of these competencies:
We asked 41 AMBIT practitioners at the AMBIT conference 2014 to give each competency a relative rating of its ''importance'' and its ''use in current practice''. 

High scores indicate more importance/use (see [[Competency use and importance ratings]]). 


























  

The following are useful pages in the manual - to look through as part of your initial training, but also to refer to in the future.

!1. AMBIT Training and Implementation in general
* [[AMBIT training]], especially:
** The [[AMBIT Basic Training Day 3 (AMBIT Leads)]]
** [[AMBIT Basic Training Day 4 (Local Practice Day)]]
* [[Implementation Science]]
** The [[Implementation Team]]
** The [[Implementation Plan]]

!2. How to help sustain AMBIT principles in the team
* [[SUSTAIN best practice]] 
** See the [[Show references and info]] panel there to reveal all the sub topics relating to this...

!3. Holding a manualising conversation/meeting in your team.
* [[Manualization]] is the basic page with links from it that covers everything - but stuff you particularly need to be familiar with is on this page:
* [[How to do team manualization]]

!4. Technical skills for using the manual
* Note - we do not //equate// the manual with [[SUSTAIN best practice]]; it is just one tool for this.
* [[Video tour of the AMBIT manual]] - a VIDEO TOUR of the manual
* [[Using the Manual]] - the general page on USING THE MANUAL - this includes material on the best techniques for reading and searching content, as well as technical help and lots more.
* [[Organisational support for the technology to run TiddlyManuals]]
* How to [[Edit]], and the [[EditingConventions]] that let you make text look nice

!5. How to increase access of the manual to team members.
* Do check out the incredibly useful [[SNAPSHOT]] button to gather specific links to useful pages that you can email to colleagues.
* [[Make the manual your Browser HOMEPAGE]]
* Organisational support for getting the manual to work in a big IT system such as an NHS Trust: [[Organisational support for the technology to run TiddlyManuals]]

!6. How to run a team training event using the manual
* [[Planning a training event in your team]]
* [[Suggested Team Training Sessions]]
* Links to videos and exercises: [[AMBIT Training Tour]]

!7. How to develop and use the AMBIT Community of Practice
* See the material on [[Community of Practice]]
* See the [[Comparing and Sharing functions]] in the manual.
* Consider the use of QUID PRO QUO arrangements between teams, so that external "consultants" can swap between teams to observe discussions and provide mentalizing reflections - much like the [[Fishbowl discussion]] exercises we use in training.
* See the [[Search]] button that says "search all manuals" (try searching "Knife" as this throws up local material from CASUS and MAC-UK)

This is a tag which links together all the tiddlers (pages) relevant to the AMBIT lead role. 

See the [[Show references and info]] panel on this page for lots of content related to this role.  

See also:

* [[The AMBIT Lead - role and responsibilities]] 
* [[AMBIT LEADS - useful training pages]]

The AMBIT approach does not prescribe on the organisational structure for a team using AMBIT. It assumes their will be a variety of leadership arrangements within different teams.   However, AMBIT practice is unlikely to be sustained without one or preferably two people within the team taking on the role of sustaining the skills and practice of AMBIT - which we refer to as the [[AMBIT Lead]] and the [[Implementation Team]].

!Work in Progress
This is a system that is currently (June 2015) being brought in to AMBIT training - but is not yet fully operational.

!What is this?
* A peer-to-peer support system for a pair of [[AMBIT Lead]]s in one team to connect with a pair in another team.
* This relationship is established during the AMBIT Lead training
* Allocation of AMBIT peer-to-peer partnerships:
** Peers are allocated by the AMBIT training project team before the [[AMBIT Basic Training Day 3 (AMBIT Leads)]]
** The criteria are variable but will include similarity of work, geographical proximity, etc
* We emphasise that ''this is a WORK relationship, not a social relationship''!
** There is no block on the formation of alternative or additional peer-to-peer relationships.
!What is the intention?
* To keep AMBIT on the agenda of a local team
* To create an opportunity for [[AMBIT Lead]]s to co-train their own team alongside a visiting [[AMBIT Lead]] (or [[AMBIT Local Trainers]]) from another team: [[Planning a training event in your team - Local]]
* To increase the confidence and competence of the [[AMBIT Lead]]s
* To create teams that are not only [[Well connected|Keyworker well-connected to wider team]] internally, but externally, too - across the the AMBIT [[Community of Practice]].
!How might it work?
* Introduction at the [[AMBIT Basic Training Day 3 (AMBIT Leads)]]
!Barriers for this to work
* It could be exposing for an AMBIT Lead from one team to talk to the AMBIT Lead from another team about //what is making this work hard//.

!9.30 Welcome 
* ''Geographic sculpt for introductions''
** Floorspace = the UK
** locate N, S, E and W
** locate London and Edinburgh...
* All delegates to stand where their team works 
** call out who you are and what you do
* Form groups of 4 - 6
** Pair up with the nearest other team(s)

!!Marking the task
Why are we here? Stating intentions, and naming a case where it worked...
|bgcolor(pink):''(a)'' Share ''something that's  has worked well'' in your team, that people might have described as //"Very AMBIT!"//<br>''(b)'' This is hard to do... Share some observations of ''real practice which might have provoked the comment: //"That's not very AMBIT!"//'' |
!!10.00 Back to Basics. 
* [[Thinking Together]]. Work with someone from another service around a hot case or issue. 
* [[Sculpting a network]]. Whole group work on a selected case from one of the group. Create a [[Dis-integration grid]] as we go.
!!!11.00 Coffee
!!11.15 What does leading mean? 
* [[Holding the Balance]] between Localism Vs Centralism
|bgcolor(pink): ''Debating the issue''<br>[[Line-ups - exploring individual differences]] ...From //"Whose side are you on?"// to //"Where do you stand on the continuum?"//: <br>''Extreme Localism (wild heterogeneity) Vs. Rigid Centralism (brutal conformity)'' <br>Where is the balance to be found? Have we got it right or wrong yet? |
*[[Competency|AMBIT Competencies]]: 
|bgcolor(pink): The idea of [[individual|AMBIT Full Competency Framework]] and [[team|AMBIT Team Competencies]] competency.  ''Is this useful?''<br>What would be ''your //"non-negotiables"// in an AMBIT fidelity measure''? |
*[[The AMBIT Lead - role and responsibilities]] 
|bgcolor(pink): A self appraisal in pairs against the AMBIT Leads Job description |
*[[Manualising|Manualization]] the key learning points from this session 
!!!1.00 Lunch 
!!1.45 Learning and training and all that jazz.
*Organisational barriers to AMBIT: 
** what are they and are they too big for comfort? 
*Recognizing small changes
** Devising a 15 minute training event. Running it and getting feedback. 
*[[Manualising|Manualization]] the training.
** Make it better next year 
*Putting outcomes at the centre: 
** How to?
** The IAPT experience - session-by-session outcomes
** POOLING OUTCOMES
!!4.00 Developing a [[Community of practice]].
* Getting beyond 'good' intentions.
* [[AMBIT Lead peer-to-peer system]] 
* Whole group discussion to [[manualize|Manualization]] the AMBIT programme plan for 2014-2015. 
!!4.45 Finish 
  

!! AMBIT as a learning organisation revisited  
This can be found in pages linked together by [[Developing learning organisations]]
''What is your team good at learning about?'' 
New games on the net? How to help each other? New drugs on the streets? New music? New fads for young people? How do they learn these things? [[Senge: Discipline 2 - Personal Mastery]]
''Learning about helping?''
Isn't this a bit wierd? Isn't it just instinctive? Like learning about having a sense of humour. Or learning about kindness? Let's take an example 'Learning how to put young people at their ease'

!!Manualizing
Manualizing is a method to support learning in groups or teams. 
For a simple introduction to the manual go to [[Using the Manual]]
A broader introduction to editing content can be found in pages linked together by [[Manualization]].
''Manualizing and mentalizing''. The need to incorporate differences in the way a team comes to know its own way of working. Differences in confidence or belief around a particular issue.  Otherwise it becomes just the voice of a dominant culture. Senge encourages people to //"listen for the whispers in a team"// - see [[Developing learning organisations]].  

The suggested plan for this webinar is to invite two of the participants to present a case that the team has worked with. The aim would be to do this by presenting the core aspects of the case and to try to consider it from the perspective of working from the fours parts of the AMBIT approach. 

The rest of the group would act as a reflecting team particularly focusing on mentalizing and there own reflections on the case. Each case would take 20 minutes so that we had 10 minutes a the end to conclude the series of webinars and consider what next. 

What does the manual say about ''working with your client?'' 
Too much! The manual has a wide range of material focusing on ''working with your client''. The main sections of this are shown in the opening page of this section [[Working with your CLIENT]]. Let's look at this together for a few minutes. 
From this array of material, the aim of this webinar is to focus on two aspects; the young person's ''relationship to help'' and the worker's need to dance around this, a process which we have called ''active planning''.  The webinar will take as its starting point the following three pages from the manual. 
[[Relationship to help]]
[[Active Planning: a core process with clients]]
[[Active Planning and the therapeutic journey]]  
The aim of the webinar will be to look at this material together and then consider how it applies to the respective services and teams that participants come from. 

!!!''Getting started.'' 
How do local teams in your area see your team/service? What would be some of the characteristics that they may assign generally to your team? What intentions would they assign to your team? Could you imagine a malign intention that might arise in their minds!!?
!!!''Why do networks matter?'' 
The idea is that well integrated networks are likely to improve effectiveness. The direct evidence for this is uncertain despite it appearing to be a common sense idea. Formal evaluation of this hypothesis in the Fort Bragg study provided disappointing results with no improvement associated with greater integration of care. its value may be partly an extrapolation from family studies which suggest that parents who work together are likely better care for their offspring than those who are in conflict. Recent observations from the Edinburgh service has suggested that greater effectiveness may be associated with fewer professionals being involved in the case. The causal direction of this association is uncertain. 
!!!''Messing up'' 
Can you identify examples where your team inadvertently undermined the intervention of another service? PF to share a recent example from CAMHS
!!!''Using disintegration grids?'' 
How does this work in practice? Are they used? Can we share examples where this resulted in useful shifts in the functioning of the network?
!!!''What training challenges does working with networks present?'' 

!Introduction:
What are the ''boiled-down essentials'' for understanding about [[Working with your TEAM]]?

* See the sub-topics that fall under this heading: <<tag [[Working with your TEAM]]>>
** The <<tag [[AMBIT-Teamworking]]>> sub-topic contains a lot of material that has been validated through the experience of multiple teams trained (the [[Community of Practice]])
* But AMBIT is not just about dancing to someone else's tune, though;
** It is also very much about a LOCAL team adopting a systematic approach towards developing, clarifying and sharing it's own sense of identity, mission, and techniques, and situating them in relation to EXISTING EVIDENCE for what is safe and helpful
** In other words it is about developing <<tag [[OUR Team]]>>

!In a nutshell
We think that the most important elements to grasp are:
* [[Keyworker well-connected to wider team]] and the Team around the worker
** Remember that [[Mentalization]] is born //and recovered// in the context of relationships of trust.
* The disciplined use of [[Mentalization]] between worker peers in holding critical work conversations: 
** ie [[Thinking Together]]
** Consider //ways to prompt and nudge the team// towards developing this as part of their own team culture.
* The idea that local teams are AMBIT-influenced, not "AMBIT teams" and take responsibility for LEARNING and DEVELOPING their own sense of "who we are and how we work"
** [[Manualization]] and see [[Local Manualization Homework Tasks]]
** How do your [[Team Meetings]] reflect your AMBIT influences?
** The APrAT

<<list-links "[!is[system]!is[image]sort[]]">>

!Task - define a shared problem
!!1. Dealing with a ''//lack of enthusiasm//'' in team members
* Acknowledging the inertia that political situations/funding/job insecurity etc tend to bring.
* Risk of disappointment if early sessions are seen as "falling flat"
* Moving from Quick Fix to patient work towards a longer term goal
!!!Ideas
* Moving from Quick Fix to Quick Wins - clarifying clear objectives //that make sense to the team// early on
** "Doing AMBIT" is ''NOT'' an objective! Avoid connecting outcomes to "doing AMBIT" - stick with benefits for clients... and yet to avoid making outcomes focus into a BURDEN 
** MAYBE having staff feeling more enthusiastic about the work is an OUTCOME in itself?
*** Playfulness - the play of ideas
**** //"Suivrez la Juissance!"// (follow the joy/juice!)  - Lacan
*** The capacity of the team to EXPLORE together
*** To ACCEPT the stressfulness of the work we do, including thinking about new ways of working together.  
**** //"Making the best of an impossible job"// - Bion
* Think about what might help members of this team feel SAFE enough to do this work, or unsafe in ways that inhibit such exploration?
* Team's capacity to use [[Mentalization]] for itself will likely have an impact on how successful it is in working with young people.

!!2. Risk that ''//we are perceived as dangerous "agents of change"//''
** Implicit sense of a hierarchy ("you went off to London")
** Getting into fights about control/letting go
** Telling team they are "doing it wrong"
** that "you are more equal than we are" 
!!3. Concerns about the ''//dependence upon specific person (me)//''
* That it's "//up to you to DO AMBIT TO THE TEAM//"!
** Need to make ways for this to be a shared enterprise
** Creating curiosity to listen
!!4. ''//TIME and other PRACTICAL concerns//''
* Avoid this being an ADDITIONAL BURDEN, 
* Avoid a focus on "WHAT" (else) we should be doing, and rather for this to be about "HOW" we do what we already do.
!!5.''We are trying to train "old hands"''
* Our "trainees" know all the tricks about trying to implement change in behaviours! 
* Keep our practice and methods transparent ([[Broadcasting Intentions]])

!Principles/Resources
* Define our [[AMBIT]] - where can we expect to have influence?
** We have control over what we communicate about our work
** We have the capacity to (make an effort to) mentalize our work colleagues
* We have existing relationships within these teams
* ''"If isn't broken, don't fix it"'': 
** There are probably things //this team, here// does NOT need any training on
* ''Openness'':
** Supporting conditions for a team to recognise that not all we do is crowned with success all the time
** This is a policy agenda - engaging in dialogue about which of our policies address our needs, and which need improvement.

!Ideas
* Offering feedback on our experience first, rather than unfolding an "agenda for change" ([[Broadcasting Intentions]])
* Inviting hopes and concerns from the team - keep it snappy!
* What are the things this team does very well, that any training must NOT BREAK!
* Creating an initial schedule with the team
* Encourage/foster "Yes, AND!" responses, rather than Yes, BUT"

!Measures of effective change
* How would you know this had made a positive difference?
** How would the team define critical positive change?
** See material on [[Implementation Science]] 
** Consider your [[Implementation Plan]]
** Recruit your [[Implementation Team]]

A new role, for a new model of training ([[Training the Trainer (TTT) - training model]]), that is in development in 2014.  These are local team members, who will have training and ongoing support in this role.

Also referred to as [[ALT]]'s!

There are some FAQ's for ALT's here: <<tag [[LOCAL trainers FAQs]]>>

!!The AMBIT Pleasure and Pain at Work Questionnaire 

List five things that you enjoy about your work with young people and their families. Rate each item on a scale of 1-10 as to how much you enjoy this aspect of the job. (10 is a lot; 1 is only a bit) 
!!! What you find enjoyable working with your clients                        Rating (1-10) 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 

!!! What you don't find enjoyable about working with your clients                       Rating (1-10)  
1. 
2.
3.
4.
5.

CRITERIA for accreditation as an AMBIT-accredited team:

* i. Creating at least one film about local AMBIT-influenced practice and publishing this in their local manual.
* ii. Having a one year [[Implementation Plan]] which should include:
** [[planned in-house trainings|Planning a training event in your team]] - with evidence they have been delivered.
** At least one visit from an [[AMBIT Lead]] or another [[AMBIT Local Trainers]] from another AMBIT-influenced team.
* iii. The team is able to demonstrate adaptation of AMBIT to local practice:
** Create a series of pages in the manual. 
** Present a series of APrAT audits
** Self-assessed AMBIT competencies using the [[AMBIT Full Competency Framework]]. 
* iv. [[AMBIT Lead]]s take part in monthly half hour [[Telephone Implementation Support]] calls, from a nominated AMBIT trainer (nominated during the AMBIT training).

!What is the APrAT?
This is a simple questionnaire and exercise to give teams a basic reflective measure of how closely they have followed AMBIT principles in a particular case, and to help them [[SUSTAIN best practice]].
!How to do it?
|bgcolor(lightgray):<br>Try to do at least one APrAT every three months with the team. <br><br>1. Set aside an hour to do this - see the [[APrAT exercise in, or across, teams]]. <br>2. Pick one case - preferably one that has given particular cause for concern in the recent past.<br>3. Using the questions below, audit the 8 AMBIT stance indicators (see [[Core Features of AMBIT]]) around this case. <br>4. Look at the results, identify //which stance indicator is the most relevant for the team to improve its practice//, and look at the [[AMBIT Stance Exercises]] to locate a relevant exercise to practise this.<br><br> |

!The Questionnaire:

Full size version here: [[AMBIT Practice Audit Tool_v.2.pdf]]

[img[AMBIT Practice Audit Tool_v.2.pdf]]

!Video introduction
Using an APrAT questionnaire to help you plan the local training sessions that your team might benefit from.
<html><iframe width="640" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/1ERcDJgTn3g" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

!APrAT QUESTIONNAIRE (non-PDF version):

!1. [[Mentalization]]			
|Have you maintained a mentalizing stance with the young person/family?||Yes/No|
|Do you have a mentalized understanding of their difficulties?||Yes/No|
!2. [[KeyWorker]] relationship
|Has the keyworker developed a //consistently attuned// relationship with the young person?||Yes/No|
|Has the team kept to all the arrangements and plans it has made with the young person and family?||Yes/No|
|Would the young person call the keyworker or the team if they were worried?||Yes/No|
!3. [[Keyworker well-connected to wider team]]	
|Are you “checking in” regularly with other team members, as well as receiving regular supervision?||Yes/No|
|Is it possible to consult and comment on each other’s practice in a sensitive, mentalized fashion?||Yes/No|
|Are team members using phones in the field, using 'Passed Outwards discussion'/'Thinking Together' routines?||Yes/No|
!4. [[Scaffolding existing relationships]]
|Have you identified resiliencies in existing relationships in your client’s informal network?||Yes/No|
|In their Professional Network?||Yes/No|
|Have you Care Planned work to strengthen these?||Yes/No|
!5. [[Managing Risk]] 
|Have you completed/updated a risk assessment?||Yes/No|
|Have you kept notes up to date?||Yes/No|
|Have you kept to other governance protocols, or noted explicitly how and why you have had to diverge from these?||Yes/No|
!6. [[Working in multiple domains]]		
|Across the whole professional network, which [[domains|Working in multiple domains]] have interventions care-planned for them?| Deployed | Not yet Deployed |
|..............................................................|.................................|....................................|
|..............................................................|.................................|....................................|
|..............................................................|.................................|....................................|
|..............................................................|.................................|....................................|
|..............................................................|.................................|....................................|
!7. [[Taking Responsibility for integration]]		
|Have you done a Dis-integration grid?||Yes/No|
|Have you done any interpreting of other agencies for the young person or family/carers?||Yes/No|
|Have you managed, hosted or encouraged any “[[Connecting Conversations]]” between different parts of the network?||Yes/No|
!8. [[Respect local practice and expertise]] 
|Is there evidence of unresolved inter-professional or inter-agency conflict in your practice?||Yes/No|
|Is there evidence that you have acted to minimize this?||Yes/No|
|Do team members hold respectful boundaries in discussions about other professionals?||Yes/No|
!9. [[Respect for Evidence]]			
|Have you completed an [[AIM]], or other outcomes measures?||Yes/No|
|Have you consulted your team's local manual or other sources to identify best evidence-based practice relating to this case?||Yes/No|
|With the whole team, have you manualized any particularly effective practice, or new learning, from this case?|| Yes/No|

!Supervisory Structures 
*Close adherence to the SupervisoryStructures are one of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]] practice.  
**Supervision in [[AMBIT]] is more than simply meeting regularly, or occasionally, to talk about work, ensure fidelity of methods, check on training needs and career progress, etc.  
**Supervision in [[AMBIT]] is much more dynamic and takes a number of forms.  
*[[AMBIT]] does not attempt to replace local [[Governance]] structures, but to reinforce them.  
***Individual staff members are expected to fulfil any local supervisory commitments.
*** //In addition// there are weekly [[Team Meetings]] that provide group supervision.  
*Another of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]] describes a [[Keyworker well-connected to wider team]]
**This refers to the use of team members for on-the-spot peer-to-peer supervisory contact.
**Such peer-to-peer consultation functions according to clearly defined [[Rituals and Disciplines]] such as [[Thinking Together]].

!Boundaries of Competence
* There are [[AMBIT Competencies]] documented.
* The KeyWorker must always remain within the boundaries of his or her competence. 
** Practitioners in the field are respnsible for their clinical practice
** [[AMBIT training]] is strongly recommended before working in an AMBIT service.
* Avoiding Omnipotence
** A risk in developing multi-skilled practitioners who can work relatively independently in an outreach setting is that a KeyWorker might develop rather 'omnipotent' ideas about what he or she is able to handle.  
** The risk in such a situation is of workers who //assume// more expertise than they have, who fail to use the SupervisoryStructures available, and get caught in a situation that escalates and places people at risk of harm.  
** Such omnipotence would represent a loss of one of the key features of a [[Mentalization]]-based approach - which is the quality of //tentativeness//, assuming the opaque nature of other people's minds (we cannot know the contents of another person's mental experience - we can only infer, guess, or ask.)  
** This aspect of practice is covered in [[Maintaining Mind-mindedness]].  
** Use of SupervisoryStructures is a key protection against the risk of breaking this important boundary.

!The ASEQ
[img[ASEQ.jpg]]

The AMBIT Service Evaluation Questionnaire is designed as a pre- and post-training evaluation of the impact of AMBIT training, or can be used as a "temperature check" for an AMBIT-influenced team, to help highlight where ongoing training and practice would be best invested.

* ''Q's 1 - 4:'' probe the AMBIT quadrant [[Working with your CLIENT]]
* ''Q's 5 - 8:'' probe the AMBIT quadrant [[Working with your TEAM]]
* ''Q's 9 - 12:'' probe the AMBIT quadrant [[Working with your NETWORKS]]
* '' Q's 13 - 16:'' probe the AMBIT quadrant [[LEARNING at work]]

An Excel spreadsheet is downloadable [[here|https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B5h_CVBdhJPYMm5xNjFWNW56U2M?usp=sharing]] that allows teams to enter their data, generating a series of graphs to show the spread of answers across the team for each AMBIT quadrant, and for individual questions.

!The questionnaire

||!Answer of each question: |>|>|>|>| !HOW OFTEN IS THIS STATEMENT TRUE? |
||| !Always | !Often | !Sometimes | !Rarely | !Never |
|||>|>|>|>| Place an 'X' to mark answer: |
|1 |I share with the client my best efforts to imagine what it’s like to be in their shoes ||||||
|2 |I can get worried about my clients and this work ||||||
|3 |I share with my clients things I am finding hard to understand about them ||||||
|4 |I set aside time to explain to clients the intentions behind my behaviour ||||||
|5 |Members of my team know how I am affected by (and tend to react to) common situations in the work I do ||||||
|6 |I go to members of my team (not just supervisors) for help when I feel uncertain about a case||||||
|7 |In my team we place equal value on the two roles of helping our clients, and helping each other in this work ||||||
|8 |In my team it is safe to show curiosity about our colleagues' practice, including offering observations or alerts ||||||
|9 |Workers from other teams (in the wider network) understand what it is like to do my job ||||||
|10 |	My work includes imagining or enquiring what it is like to be in the shoes of workers in other teams/agencies ||||||
|11 |I talk with professionals from other teams (in the wider network) to share our different perspectives about a client ||||||
|12 |I set aside time to work on improving coordination between the professionals/agencies working with my client ||||||
|13 |My team has a culture of being open to new learning ||||||
|14 |My team sets aside time to consider successes and failures in our work ||||||
|15 |My team shares an approach that helps us expect, explain, and remain respectful towards professional differences ||||||
|16 |My team systematically records what we collectively learn and agree about improving practice ||||||
 	 	 	 

Source: Peter Fuggle

!!''Introduction''
This manual is being continuously updated and developed. This means that some pages are not finished or are incomplete. This is because we believe that this should be an open system with on-going improvements in the material. Some pages will have a tag (see below) saying ''draft page''. This indicates that this is still in the process of being written. Most pages are complete for now but some are more explicitly in a state of development.

!!''Finding your way around''
!!!@@color:LightSeaGreen ;__''Tags and links''__ @@
The software used to support this on-line manual is called tiddlywiki. It has similarities to other wiki software, most notably for Wikipedia. This has enormous flexibility so that material can be linked together in very creative ways. However, for some users, they experience the manual as being hard to find things and to know what is available in the manual.

This page explains some of the thinking about how to address this.

There are hundreds of pages in the AMBIT Manual that are linked together by ''tags ''and ''links''.

A ''tag ''joins together pages to do with a particular topic. So there is a tag for Mentalization that links together all the pages related this concept.This is a big topic so it has lots of pages connected together under this tag. Within this big topic, there are tags with a smaller number of pages such as Attachment. One way of thinking about a tag is that it is like a washing line (remember these) where all the clothes on the line are held together on the line. The line is a tag.



A ''link ''makes a specific connection between individual pages. So that someone can more easily find pages related to the page that they are reading. Using the metaphor of the washing line, a link would connect two pieces of clothing, like a pair of socks!

!!!@@color:LightSeaGreen ; __''Four areas of the Manual''__@@
The overall design of the Manual is that it is divided into the four quadrants of the AMBIT wheel, which can be accessed from the tabs at the top of the screen. These are titled:

*Learning
 

*Client


*Networks


*Team


Each quadrant is separated into 3 sections; Overview, Theories and Practices for teams to try in their work. This covers a range of ways of how to find material in the guide. Pages will tend to be tagged within each of the above four areas. Links can be made between individual pages across the four areas.

----
!!! ''Feedback''
We hope that having this overall framework in mind, you will be able to find things more easily in the manual. This is our intention but we will only discover how much this works through your feedback. Every time you cant find something is a learning opportunity for us.

In such situations, we ask you to email the ambit@annafreud.org to let us know what you couldn't find or when you got lost in the guide. 

Here we are just gathering all the various [[Training exercises]] in the manual together under headings that sort them according to which area of the AMBIT stance they best support:

!On the AMBIT stance and ways of working //as a whole//:
<<tag [[Training Exercises on AMBIT in general]]>> 
!On the separate components of the Stance:
<<tag [[Training Exercises for Mentalization]]>>
<<tag [[Training Exercises for the Keyworker Relationship]]>>
<<tag [[Training Exercises for Keyworker well-connected to wider team]]>>
<<tag [[Training Exercises for Scaffolding existing relationships]]>>
<<tag [[Training Exercises for Managing Risk]]>>
<<tag [[Training Exercises for Working in multiple domains]]>>
<<tag [[Training Exercises for Taking Responsibility for integration]]>>
<<tag [[Training Exercises for Respect local practice and expertise]]>>
<<tag [[Training Exercises for Respect for Evidence]]>>

The [[AMBIT Full Competency Framework]] describes 20 competencies for an individual worker in an AMBIT trained team. However, AMBIT is unambiguously a team approach and alongside this individual framework we are developing some ideas about what a team competency framework would look like. This page indicates some initial work on this idea. Our proposal is that an AMBIT team could be identified as having five  core competencies of its work. These are:- 

The team's ability to:-
#''Mentalize the Client''
#''Mentalize the Team'' 
#''Mentalize the Network''
#''Learn as a team''
#''Evaluate client outcomes''

We have tried to think about how a team competency can be demonstrated. For each of the five competencies, we have included a list of possible alternative ways in which this aspect of team practice could be shown. Teams are not expected to do all of these but if they are doing none of them, then perhaps a part of the AMBIT model is not being used. This may be appropriate but it would seem useful if it is explicit and choosen rather than happening by default. 

However, we are nervous about appearing to reduce a competency to a single practice. This would be unhelpful but, at the same time, if there is no explicit way by which a competency could be observed to be taking place, there is a possibility that the competency itself may be marginal to mainstream team work. As ever, the AMBIT approach is to try to balance top down definitions with appropriate local adaptations. 

!1. Mentalizing the client 
An ability for the team to support each other in drawing on knowledge that the intervention aims at increasing the young person’s capacity to mentalize.

An ability for the team to support each other in adopting the mentalizing stance in working with young people. 

An ability for the team to support each other in using the mentalizing loop in working with young people and their carers.  

!!!Team Practices that support Mentalizing the Client
*Group supervision in which a team member presents a case and the rest of the group mentalize the client and the worker either through discussion or through role play.  
*Explicitly using the mentalizing stance or the mentalizing loop in joint work with young people 
*Using mentalizing based formulations as the basis of casework interventions. 
*Using the mentalizing approach explicitly as part of individual supervision. 

!2. Mentalizing with your team 
An ability for the team to support each other in recognising that the mentalizing capacity of colleagues within a team (including oneself) is likely to fluctuate in response to anxiety, stress and other expected aspects of work with hard to reach young people. 

An ability for the team to support each other in using the ‘thinking together’ approach to consulting with a colleague in a team, as a way of ensuring that sense is made of the worker’s own feelings about a particular young person or clinical situation, and the possible impact of this upon the work.

An ability for the team to support each other in being able to challenge colleagues where evidence of a non-mentalizing approach to the work is present, and to support them to regain their own mentalized explanations for the behaviours that they are working with.

!!!Team Practices that support Mentalizing the Team 
*Using 'thinking together' method of case discussion in team meetings. 
*Using 'thinking together' in individual supervision.
*Training all new staff in the team about 'thinking together' 

!3. Mentalizing the Network
An ability for the team to support each other in making sense of the behaviour of staff from other agencies in terms of understandable  mental states and intentions of agents in that organisation.  

An ability for the team to support each other in adopting a position of respect towards staff from other agencies and to demonstrate this by positive curiosity about their work with the young person. 

An ability for the team to support each other to identify all key participants from the youth’s professional network who have an investment in the youth’s outcomes, including family members where appropriate and other formal and informal key stakeholders. 

An ability for the team to support each other in facilitating collaboration between professionals at all levels of the service system that takes into account professional beliefs about the nature of the young person’s difficulties, what may be helpful in addressing these problems, and beliefs about role responsibilities in a multi-agency system. 

!!!Team Practices that support Mentalizing the Network
*Using the method of network sculpting to reflect on difficult cases
*Using the dis-integration Grid as part of case formulation 
*Using network sculpting as part of team training events. 

!4. Learning as a Team 
An ability to reflect with team colleagues on interactions with young people and/or professionals in the network and in a systematic way agreed within the team (e.g. discussion in a team meeting) in order to enable collective learning about effective practice.  

An ability for the team to support each other to make use of the team wiki manual in order to ensure that clinical decision making is consistent with evidence based practice and the AMBIT model as applied to the specific local team.   

An ability for the team to support each other to engage in team discussion about important areas of practice with young people in order to develop a shared approach to a particular difficulty or situation that commonly arises with this client group. 

An ability to contribute into achieving a consensus approach to common clinical dilemmas based on team reflection and discussion and to manualize practice guidance from this.  

!!!Team Practices that support Learning as a Team
*Having planned manualising meeting at set times throughout the year. 
*Using the manual as part of case discussion. 
*Re-writing aspects of core AMBIT practice adapted to local service needs

!5.Evaluating Client Outcomes 
An ability for the team to support each other to recognise the importance of remaining curious as to whether a particular method of work with a young person is be experienced as helpful to them. 

An ability to support and contribute to the development of systematic methods within a team to evaluating whether young people are experiencing the service as beneficial to their problems. 

An ability to focus on continued evaluation of outcome from multiple perspectives, ensuring that both the young person and the AMBIT worker communicate their respective viewpoints and consider the viewpoint of the other. 

An ability of the team to support each other to complete an AIM assessment with a young person or  with a member of the network who knows the young person well or a family member as part of an initial assessment of the young person’s needs. 

!!!Team Practices supporting Evaluating Client Outcomes
*Having a systematic method of recording client outcomes at the point of discharge
*Discussing client outcomes as part of team awaydays.
*Reporting on client outcomes to the commissioners and including the team in such reports
*Meeting with young people to consider outcomes and how these could be improved. 

AMBIT was originally devised out of work developed by a group of practitioners at the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families and the Marlborough Family Centre. 

At the current time (2016), the AMBIT Project has three senior AMBIT trainers - [[DickonBevington]], [[Peter Fuggle]] and [[Liz Cracknell]] who are based at the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families and four AMBIT Trainers:
and a further two Lead Trainers:
Suzanne Hare
Laura Talbot

There are also [[AMBIT Assistant Trainers]] who are experienced practitioners currently working in [[AMBIT-influenced]] teams

----
!!''1. Expression of interest''
*Enquiries about [[AMBIT training]] from teams/services go to [[The AMBIT Project Coordinator|mailto:ambit@annafreud.org]].
*We will send out published papers and a link to the AMBIT manual
*We will also make initial enquiries about the size of the team, whether it is statutory or voluntary sector and annual income of the team if voluntary sector.
*We will ask the enquirer to fill in an Expression of Interest form

!!''2. Engagement Call''
In order to assist with the process of establishing whether the AMBIT Programme can be of help to a team or service, we follow up initial enquiries by scheduling an engagement call. This is a 30 minute telephone conference call between you (it can be more than one person as relevant) and either the AMBIT Programme Lead or Deputy Lead.

<<link-pdf "Engagement Call" "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TxIUFm5cZhDIE4z2_JzX-anpGLlkVb0q/view?usp=sharing">>

!!''3. Consultation Day ''
An AMBIT consultation is offered as standard to all teams enquiring about undertaking AMBIT training, after the initial engagement call. The broad purpose of the consultation day is to reach a shared understanding with a team (or organisation) about whether embarking on AMBIT training will be useful to them and if so, what the training objectives might be. The meetings can involve senior managers, clinicians and all staff due to attend a training. The day will be facilitated by two trainers from the AMBIT Programme, one of whom will be the AMBIT Programme Lead or Deputy Lead.

After the Consultation day the AMBIT programme will send a consultation report, summarising the key themes arising from the day, training objectives and make
recommendations about training routes and implementation support should the
team/organisation wish to proceed with booking an AMBIT training. It is important to the
AMBIT programme that training is useful for teams and as such, there is no obligation to
book training after the consultation day if it does not feel as if it would assist the team
with their development. 

<<link-pdf "Consultation Day" "https://drive.google.com/file/d/15KR2OzpDhpc6uup3A1SOdi6-VMLighjK/view?usp=sharing">>



!!''4. Application Review and Acceptance''
Following the Consultation day the application is reviewed, and a decision will be made //jointly// about whether the team wants to proceed with [[AMBIT training]], and if so, by which [[route|AMBIT Training routes]]. Arrangements for training will be finalised with [[The AMBIT Project Coordinator|mailto:ambit@annafreud.org]]

!!!!!//Note//- //At any stage in the application process, it may be helpful for teams to hold a [[Briefing session for senior managers/commissioners]]//

----
!!''Intention'' 
The intention of the AMBIT project at the [[AFNCCF]] is to provide free, OpenSource resources for supporting and developing effective practice with young people whose needs are multiple, complex, and who are subject to social exclusion and who may not be seen as "help-seeking" in conventional terms.
!!''"There is no such thing as an AMBIT team"'': 
* We talk instead of [[AMBIT-influenced]] teams
* AMBIT is focused on supporting IMPROVEMENT in relation to locally-defined organisational/service goals.  
* We are, however, looking at developing an option for teams/organsations to become [[AMBIT-accredited]].
!!''Locally defined service goals''
In pursuit of these locally-defined service goals, AMBIT training is designed to:
* ''Support'' [[LEARNING at work]] so that local teams can develop, record and broadcast their own excellence and learning.
* ''Provides a robust foundation of theory and integrated practices'' 
** (see [[AMBIT: an overview]], and note the explicitly evidence-based and manualized interventions here: <<tag [[Specific interventions]]>> which are integrated within the broader framework of AMBIT.
** The content of AMBIT //has been shaped by the teams trained//, with encouraging early outcomes data published (see [[Academic references]]).
** ''Share all of our [[Training exercises]]'' that have been found to be helpful over multiple trainings.
** ''Encourage wide dissemination through supporting''  locally-delivered training sessions: 
*** <<tag [[Planning a training event in your team]]>>
!!''No rigidity''
There is no rigidly fixed method of being trained in the AMBIT approach, but note the following:
* ''We do NOT train individuals in AMBIT'' - it is a team approach** The main pathways for training are listed in the table at [[AMBIT Training routes]]
!!''Respect Local Practice and Expertise''
*We do not want to leave workers with a sense that their existing skills are wrong or devalued.
*Rather than giving didactic teaching about what we want people to do and then asking them to practice this, it is helpful to introduce new techniques by first examining present practice and existing skills.
*This includes looking at what can go wrong in present practices.
*It may include looking at video or role play examples of "unsuccessful" attempts to achieve the basic aims of the skill to practice.
*AMBIT seeks to AUGMENT these existing skills by adding mentalizing to a range of existing and perfectly legitimate skills, rather than REPLACING them.
!!''Manualizing''
*When teaching people to [[Manualize|Manualization]] material - pay attention to how new material they generate is fitted into (integrated with) //existing material// in the manual.
* Use the [[Search]] facility to check for similar or overlapping topics and themes
* Consider what related material is already there, and what [[Links]] and [[Tags]] should be added.
* If considering whether to tag a new page, first open the tag ([[Topic]]) and look at the other [[Sub-topics]] gathered under it - would this new page be "in the right company" with these other [[Sub-topics]]?
!!''Emphasis on resisting Shame''
*We constantly emphasise the ordinariness of anxiety in the work, and the fact that there should be no shame attached to feeling anxious in the work we do
*There is much that workers //should// feel anxious about.
*AMBIT seeks to help them maintain safe, sustainable and effective practice in spite of this.

For AMBIT's 4th annual conference, on 2nd June 2016, we ditched the traditional conference format adhered to in previous years in favour of a style more in keeping with the AMBIT's tradition of co-creation and the project's ambitions to foster and sustain a [[Community of Practice]] for AMBIT-influenced teams and individuals: the ''unconference''. The [[unconference | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconference]] format provided a loosely structured space for peer-to-peer sharing of ideas, good practice and learning.

At the beginning of the day, participants were invited to make a note on small pieces of paper of particular conversations they would like to lead or take part in. These ideas were then mapped to the quadrant of the [[AMBIT Wheel]] to which they most related, and organised into five "Unconference Conversation" topics for each quadrant: [[Working with your CLIENT]], [[Working with your NETWORKS]], [[LEARNING at work]] and [[Working with your TEAM]]. We then had a participant-created schedule for the morning, with sessions relating to each quadrant to run concurrently in separate rooms. The schedule was displayed on a board so that participants could choose their own timetable for the morning:

<<image [[Unconferenceboard]]>>

Notes made by facilitators in each unconference conversation are available here, arranged by quadrant. 

|bgcolor(pink):<<tag [[Working with your CLIENT Unconference Conversations]]>>|
|bgcolor(lightgreen):<<tag [[Working with your NETWORKS Unconference Conversations]]>> |
|bgcolor(yellow):<<tag [[LEARNING at work Unconference conversations]]>> |
|bgcolor(lightblue):<<tag [[Working with your TEAM Unconference conversations]]>> |

In the afternoon we played some games designed to prompt thinking about [[Dis-integration]] (which involved silly glasses and balloons) and the use of the [[Community of Practice]] (which involved post-it notes on foreheads and long bits of elastic). We also offered three short, pre-planned talks with a view to sharing practice, sparking conversation and seeking feedback and collaboration:
*AMBIT training across a locality - James Wheeler
*Thinking about the AMBIT Wheel from a young person's perspective - Dickon Bevington
*Starting an AMBIT-influenced team from scratch: establishing a partnership between the AMBIT Project and an NHS healthcare team - Liz Cracknell

A "cafe corner" was open all day to create a space for those serendipitous encounters with fellow participants which feedback from previous conferences tells us sometimes create the most valued learning opportunities.  

See also the [[Core Features of AMBIT]] for text and video to support this diagram.
!!!Download!
You can Download the AMBIT Wheel diagram as a PDF [[here|https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B5h_CVBdhJPYUjFXUk9MOVJfQ0E/edit?usp=sharing]]
!!!Diagram:
Click on where you want to go (or scroll down for more content.)
[img[AMBIT wheel 2014_SMALL]]<<imageMap MapWheel_2014>>

!Explanation
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!There's more: a client's version
The AMBIT Wheel is primarily designed for the benefit of workers - helping them to map or [[mark|Marking the Task]] and [[balance|Holding the Balance]] the range and scope of their work tasks.

A new development currently under review is a "matched"  (segment-for-segment) version, the [[Client's AMBIT Wheel]].  Early feedback about this from practitioners at the 2016 AMBIT conference was positive - as a way of shaping workers' understanding of their work from the client's point of view. Whether sharing it with clients (as a form of PsychoEducation aid) adds any value is undetermined as yet. 

!!Feedback from AMBIT-influenced teams
>>"We have found that we have managed to embed use of the 'Wheel' in the team meeting (members elect to think with a view to a particular quadrant)"
>>> AMBIT-influenced team, 2014

!!''Combining the ambit wheel and the APrAT''
This page includes two visual aids created by ''Alastair Wakely'', Harmful Sexual Behaviour Services Coordinator in Wiltshire and B&NES. They were created by combining the ambit wheel and the APrAT questions. Colleagues can have these up in their offices as a quick reference for checking an AMBIT view about a case.

You can download these by clicking the pop out button on the top right hand corner, which will direct you to google docs where you can download them from. 

!!!''AMBIT Wheel with Tools''
<iframe src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1X3lupnmO9Av6cmeta5dkj1R6b6tyrhNI/preview" width="640" height="480"></iframe>

!!!''AMBIT Wheel with APrAT Questions''
<iframe src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1llNxnnfg2pD4NI-46tp6IjfOSWRzfrxs/preview" width="640" height="480"></iframe>

!Work in progress!

A page for documenting how AMBIT has (or intends to) interact(ed) with ''other models of practice''. To include refs to ideas of Integration, Dis-integration, Working alongside, Co-construction and Co-production.

See page on [[Signs of Safety]] for an example, and describe work with FPM (Family Partnership Model) as another.

See John Burnham paper - "Approach, Method, Technique"

In some ways AMBIT is at least much an approach to support Quality Improvement in a service, as it is a "therapy".  Another way of putting this is that if mentalizing is useful for our clients and their families, it's just as useful us as professionals and our teams.  See sub-topics under this heading for material relating to Service Improvement and [[Implementation Science]]

We have produced 3 sets of cards for use within supervision or case discussion contexts, which are based on ideas from several different AMBIT teams who had developed and used such cards in their team meetings. Each of these card sets is described below. 

''AMBIT stance cards''

The [[AMBIT stance playing cards|AMBIT stance playing cards]] were developed by the CASUS team, a substance use service for adolescents in Cambridgeshire. Each area of the AMBIT stance is printed on individual cards which are dealt out to team members. Each team member is responsible for holding that particular area of the stance in mind during the discussions. The purpose of this is to support a team to remain "on balance" by attending to the four different domains of AMBIT - Client, Team, Network and Learning - within the discussion taking place. 

''AMBIT Marking the Task cards''

These cards were based on cards developed by the AMASS team in Islington, an edge of care team for adolescents, for use in their weekly group supervision. The purpose of the cards is to assist team members in [[Marking the Task]], which is the first of the four steps in [[Thinking Together|Thinking Together]]. The cards contain a number of different categories of task that a worker might want help with. Sometimes selecting a clear and specific task can be a challenge for workers, particularly since the experience of having a dilemma or feeling stuck is often related to a loss of mentalizing, which can make it more challenging for a worker to think through "//What exactly do I need help with?//".  The intention of getting a worker to select the relevant card and place it on the table is therefore to help with both the identification of the task and to create a playful way of helping the worker and the team hold the boundary around being clear about task //before //moving into [[Stating the Case|Stating the Case]] i.e. ("//You can't start until you've chosen your card and helped us understand what the task is//!"). 

''AMBIT usual suspects cards''

Developed by CASUS workers, these cards are intended to be given out to team members who are wanting to assist a worker in thinking about [[dis-integration|Dis-integration]] within a network. The worker can select the relevant professionals from the pack of cards, assign each of these cards to a member of the team and ask each team member to mentalize that worker's perspective in the discussion that follows. This may help to identify areas of agreement, dis-integration and possibilities for [[connecting conversations|Connecting Conversations]] that may be helpful. 

----
Click on the 'more' button under the manual manual to see a dropdown list of all the teams who have recieved [[AMBIT training]] and who have their own individual local manual.

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----
!!''What is here?''
AMBIT is a large and complex programme, and it is difficult to sum it up succinctly.  Is it a "therapy"?  Or is it a "Quality Improvement" approach?  It includes key elements of both. Below is an attempt to summarise it as succinctly as possible.  See [[AMBIT: an overview]] for more detail.
!!''The problem AMBIT is designed to help with''
Socially excluded clients with mental health problems and co-occurring difficulties (e.g. conduct disorder, family breakdown, homelessness, substance use, exploitation, educational failure/unemployment, offending behaviours) attract the involvement of multiple agencies. Poorly coordinated interventions often multiply in the face of such problems, so that a client or family is approached by multiple workers from different agencies working towards different goals and using different treatment models; these are often overwhelming and may actually be experienced as aversive by the client or their family, in spite of the best intentions by the many agencies. Failure to provide effective help is costly throughout life (effective early intervention in conduct disorder alone is estimated to save £150,000 per child; Friedli, 2007).
!!''What is AMBIT?''
AMBIT (Adaptive ~Mentalization-Based Integrative Treatment) is a framework to support developing practice, rather than a self-contained or "finished" model of therapy. It is designed to be a "work in progress".

AMBIT is a collaborative project that involves feedback from practitioners, clients and evidence based treatment designers.  It has been designed by and for community teams from Mental Health, Social Care, Youth work, or that may be purposefully multi-disciplinary/multi-agency.   It emphasises the need to strengthen integration in the complex networks that tend to gather around such clients, minimising the likelihood of an experience of care that is aversive.  It recognises that there will never be a single managed system for the networks of help that clients already exist within, and which professionals join when they become involved.  AMBIT uses well evidenced ‘[[Mentalization]]-based’ approaches, that are at their core //integrative// (drawing on recent advances in neuroscience, psycho-analytic, social cognitive, and systemic "treatment models").  Evaluations at local levels have offered very promising results, and to date (2014) over 80 teams have been trained in the UK, Switzerland and USA.  Publications in peer reviewed journals and presentations at international conferences have been well received, and demand for AMBIT training is very high. 

AMBIT uses evidence based approaches, initially developed for self-injurious, substance-using and often non-help-seeking, disaffected and socially excluded youth.  It offers a robust framework within which to coordinate and integrate interventions from a range of agencies, which address complex problems that occur at the same time across a range of domains (from the //biological//, through //individual psychological//, //family//, and //social// interventions, and including //Education// and //legal/forensic// services.)  At its core is “[[Mentalization]]”, based on the science of human communication, that has achieved strongly evidenced results with the condition known as adult borderline personality and also with adolescent self-injurious behaviour.  AMBIT is being applied in a widening range of treatment settings.  Mentalizing theory is favoured because it is intrinsically //respectful// to other schools of thinking, and it is relatively easy to train workers in the core competencies.  AMBIT places a very powerful emphasis on developing //strong supervisory relationships// between teams of workers, who are thus supported to form strong individual relationships of trust with young people, while close attention to professional peer relationships counters the risk of such client-worker relationships themselves becoming a destabilising influence, as is unfortunately often the case in this field.

A key goal in AMBIT is to improve young people’s [[Relationship to help]], to improve the likelihood of more adaptive help-seeking in the future, as well as addressing current symptoms, so prevention is at the heart of the AMBIT method of working.

AMBIT applies mentalization-based principles and practices in four main areas: 
>(a)	In ''direct work with clients'' (young people and their families or carers)
>(b)	In shaping and supporting ''relationships between workers in teams''
>(c)	In providing systematic approaches to identifying and addressing “dis-integration” ''in the complex multi-agency networks'' that gather around such youth
>(d)	In ''supporting local teams to adopt a learning stance'' towards their own practice, so that AMBIT is not simply a “one-size-fits-all” approach but supports the gathering of //local outcomes evidence//, and the use of this //to develop a judicious balance between the use of existing evidence-based ways of working, and the onwards development of local practice that is culturally sensitive to the needs of local youth and to the organisational contexts in which this care is delivered//.
AMBIT’s model for disseminating its knowledge and practices attempts to ''balance'' //centrally designed interventions// with constrained //local adaptation of the model to fit local systems, client groups, and onwards learning//.  It is supported in this by AMBIT’s national award winning wiki-based “manualizing” technology (see https://manuals.annafreud.org for general signposting to all wiki manuals, and https://tiddlywiki.com to learn about the tech that powers these manuals).

----

AMBIT conference 2014
<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/NMcx8Xm-y70?list=PLaZguIPxZjqaudOxA29jJE-ds2eGT3HoV" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

A rather hurried but packed conversation:

* ''Where to start?''
** How to introduce an organisation to AMBIT
** How to introduce AMBIT to the organisation

* We discussed the ''usefulness of the theory of'' [[Dis-integration]] - as the "natural resting state" of all complex multi-professional [let alone multi-agency] networks.  
** Establishing this ''reduces the likelihood ''professional shame'''' in talking about this (and reduces the possibility of workers in trouble shrinking away from help-seeking.)

* We discussed how critical it is to have ''Top-down and bottom-up conversations with staff in the organisation'' (senior managers/commissioners/CEO's AS WELL as street level workers; the latter are often easier to engage with the material and ideas.)
** Beware senior managers who engage AMBIT trainings more because "We need to spend this money before the end of the year, or it will be taken away from us" than because of an understanding of authentic need in the team.
** Discussion of the PREP day of pre-training preparation (see [[PREP day: Overview]])
** Never seems to have been as much senior management engagement as we wanted/thought we had achieved before the event!

* ''Barriers to discussion with senior management/commissioners''
** More difficult for managers to acknowledge a "learning gap" in their team, and to acknowledge their own need to understand what might be seen as "detailed clinical practice"...
** Easy to misunderstand the systemic/organisational implications of an AMBIT training
** Do the people commissioning AMBIT training understand what it is they are inviting in?!

* ''Upwards conversations "By Stealth"''
** Small influential "corridor conversations"
** Talking "their language" - especially [[Outcomes]].
*** see other discussion on [[Does AMBIT work? (Unconference conversation 2016)]]
*** Use of [[Elevator Pitch]] exercise with team: ''can you create an elevator pitch that summarises in 1 minute:''
**** The goals of the (training) project?
**** The Barriers to successful completion of the team's [[Implementation Plan]]
**** Proposed solutions to these barriers?

AMBIT is in some senses a way of working with young people or adult clients whose [[Relationship to help]] is non-conventional or troubled, and before they are ready to receive more mainstream forms of help. 

[[Active Planning]] provides:
|bgcolor(lightgrey): ''A FRAMEWORK for developing relationships'' where [[Epistemic Trust]] can be established |
And together with the other elements of [[AMBIT|AMBIT: an overview]] seeks to provide:
|bgcolor(lightgrey): ''CONTEXTS in which sustainable therapeutic change is most likely to become possible'' |

AMBIT aims to capture - from research-based [[Evidence]], workers, and [[Experts By Experience]] - some of the key dilemmas that workers experience, and to collect evidence-based practices that may assist with managing this, which are described as the [[Core Features of AMBIT]].  

We have produced 3 sets of <<tag [[AMBIT playing cards]]>> for use within supervision or case discussion contexts, which are based on ideas from several different AMBIT teams who had developed and used such cards in their team meetings. Each of these card sets is described below. 

''AMBIT stance cards''

The [[AMBIT stance cards]] were developed by the CASUS team, a substance use service for adolescents in Cambridgeshire. 

{{AMBIT stance cards}}

Each area of the AMBIT stance is printed on individual cards which are dealt out to team members. Each team member is responsible for holding that particular area of the stance in mind during the discussions. The purpose of this is to support a team to remain "on balance" by attending to the four different domains of AMBIT - Client, Team, Network and Learning - within the discussion taking place. 

''AMBIT Marking the Task cards''

The [[AMBIT Marking the Task cards]] cards are based on cards developed by the AMASS team in Islington, an edge of care team for adolescents, for use in their weekly group supervision. 

{{AMBIT Marking the Task cards}}

The purpose of the cards is to assist team members in [[Marking the Task]], which is the first of the four steps in [[Thinking Together|Thinking Together]]. The cards contain a number of different categories of task that a worker might want help with. Sometimes selecting a clear and specific task can be a challenge for workers, particularly since the experience of having a dilemma or feeling stuck is often related to a loss of mentalizing, which can make it more challenging for a worker to think through "//What exactly do I need help with?//".  The intention of getting a worker to select the relevant card and place it on the table is therefore to help with both the identification of the task and to create a playful way of helping the worker and the team hold the boundary around being clear about task //before //moving into [[Stating the Case|Stating the Case]] i.e. ("//You can't start until you've chosen your card and helped us understand what the task is//!"). 

''AMBIT usual suspects cards''

Developed by CASUS workers, the [[AMBIT usual suspects cards]] are intended to be given out to team members who are wanting to assist a worker in thinking about [[dis-integration|Dis-integration]] within a network. 

{{AMBIT usual suspects cards}}

The worker can select the relevant professionals from the pack of cards, assign each of these cards to a member of the team and ask each team member to mentalize that worker's perspective in the discussion that follows. This may help to identify areas of agreement, dis-integration and possibilities for [[connecting conversations|Connecting Conversations]] that may be helpful. Additionally the cards may be used within a group discussion or individual supervision to “sculpt” a network in order to make sense of the client’s system of help, visually map out dis-integration and consider the the differing perspectives. This is a quick and easy alternative to the [[Sculpting a network]] exercise and use of [[The AMBIT Pro-Gram]].

----
The AMBIT programme is led by [[Liz Cracknell]], with [[Laura Talbot]]
 as Deputy Programme Lead.  [[DickonBevington]] and [[Peter Fuggle]] are consultants to the programme, which is hosted at the [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]].

AMBIT is the work of a group of original [[Authors]], led by DickonBevington and [[Peter Fuggle]], but it has only come into its current shape through the contributions of hundreds of practitioners in the many teams that have had [[AMBIT training]] and have given feedback from the field.

<div style="background-color:lightblue">
<h1>Contact us</h1>
</div>

<div style="font-size:0.7em;text-align:left;margin-top:3em;margin-bottom:3em;">
<a href="mailto:ambit@annafreud.org" class="tc-btn-big-green" style="background-color:#5E9FCA;">
{{$:/core/images/mail}} Email the AMBIT programme
</a>
<a href="https://twitter.com/AFCambit" class="tc-btn-big-green" style="background-color:#5E9FCA;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
{{$:/core/images/twitter}} @AFCambit on Twitter
</a></div>

<div style="background-color:lightblue">
<h1>Programme Staff</h1>
</div>

!!Dickon Bevington
{{DickonBevington}}
!!Peter Fuggle
{{Peter Fuggle}}

!!Liz Cracknell
{{Liz Cracknell}}

!!Laura Talbot
{{Laura Talbot}}

!!Billie Delaney
{{Billie Delaney}}

!!Bea Herbert
{{Bea Herbert}}

<div style="background-color:lightblue">
<h1>AMBIT Assistant Trainers</h1>
</div>
{{AMBIT Assistant Trainers}}

!Key priorities for AMBIT 
1. Building access to ''data on outcomes''

2. Creating a more sustainable ''project management structure'':

*Clarifying/refining key organisational processes and roles in the training programme.
*Refining and recording updated curriculum for a consultation day
*Overseeing all AMBIT supervision (timetabling and structures)
* etc
3. New areas of research and applications:

* Manualizing as something that is now beyond just AMBIT
* [[Social Network Analysis]]

This is a means of helping a team to [[SUSTAIN best practice]] in their day to day work during [[Team Meetings]].

{{AMBIT stance cards}}

A set of playing cards with the each of main elements of the AMBIT stance (see [[Core Features of AMBIT]]) printed on one, is shuffled and the cards are dealt - one to each team member - at the beginning of a team meeting.

The holder of each card becomes a "stance monitor" for that particular aspect of practice during case discussions, trying to keep a focus for that meeting on whether there are particular aspects of practice influenced by that element of the stance that should be emphasised.

This technique works best if a certain amount of playfulness is allowed to lubricate the serious intent underlying it.  Stance bingo is an alternative that has been suggested...

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----
!!''Introduction''
<<tag [[AMBIT training]]>> is delivered by [[AMBIT Trainers]] who are experienced practitioners either working at the [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]] or working in teams that have made use of the AMBIT approach. Below is an overview of //training// in AMBIT, including links to all aspects of the training in the manual.

!!''Curriculum''
To get an idea of the curriculum see:  

*[[AMBIT: an overview]] 
*[[AMBIT Competencies]].
*[[AMBIT Training Principles]] 

!!''Considering training?'' 
If you are considering ambit training for your team pleas see the below links with some practical advice about enquiring. 

#There is [[Guidance for Teams Considering Applying for Training]].
#There is an [[AMBIT Training Application Process]]

!!''AMBIT training routes:''
There are a variety of different ways to get AMBIT training. We currently offer four types of training:

*Multi-Team training
*[[Train the Trainer|Training the Trainer (TTT) - training model]]
*[[International Train the Trainer|International Train the Trainer (TTT) Model]]
*Bespoke Team training 
For more information on these routes see the AFNCCF website page [[AMBIT Training|https://www.annafreud.org/training/mentalization-based-treatment-training/ambit-training-programme/]].

!!''Training resources in this manual''
# ''Our [[Training exercises]] are all included within this manual'' to encourage and support ongoing local training.
# ''Our [[Training slides]] are all freely available'' under a [[creative commons license|Licensed]]
# ''The [[AMBIT Training Tour]] (under construction, June 2015)'' will include, gather and organise in sequence all the major didactic teaching content from AMBIT trainings.


!!''FAQ's (Frequently Asked Questions)''
See [[AMBIT FAQ's|AMBIT FAQs]]

!!''History and other background information''
By 2015 this training has been delivered to over 90 teams (>1000 workers) in the U.K, //developing as it goes//, in keeping with the "Deployment-focused" approach to treatment development that AMBIT aspires to (see [[Weisz, Simpson-Gray (2008) Evidence-Based Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents]] and [[Bearman et al (2010) Adapting CBT to fit diverse youths and contexts: applying the deployment-focused model...]])

!!''Individual practitioners''
Individuals are occasionally offered introductory trainings via the [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]], which address the overarching theoretical framework, experiential training with a number of 'tools', and a brief introduction to the manualization aspects of [[AMBIT]].  However, ''full trainings are not offered to individuals'' as [[AMBIT]] is, above all else, a ''team practice''.

The following content is curated under the heading [[AMBIT-R training programme]]:

{{AMBIT-R training programme}}

!General notes
!!!__What is AMBIT-R?__

Cick on the button for a drop-down menu of each day's training curriculum for the <<tag [[AMBIT-R training programme]]>>

AMBIT-R stands for ''AMBIT-RESIDENTIAL'', a specific adaptation of the AMBIT training designed with and for workers in the Children's Residential Care sector, in and around the Great Manchester area.

This adaptation was made possible by funding from Health Education England (HEE) and by our partners in Manchester City Council, especially those members of staff in Children's Residential Care settings across the City who took part in the original three waves of training, that led to the development of this curriculum

!!!__Structure of the AMBIT-R training__

The core theory and practices of AMBIT are just the same in AMBIT-R, but the training programme has been adapted to suit the needs and preferences of the workers in this field.  There has been a particular effort to keep explanations of theory to a minimum, and to reflect preferences for //learning-by-doing// rather than through abstract (powerpoint illustrated) accounts.

!!!__Preparation for AMBIT training__
See [[PREP day: Overview]] and these notes made in Manchester:

In planning the training with commissioners, we seek clarity and transparency over the very obvious but important question of ''WHY ARE WE BEING ASKED TO DELIVER TRAINING HERE?''

* This is ''not just a training to share a few “special tricks”'' to make things work with young people
* This is a training ''to encourage a team (or teams) to collaborate with the trainers in developing locally applicable approaches and a local culture'' that will help a team do this hard work in ways that are more sustainable/fun/effective.
* Therefore, ''in order for this to work, it requires more than that trainees simply “turn up”''
* How do we create a basic platform to support continuous improvement?
** ''Senior managers must reassure staff'' (genuinely!) that this is NOT about reorganisation, special measures, etc, and nor is it about “tokenism” – throwing training at workers to sort out a training budget underspend, etc.  The message from the top down must be: “We are invested in this”
** ''AMBIT-R PREP sessions:'' Consider how to ensure the attendance of the right senior managers before the training begins: they must be clear about what they are commissioning. 
** ''Attendance of senior managers at training?''
*** There may be circumstances in which senior managers would want to attend for episodes during the training.  Could the team teach the “boss” what they need him/her to know about how they are trying to develop and work?  This would need the boss to be pre-warned about the purpose of such meetings…
*** It may make sense for senior managers to come for the whole training, or in other instances to make space for them to come on day 4, when the team(s) could present their understandings of what they have covered, and what support they want from their manager to implement things.
*** In some situations, a separate managerial stream for AMBIT-R trainings would make sense.  
*** ''These decisions will rely on local expertise'', as there is no definitive evidence base that can determine the right way to engage and involve both workers and managers effectively.
** Managerial support for WHOLE TEAM ATTENDANCE: this is a TEAM approach that needs commitment… this is about change… There are ideas about smart ways to approach rotas in order to facilitate this whole team attendance. 
** ''Pre-training reading or videos'' – some people like this.
** See the AMBIT crash course in short videos: [[here|https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJK5O2B_tNfmo8FRObOGKZ0jr3dhaiM_D]]. 
** ''Broadcast intentions'' around the pre-training questionnaire (ASEQ etc)
*** These are most definitely NOT to spy on you (!)
*** They are to help the trainers to get a reasonable idea of the team's existing strengths and challenges, and to offer the possibility of a pre- and post-training //measure// that could indicate outcomes for the team.

!!!__Materials required for Trainings__
This is a non-exhaustive list of materials required for a training:

* Projector, screen, leads, and laptop
* Access to ~WiFi
* Access to the online manual at https://manuals.annafreud.org/ambit
* USB stick for videos/slides (if wifi not reliable)
* Access to the first 6 minutes of the [[Fishtank film clip]] - either on DVD, online subscription, YouTube. 
* Room with space for floor exercises!
* POSTERS of the wheel (change “Key worker” to “Trusted Worker”)
* HANDOUTS – lay the materials out IN THE ORDER THEY TRAIN IN IT! E.g. Days 1, 2, 3, 4…
* Post-it notes (lots)
* Cardboard Cutout people (blanks - a commercial example is [[here|https://www.cardboardcutoutstandees.com/?gclid=CjwKCAiAksvTBRBFEiwADSBZfIEh37j2uDiIaY71mULYVQgmzH7gJJ9uj8XDlgHrgR7ToADSQlgxdxoC8EIQAvD_BwE]])
* Flipcharts and Pens
* Powerpoint slides, Projector, Screen, Internet connection and laptop
* Extension lead
* A Brain (model!)
* Cones and Voice-changers for last exercise/game

!!!__On the use of Videos__
Many of the videos were originally made for this project, as a way of "compressing" the theory elements of the curriculum.  However, the general feedback from early versions of the AMBIT-R training that trialled these videos, was that they were still //too long// or //took away from the authority/liveliness// of the face to face training that was important to staff.

We therefore recommend that the <<tag Videos>> are better used as:

* ''Preparatory work for [[AMBIT Local Trainers]]'', so that they are clear what the key learning points are.
* ''Resources ([[Training exercises]]) for teams to use POST-Training'', in locally-run top-up sessions
** watch ONE video at the beginning of a team meeting
** discuss this/do one of the [[Training exercises]] to practice this/monitor your team’s use of these ideas in the week ahead
* E.g. watch the [[Epistemic Trust]] video as a team
** Ask each team member to talk with a partner about how they might try to use (or have in the past used) epistemic trust, or these ideas.
** Ask them to apply this in a more purposeful way in the week ahead, and report back to the team about how this went, and whether this makes a difference.  
** Next week: feedback on this session, and on how this “tryout” went.

Repeat with next video!

!Intro:
These are notes for AMBIT facilitators and trainers, to support them in working through a structured AMBIT training, using film clips to support the exercises and team discussions in the room.

See [[AMBIT-R training programme]] for introductory material, materials, etc.

!DAY 1

!!__1. Activity: Before we start, where are you now?__

Before any discussion, collect baseline measures (unless this has already been done at a [[PREP day|PREP day: Overview]]):

* [[AMBIT Service Evaluation Questionnaire (ASEQ)]] questionnaire
* [[GHQ-12]] Questionnaire
* Any other measures (as agreed in the PREPARATORY sessions (see notes in [[AMBIT-R training programme]], and [[PREP day: Overview]])
** ''Why?'' - because we (us trainers, and you participants!) all need to know whether this makes any positive difference!

!!__2. Activity: Introductions__

This is to get people to warm up, to know a bit about each other, to have an experience that //''they are going to be invited to involve themselves!''//

!!!Speed dating 
* Get up, all walk around the room in random patterns. 
* Every minute or so, the trainers call STOP!
* At this, people partner up with the person nearest to them, and on each occasion they're told to find out from each other ONE of the following options:
** Why are you here?  Invite feedback on people’s understanding of their partner’s answer.  (NB do NOT ask people to feedback their OWN answers!)
** What do you really want from this training? ditto
** What do you really NOT want? ditto
* Ask for general feedback on what was interesting in what they heard.
** FLIP CHART ANY THEMES that come up.

!!!Guidance notes on speed dating:
* Get the context clear before starting: this is an ordinary introductions warm up //BUT there is a twist to it that will help us to think about this thing called Mentalizing//, so __pay attention!__
* ''Record the THEMES'' arising from the group, ideally on a big blank version of the AMBIT wheel 
** Record points in one of the four quadrants, depending on whether they relate to:
*** CLIENT work
*** TEAM work
*** NETWORKS
*** LEARNING at work.
* ''Record as QUOTATIONS in the CENTRE of the wheel any MARKERS of Mentalizing'' that you notice in the reporter who introduces the other person:
** //“I’m not sure but…”//
** //“What I understood from X is...” //
** Are they using eye contact and verbal checking in with the person they are introducing (//“Did I get that OK?”//)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
* Ask ''what it was LIKE to be the introducer of the other person?''
** Look for anxiety to get it right, do them justice, etc - //we all know how painful it is to be misrepresented!//)
* Ask ''what it was like to BE INTRODUCED''
** What was it like if/when the introducer //did get something slightly wrong?// (there is something important at stake if we are mentalizing each other!)

!!!Other (older) ways of doing intros

See the conventional AMBIT approach to [[Initial introductions at a Training event]]

!!__3. Discussion: Planning the day__
* You are just going to spend 5 - 10 minutes briefly ''outline the shape of the training'' that lies ahead:
** It lasts for 4 days
** It has //some// "curriculum" (stuff to learn)
** but it is designed //at least as much// to encourage ''team learning'',  so the //conversations between and within teams// that will take place through the training //are at least as important//.
* ''Expectation management:''
** ''Day 1 is IMPORTANT but is //nearly always the toughest!//'' - it is where most of the curriculum is presented.
** This is a //normal// part of the journey, so ''don't worry if it doesn't all make sense after Day 1!''
** ''Days 2, 3 and 4'' are much more about putting this theory into your own team's practice in ways that - we hope - help your team to develop and improve.

!!!More about the background of this training
* ''__Who built it?__'' This is a training designed for you by other ''people who work with Looked After Children in Manchester'', alongside members of the AMBIT programme (from the [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]])
* ''__What's the point?__'' Defining goals for the training (reminder about the Pre-training preparation – this is not about topping you up with a few extra magical “Ninja-skills” in how to persuade young people to be calm/happy/obedient/etc!)
** We are assuming that you are probably ''already quite good at this work''
** ...so this training is more about:
*** how to work as an effective TEAM
*** how the team can work as well as possible in a wider NETWORK
*** how the team might keep CHANGING how it works (Learning) in ways that make sense to its members and which fits the evidence
*** More generally, the training is about helping workers to recognise that //“it is OK to not be OK”// at times in this work… this work is ALWAYS going to raise emotions in us as well as in our clients.  So in a practical way it is about “keeping our sense of direction”, especially in the middle of the storms that will always be likely to occur at times in this work.
* ''__Expectation Management:__'' Warn attendees how the first day(s) are always the hardest - because there is some NEW learning (about the brain, stress, and the effect this has on how we make sense of each other and ourselves) - ''They don't have to get it all in one go - but it should come together by Day 3 and 4!''


!!__4. Exercise: What are your existing strengths?__

First, do no harm by undermining existing expertise (//training is like treatment - if you are not careful it can have side effects!//)

* ''AMBIT is all about the need to [[Respect local practice and expertise]].''
* ''What of your existing practice must this training scaffold and strengthen'', and not undermine?
* ''AMBIT is "ADAPTIVE"'' mentalization-based integrative treatment - it is NOT about sweeping away existing practice and relationships, but providing an adaptable framework for services to improve themselves, based on current theory and evidence-based practice.

* ''EXERCISE'':
** Do the [[Elevator Pitch]] - a 60 second pitch "for an interested donor/commissioner with money in their pocket"
* ''TRAINERS PLEASE NOTE:'' - the //point// of this exercise is NOT for the teams to win the money, but to try to clarify in their own minds what are their existing strengths and how and why they do things the way they do... //and to practice communicating this in a snappy way that they could all share//.
** Why do we do what we do?
** What do we do well?
** Why do we do it like that?

{{Elevator Pitch}}

---
!!BREAK for COFFEE/TEA
---

!!__5.  What makes this work hard?__

!!!5(a) Activity: Describe the challenges

* Invite group to develop as RICH a collection of different stresses and strains as they can (//"think as broadly as you can!"//)
* Write down each stressor on a post-it note.
* When ready, hand them in one at a time
* Trainers:
** Read them out one at a time - //''Note to trainers:'' clarify - have you really understood what they mean? - this is a helpful way of modelling the "mentalizing stance"//
** Place each note on floor in the middle of the circle (''Note to trainers:'' keep the suspense! //Without marking them out in advance//, agree as trainers where each quadrant on the AMBIT wheel is positioned on the floor, then as they are read out, place each post-it note in the relevant quadrant - ''CLIENT, TEAM, NETWORK'' and ''LEARNING'').
** ''If you are tech-savvy'' (!), take a photograph of the post-it notes, and use a photo-editing app on your phone to create a "double exposure", overlaying the picture of the post-it notes on this image of the AMBIT wheel.

[img[AMBIT Wheel_B+W_round.jpg]]

[img[Wheel and probs.jpeg]]

* ''LEARNING POINTS FOR THE TRAINERS:''
** Discuss with your training partner: //what is the balance or spread of the different problems and challenges this team describes?//
** If there are ''problems identified in ALL FOUR "Quadrants"'' of the AMBIT wheel, then this is generally a POSITIVE:
*** It suggests that this is a team that is intuitively thinking/mentalizing about their practice in a broad (AMBIT) way.
** If there are ''NO problems identified in a quadrant'', that is a helpful prompt for us as trainers to become curious about this: 
*** Most commonly, teams identify the least number of "problems" in the [[LEARNING at work]] quadrant - which we think is worth us worrying about a bit!)  Ask a few follow up questions to probe this:
**** Do you all feel that you are "on the same page" with the details of how you work, and why you do things in a certain way?
**** Do you ever get into confusion with "too many ideas" about what to do, or how to do it?
**** Do you ever set up formal opportunities talk about how to do this work?
*** Do you know how other people in the team do their work?
**** Would you all induct a new team member to the team in the same basic way, introducing the same basic practices and beliefs?
**** Does you team know how effective its work is (and if so, how)?
**** Does your team know which kinds of client or problems it most struggles to get positive outcomes for (and if so, how)?
** Which quadrant seems to hold the most "tension" or the strongest feelings? - Check back with the team to see if that is their experience.
*** Identifying this might influence the time allocated to exercises practicing mentalizing in that specific quadrant of the work for that specific team (//this is an example of ''adaptation'' in the AMBIT method/training!//)
* ''Most teams want some reassurance:''
** We are reassured by teams that can acknowledge the challenges in their work (teams that identify no challenges may be in a kind of [[Pretend mode]] non-mentalizing state of mind.)
** We see this work as //inherently// difficult and challenging, and would be most worried if a worker (or whole team) claimed not to recognise these kinds of dilemmas 
** We have never met a team that doesn't face these kinds of dilemmas
* ''AMBIT is an approach that has been designed by and for workers facing these kinds of dilemmas''
** it starts from an attempt to recognise and record the difficulty
** rather than offering an "easy solution"
** in the AMBIT programme's experience (training hundreds of teams across the world) ''there is a great deal in common with the kinds of problems faced'', even though the details are very specific 
* ''SHOW THE AMBIT WHEEL''
** We will cover this in more detail later, and thorughout the training, but for now, note that AMBIT has been developed for teams that identify challenges in all four quadrants:
*** [[Working with your CLIENT]]
*** [[Working with your NETWORKS]]
*** [[Working with your TEAM]]
*** [[LEARNING at work]]

!!!5(b) Activity: Create examples (Our Clients)

* Get into small groups
* Think of 1 - 3 typical (''ANONYMISED'') clients that your team works with
* Generate comments on Post-it notes that describe their perspective:
** feelings
** beliefs
** past and present experiences
** external pressures 
* If you have ''cardboard cut-outs'' available then stick the post-it notes on these, and keep them in the room during the training
* ''If AMBIT training doesn't help you to be more helpful to them, then AMBIT training is not helpful''

!!__6. Activity: Develop Training Goals__ for the team

* Goals are ''aspirations, hopes, "best case scenarios"'' but can also be used to measure progress...
** Later on, today, we will create some ideas of how to measure our progress ([[Outcomes measures]]) 
** Just for now, the exercise is about allowing the team to generate ''hopeful aims and aspirations that //make sense to them//'' in relation to the challenges that they all face.
** If these have already been drafted in a PREP day, remind the team what these were.
** Focus minds on areas of the [[AMBIT Wheel]] that were particularly challenging for their team in the earlier exercises
* ''Create a simple list/artistic poster to record these''
** Later we will work on creating some more detailed measures that the team could use to know whether it was making progress.
** These will influence the [[Implementation Plan]] that we will develop towards the end of the training

''Trainer Notes''

* ''Here the trainers can do [[Broadcasting Intentions]]'' - //"What we are trying to do here with you..."//
** We want to help teams to do the work that they do, but in ways that they know to be //better//
** We take a position that no team on earth could ever find nothing about its work to improve upon!
* ''Stating the obvious'': 
** //"You are in a helping relationship ''with us as your trainers/facilitators''"//
** You bring your team's practice and experience, in the hope that together we can help improve things.
* ''Parallel processes:''
** Meeting you as a team, is very like when we meet a client
** We cannot start helping until you have some trust in us
** You are unlikely to trust us until you feel we have a basic understanding of how things are for you... 
* ''Different intentions and expectations between team members:''
** Some teams (or individuals in those teams) will come a with clear idea about what they want help with to improve, others will not.
** It is important to acknowledge in a //team-based// training (not everyone has individually signed up for this!) it is likely that some people don't want to be here at all!
*** This is fine: "people are where people are"
*** We //do not// want to deny the different perspectives in the room
*** We //do ask// that attendees try to access positive intentions towards contributing to the team's practice, even if they also feel scepticism, or other frustrations
* In this training, the conversations and decisions that teams can have amongst themselves are as important as the "theory/learning" that comes from the front of the room.

!!__7. Discussion: What is AMBIT designed for?__

* If you want, you can watch a video about the nature of the difficulties that AMBIT has been developed to address:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/g2bk7sSKD-c" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

* If not, just use a poster or projection of the [[AMBIT Wheel]] to give a "quick walk around":
** (a) Emphasise the need for BALANCE
*** AMBIT does ''not just focus all attention'' on the relationship and work with the Client 
*** AMBIT shows that to be SUSTAINABLE and EFFECTIVE, there needs to be equal emphasis on the workings of
**** ''Team''
**** ''Network''
**** and opportunities for ''Learning'' from evidence and local experience
** (b) Point out that in the middle is some of the science of communication (//“making sense of each other”//) (= [[Mentalization]])


* Group discussions and feedback
** Divide the large group into groups of c. 3-4
** 5 minutes of conversation
** Take feedback

!!8. Activity: Clarifying your own team's training goals

* ''EXERCISE - Creating Goals Based Outcomes''
** In groups/teams spend 15-20 minutes trying to come up with 4 desirable training outcomes for your team, at least one from each of the 4 Quadants of the wheel.
** ''Trainers:'' if the teams seem to be getting stuck with this, PAUSE the exercise and help them focus:
*** Has this team ever sat down together to think about these things in such an explicit way?
*** This might feel //energising// or in contrast it might feel //overwhelming//
*** One of the habits that we hope an AMBIT training might help teams to develop is to spend //some time// in their working week reflecting and having dialogue about how and why they do what they do, and whether there are ways they could improve.
*** The question they are asking: //"If this training was to be helpful for us what would be different 3 months from now in each of these four areas of our work?"//
** Record these on flipcharts/photograph/or manualize them

!!8. THE CORE IDEA: MENTALIZING

* Ask the teams: //has anyone here already got some knowledge or experience of mentalizing in practice?//
** When people do have existing knowledge, try to acknowledge that the thing about mentalizing is that it is "simple but slippery" so hearing different accounts, can help to enrich our understanding.
** It's one thing to UNDERSTAND this stuff, but quite another to EXPLAIN it to someone else in ways that they can make sense of.
* The ''AMBIT training is not a THEORETICAL training, but above all a practical one'', //based on the best reading of evidence that we have at present//
** There is a huge amount of science  - some of it very complicated - BENEATH the surface of mentalizing (Brain and [[Developmental Considerations]], [[Attachment theory]], [[Psychodynamic theory]], [[SocialCognitiveTheory]], [[SystemsTheory]] and the theory of [[SocialEcology]])
** This may or may not be of interest for  practitioners in the field. 
** What we are interested in is the practical applications.
** What follows, therefore is a //'boiled down concentrate'// of the most important parts of this idea - [[Mentalization]] - that is the "load-bearing axle" in the middle of the [[AMBIT Wheel]].
* Watch video
** For most teams (short version - 10 mins):
<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/sq61A5wGC8o" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

** For teams who want more academic detail (longer version - 20 mins):

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mCqrgQSe2MY" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

*''Small group discussion''
** Which bits make sense to you, which do not?  
*** How might you talk about these ideas with a colleague? 
*** With a Client?
** If people respond with confusion, reassure - we will revisit this throughout the 4 days
** If people respond with "This is what we do anyway" - then this is:
***(a) a relief - it would be odd to think that there was some magical new thing to replace what has worked for centuries
***(b) a challenge - do you //really use these ideas in systematic, regular ways?//
* How would you know that somebody's pre-frontal cortex is busy (that they are actively Mentalizing)?
** See the [[Features of Successful Mentalizing]] for more details on this.

---
! BREAK for LUNCH
---

!!8. WATCH FISH TANK CLIP

Watch the [[Fishtank film clip]] and discuss:

* where did you see evidence of Mentalizing?
* see notes on this exercise on the page [[Fishtank film clip]] 

{{Fishtank film clip}}

!!9. PRACTICE Mentalizing WITH TEAM-MATES.

!!!9(a) ''Reminder - it's not just our clients whose mentalizing wobbles!'' 

AMBIT suggests that it it is ''just as important'' to create strong (accurately-mentalized) relationships with your TEAM-MATES as it is to do the same with your clients.
* The analogy of the climber (the worker "out there alone with the client") and the partner holding their rope.  Do we have the right communication to know when our partner needs us to "hold on" or to pay out rope?

!!!9(b) Exercise: The [[Passed-outwards Discussion]] or 'POD'
<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0hea7zaIZdw" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>
* After the exercise:
<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/q1MNTgDLvYU" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

!!!9(c) Additional Trainer/facilitator notes on the POD:
Note: there may be some repetition from above material, and this is really more "background reading".

{{Passed-outwards Discussion}}

---
!!TEA BREAK
---

!!!10. Putting it together: What's the POINT of mentalizing? EPISTEMIC TRUST!

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZBeEOkwLToM" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

* ''Group discussion:'' Keep this discussion reasonably brief
** Emphasise that //effective work// - whether as a therapist, or a residential care worker, or a teacher, or social worker, etc, etc, //almost always requires that we create some epistemic trust.//
** If we did NOT create Epistemic Trust, then our clients would never try anything new based on our work with them after they walk out of the door!
** //What mentalizing work does// is give us the explanation for WHY what we do works (when it does) and it helps us to focus our efforts on the really effective things that we can do.
** ''__NOTE!__ Epistemic Trust is NOT BASED ON SPECIAL TRAINING OR SENIORITY OF ROLES OR EXPERTISE'' 
** Helping systems have historically been rather poor at recognising this
** They have //down-played// the importance of Epistemic Trust, while //emphasising// (hierarchical) specialist skills.
** ''We are NOT wanting to undermine the importance of specialist skills'', but we ARE wanting to //promote the importance of Epistemic Trust//, and the value in creating systems of help that look out for, and really value Epistemic Trust when they see it.

!!!11. Putting it together: what is AMBIT?

* Watch video:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HrEgDdsohNo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

* Group discussion: 
** What do they make of this?
** How do they see this as applying to their day to day work?
*** Where do they see their work as "in balance", and where does it get "out of balance"?
*** Which quadrant do they see as the most challenging for their team?
* Feedback

---
!!END
---

!DAY 2

!!1. Recap and feedback on DAY 1 (up to 30 minutes)
* Discuss in small groups
** //What has stayed in your mind that seems valuable?//
** //Any key things that you are left unclear/concerned about?//
* Each small group feeds back one or two points from their discussion to the wider group
** Take notes on flipchart of any points that might need further attention

''Notes for trainers''

* ''The aim of this discussion'' is to get an understanding of the range of current states of mind that the group is in.
** You won't win their [[Epistemic Trust]] if they don't feel that you have understood their position.
** Remember that //a wide range of feedback is quite normal// at this stage: it may range from enthused to confused!
* ''Responding to the confused/stuck/unimpressed:''
** First, //avoid a glib answer that seeks to"quick fix" it// (this would be you falling into [[Teleological thinking]], rather than [[Mentalization]]).  Instead, seek to ensure that you have understood (accurately mentalized) how this person is confused/stuck/unimpressed - //do they feel that you have 'got them' properly?//
** Next, //offer reassurance to people that this training is a process// (not really a "product") - the next three days will be spent getting more into the detail of what AMBIT is (putting some mentalizing into areas of work where it often gets left out.)
** //Advice and instruction://
*** Our experience of training many teams is that things usually become clearer over the course of the different days - try to live with this uncertainty. 
*** For those who do feel a bit unclear at this point some advice that is worth giving: //"You can still help by 'bringing your mind along' and contributing"//:
**** When there are opportunities for team dialogue, engage:
**** Help to ensure that your team is having the conversations that it needs to have
**** Help create the best conditions possible for this conversation to bear fruit
* ''Trainers aim to hold a balance'' between:
** (a) //Being responsive to feedback// by making any necessary adjustments where appropriate (i.e. clarifying some content; giving more practical examples etc)
** (b) //Holding the boundaries of the training curriculum// - getting through the materials/exercises is all about creating a space for teams to embark on their own learning journeys
*** If there are trainees who take a more "combative" position, particularly if they are strong characters who can somewhat dominate a quieter group, it is important to avoid allowing their position to get in the way of the whole team's learning opportunities.
*** Such situations are rare; very occasionally it is helpful to set aside some time in a break to discuss with an individual your perception that their behaviour might risk shutting down other team members from feeling able to engage with the learning.  Our experience as a training team has been that "sharing our dilemma" with such individuals, and //inviting them to help us// to make the training as safe as possible for all team members to explore/learn is often effective.  They may be experiencing this external training as being //disrespectful// of their existing expertise and practices - which is, of course, exactly the opposite of our AMBIT stance, which includes the principle to [[Respect local practice and expertise]]
** This is, of course, a good example of us trainers using [[Active Planning]] (which we cover in Day 3 under "Working with your Client": balancing ''Plans/Doing'' with ''Broadcasting'' ('why we are doing this') and ''Sensitive Attunement'' to our audience.  Because //we are all "imperfect mentalizers"// we will always be slightly off-balance, but holding this balance is our aim! 
* ''If there are "technical" or "theoretical" questions:''
** These can be "parked" on a flipchart
** There are plenty of books and papers, and all these are listed and described in the online manual (search "[[Academic references]]" or use this direct link: https://manuals.annafreud.org/ambit/#%5B%5BAcademic%20references%5D%5D ) 
** ''If theory questions threaten to derail the task'' of getting into practice, then //gently// remind people about the [[Pretend mode]] (one of the three ways that people "fall out of" balanced mentalizing)!
** ''Your role as a trainer/facilitator'' is //NOT to be the expert on the theory, but on creating and holding the context for teams to learn...//
*** ...about one another
*** ... and to experience each other (and other professionals) as separate minds worth making sense of (i.e. mentalizing)
* ''Trainers are not Experts on the local settings/organisational challenges for specific teams''.  This may seem obvious, but it is common that trainees invite trainers to take up positions of commenting on/solving details of local implemetation //that they cannot possibly actually know.//  i.e. Trainers/facilitators shouldn't feel under pressure to offer quick-fixes or immediate responses to all the dilemmas or concerns that trainees raise. ''For example:''
*** ...there might be some concerns about the applicability of the [[Team around the Worker]] ideas to a particular team's service context
*** ...there may be questions about how a team should deal with a specific Service manager, or Commissioner whom they perceive as "difficult", or some other organisational issue that is really outside the scope of what a trainer could be expected to solve (//"it is just not in my AMBIT to solve this!"//)
*** ...or a belief that attempts to improve network functioning in town X will inevitably be unsuccessful.
*** ...questions about how a particular ethnic group may or may not make sense of the mentalizing model of human interaction
** Trainers may wish just to ''validate or "roll with" these perspectives/challenges, rather than seeking to argue or change them at this stage:'' invite people to revisit these perspectives throughout the training as they learn/experience more of the content.

!!2. Preparing for today

''Project the AMBIT Wheel:''

[img[AMBIT Wheel_B+W_round.jpg]]

For the rest of the training days, we will be "walking around the wheel" practicing ways to use [[Mentalization]] in each of the four quadrants:

* ''Day 1'' tends to be the hardest (most theory, least practice)
* ''Day 2, today'' will focus on:
** ''Morning:'' [[Working with your TEAM]] help-seeking conversations and the well-connected team
** ''Afternoon:'' [[Working with your NETWORKS]] - Dis-integration in networks, and systematic efforts mentalize between different professionals and informal helpers. 
* ''Day 3'' will focus on [[Working with your CLIENT]] and on [[LEARNING at work]] - especially on helping to create and sustain a "well-connected team"
* ''Day 4'' will focus on practicing more about [[LEARNING at work]] and on //implementing change// in the year ahead.

** From now on we are trying to put these things into practice.

!!3. EXERCISE: "a well-connected team"

!!!Scene-setting:

Watch this video by Peter Fuggle:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Zs37DCK2-A4" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

* ''Trainers should feel able to cover the following ideas/points during this section:''
** (1) Creating and maintaining a [[well-connected team|Keyworker well-connected to wider team]] is one of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]]; one of the eight elements of our ''principled AMBIT stance'' (the outer ring of the [[AMBIT Wheel]]).
** (2) Remember that each quadrant of the [[AMBIT Wheel]] has two "principles" attached to it, which describe one of the main dilemmas in that quadrant of the work.  If you get ONE of these principles going well, it can often make you lose sight of the other one.
** (3) In [[Working with your TEAM]] the principle of "[[Keyworker well-connected to wider team]]" counterbalances the pull of trying to ensure that there are strong ''Individual [[KeyWorker]] relationships''.  It is very easy for a worker who develops a very powerful relationship with their client to then get a bit isolated from the help that their team-mates could provide (//"I'm the only one in this team who __really __ understands and cares about X"//).
* ''A helpful image/metaphor:''
** In the work that we do, it is very easy to think that it is all about how technically good at "climbing" I am, and to lose sight of //"who is holding onto my rope"//:

[img[LoneClimber.jpg]]

!!3 (a) - Taking stock of our team

!!!''Discuss in small groups (max 10 minutes):'' 
//How does this team already provide support and help to its members?//

* Think of as many different //places, times, and ways// that help-giving and help-receiving between team-mates already happens
* Think of some of the ways that, sometimes, the team is //not as helpful// to its members as it might usually intend to be?
* Note these down on flipchart paper

!!!''Large group feedback:'' (points for trainers to ensure they cover)

* ''This team is //already a helping system//'' - otherwise people wouldn't stay in their posts!
** //AMBIT does not want to change what is already working//, but to "finesse" and make small adjustments to //maximise// the helpfulness that team members provide for each other... 
** AMBIT seeks to make "helping my team-mates" (and accepting their help) into a core part of day-to-day practice, not a "luxury added extra" or an "extra mile" for workers to feel they have to walk.
*''What does a "well-connected team" actually mean?''
** A team in which ''asking for and receiving help'' from team-mates is:
*** ''Expected behaviour'', from all team members
*** ''Taken seriously'' - as a core part of our work (helping a colleague is //not// "going an extra mile" or "out of the kindness of my heart"!)
*** ''Performed effectively'' - we will cover some disciplined ways to support this next...
** A team in which all members know "who is holding their rope", and have good enough communication to tell them when to //"hold tight"// and when to //"let me have some slack"//
** A team in which those "holding the rope" for their colleagues //know how to alert them to risks that they might not yet have seen// without that being taken as criticism (we will cover this in Day 3).
* //''This work IS STRESSFUL''//
** It is ''normal and proper'' to feel anxious doing this work (sometimes, not all of the time, or so much that you can't function!)
** If you do NOT feel anxious sometimes, you are probably in the wrong job!  You are denying the real risks involved, a good example of the [[Pretend mode]] of non-mentalizing.
** Because we get stressed occasionally (however that might 'look' in our particular case - different people react to stress differently) our own capacity to Mentalize will sometimes reduce (ie. we are human)
** Because of that, we need the perspectives, knowledge, practical and emotional support of our colleagues: //when a trusted person mentalizes us accurately, we tend to recover our own abiity to mentalize//.
* So, in summary: //''Beware the "Lone-ranger" worker''//, who never seems to require the support of team members.

!! 3(b) Help-giving for team-mates can be hard to do

* Play //one// of the two videos on ''Thinking Apart'' to the group:

Either this one (Laura and Charlie):

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dhVwRaNGmtk" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

Or this one (Dickon and Peter):

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GMKWnfMN6uo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

* ''Divide into small groups: discuss the scenario''
** What went "right" and what went "wrong"?
** ''These videos are just "caricatures"'':
*** do they reflect some of the realities of trying to help/being helped in your team?
*** have they missed out any other ways that help-giving can be hard to get right?

---
!TEA/COFFEE BREAK
---

!!4. A disciplined approach to helping conversations: "Thinking Together"

AMBIT is about helping teams to //"take back control"// of their local culture; purposefully trying to create the best possible environment for being well-connected. This section of the morning is about practicing ways to allow more mentalizing helping conversations between team members.

!!4(a) Play the video introducing [[Thinking Together]]:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/nYFxbzL76aI" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

* Small group discussions (brief discussion for 5 minutes): what made sense in that?

!!4(b) Play one of the video demonstrations of "Thinking Together":

Either this one (Laura and Charlie):

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iUaWgJ2ibiE" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

Or this one (Dickon and Peter):

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZeSW-uWFfE0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

Here the ''"4-step dance"'' is illustrated: a conversation that has four distinct stages:

# Marking the Task
# Stating the Case
# Mentalizing the Moment
# Return to Purpose

!!4(c) Practice this

* __''Get into THREES:''__
** A help-seeker, 
** A helper
** An observer
* __''Help-seeker'':__ Someone happy to bring a real clinical dilemma (not a piece of tough work, that they are secretly quite proud of, but a piece of work that they are genuinely a bit worried about, or feel as though they might be "going wrong" with.  
** //''NOTE TO TRAINERS:'' remind groups that (unless there were immediate safeguarding concerns!) the CONTENT of these discussions will remain confidential within these small groups of three; ''only the experiences of the PROCESS will be shared later.''//)
* __''Helper'':__ Use the 4 step Thinking Together process to help you help your colleague
** When you are first practising it is helpful to announce which "step" you are in, and when you are switching to the next one.
** When you switch to step 3, Mentalizing the Moment, //try to change your physical posture a bit, pause, and breathe (!)//; you are trying to create a sense of relaxation, of purposefully not being so focused on an end-point, but of creating space for both of you now to //use your imagination// (which is what Mentalizing is!)
** Some people describe Mentalizing the Moment as the "soft centre" - like those sweets that have a hard coating!
* __''Observer'':__ Remain silent, but watch with some specific questions in mind:
** //At any point in time, am I aware which of the four steps we are currently engaged in?//
** //Am I completely clear in my mind what TASK it is that the help-seeker is inviting the helper to join in with?//
** //How do I feel the Help-seeker and the Helper are experiencing this?//
** //How could I give feedback to each of them at the end in a way that is likely to be experienced as helpful?//

* ''__Trainers: Allow 12 minutes for the exercise__''
** Emphasise that this is a "realtime" exercise - designed for use in the rush of real working life.
** Emphasise that of course you CAN use the same format over a longer period (a supervision hour, a team case discussion, etc) but here we want people to get a sense of the STEPS and the FORM of these "disciplined" conversations 
** ''Call out time at c.5 minutes:''
*** //"Are you all really clear what Task has been marked?"//  
*** //"Have you set enough a bit of time for Mentalizing?"//
** ''Call out time at c.10 mins:''
*** //"Have you started to return to purpose yet?"//

!!4 (d) Take feedback from groups: How was it for you?

* ''Common feedback'' 
** (and suggested responses)
* ''__(a) [[Marking the Task]] was hard to do, or "took too long"__''
** This is nearly always the case, in most teams
** We are rarely clear when we start talking to a colleague about what it is that we want from them (ie we start talking //before we have mentalized ourselves//).  In these situations how much harder must it be for our helpful colleague to be helpful, or even to know what they should be listening out for?
** Sometimes "the task" may actually be to help work out what, in a complicated story filled with feelings and concerns, should actually be the top priorities.  If that is the case, then //Mark it//! This alone will help the would-be-helper to be more helpful.
* ''__(b) //"Woodenness" in having to use such a structured format//__ for a conversation that "should be natural".''
** This is why we need to train together (we //don't do individual// AMBIT trainings - it is //only a team approach//.)
** It only really works if //both parties know// that this is a //disciplined// and highly purposeful kind of conversation... and know what to expect
** If I have shared some training with my colleague, I can "put up with this tough, boundaried beginning to our conversation" - even if it can feel wooden or blunt - because //I know that this will make it more possible for my helpful colleague to properly ''attend to __me__''// (how this affects me, what I am really concerned about, what - and why - I think I need to move forwards safely, effectively, etc) later in the conversation (when we get to to the 3rd step of [[Mentalizing the Affect]], or [[Mentalize the Moment]]).
** Once people get used to this, it gets much easier to "not be wooden"!
* ''__(c) //"Trying to keep to the rules" took my attention away//__ from what I wanted to be thinking and talking about.''
** This is common - especially when the steps are unfamiliar
** It is especially so in teams where there is already a clear culture of "how we talk to each other"... try to 'trust the process' and play with new ways of working.
** ''Practice'' will reduce this experience
** ''Clarity'' about //why doing it in this way makes sense// reduces this experience
* ''__(d) Helper feels //"forced into being rude"//__'' by having to create such clear boundaries (especially in [[Marking the Task]])
** Ditto the points given above, about why we only use this across teams that have //shared this training//.
** If you know the intention behind this "upside down" approach to conversation (defining what a successful end-point would be, before you actually have the conversation) it feels less "rude" or "wooden"
** You //can use this with people who are untrained//, but to do so, you need to invest additional time at the beginning (as a would-be helper) in //explaining how and why you want to conduct this conversation in this way// - if the help-seeker is very anxious, this might not be the right time for such a conversation!
* ''__(e) 'Mentalizing the Moment' can make would-be helpers feel anxious:__'' - //"have I done it properly?"// or //"I didn't know how to start mentalizing"//
** Remember the [[Passed-outwards Discussion]] exercise on Day 1: the effort of the listener is //__first to understand, not to solve__// - mentalizing the moment in the Thinking Together routine is just the same.
** Remember that the first rule of mentalizing the moment is ''First, mentalize the worker, not the client'' (the client is not present, but your colleague is!)
** One easy way to get started is to //ask the worker to help you be sure you have understood ''how this situation has made them __feel__''// (as opposed to what they believe has caused this, whose fault it is, or what they think should happen next, etc)
** Another tip is to mimic the [[Passed-outwards Discussion]] a bit; try to "tell their story back to them, as if 'from the edge of the pond'" - in ways that you hope will allow them to feel that you have heard them, and made sense of (ie mentalized) their dilemma/worry/predicament.
** Once the helper gives the help-seeker a sense that they are at least partially understood (and understandable) it is likely that the help-seeker will already have begun to feel less isolated/misunderstood/stressed and will start mentalizing themself.
** //Helping our colleagues get back into a mentalizing state of mind// is one of the main purposes of Thinking Together - in ways this is MORE important than having to "come up with an answer" - especially if the nature of the problems are that they are incredibly complex, and simple answers are likley to too simplistic. //A mentalizing worker is much more likely to be helpful to their client than a non-mentalizing one!//


!!4(e) Practitioner reflections on using Thinking Together in the field

Watch the video:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rrPNer2c5rs" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

!!Discussion Points:

* ''Thinking Together is not magic!''
** Climbers //still fall off mountains// even though they have developed and use very disciplined ways of communicating to each other about the rope that holds them together!
** Thinking Together is not a guarantee that help offered will always be helpful, but it is a serious attempt to reduce the likelihood of it being experienced as //unhelpful//.
* ''Feed back evidence that this is valued by teams''
** Many teams - across the UK, and internationally, describe significant benefits from adopting this approach:

>1. Shorter more focused meetings
>2. Adaptability of this approach - use it in one:one supervisions, "corridor chats", phone calls, and in front of clients so as to //model// what "help-seeking and help-receiving" looks like, and to allow us to work in more transparent ways (a version of [[Broadcasting Intentions]]).
>3. More of a culture of support for each other's thinking in teams
>4. More clarity in defining and very clearly marking "work conversations" leaves more room for intervals of "recreational chat"/humour, etc, which can help team morale.

* ''Further uses:'' Later in the training we will practice how to use Thinking Together in [[Team Meetings]], etc.

----

!BREAK - LUNCH
----

!5. Team around the Worker
!! Intro for trainers/facilitators

This topic is purposefully slotted in between thinking about [[Working with your TEAM]] and [[Working with your NETWORKS]], //because it applies to both//. 

'Team around the Worker' is easy to talk about, and much harder to do in practice.  It is an ideal, rather than a mechanical recipe:

* ''__How do we create systems of care that can:__''
** ''Look'' at the system //through the eyes of the client//
** ''Value the Key''- (//trusted//) -''workers'' that our client recognises at any point in time
** ''Demonstrate'' this value by //mentalizing// this KeyWorker and //creating supportive and helpful relationships// with them.

It may feel like an //extra investment//, but if we start to "get the same back" from a wider network, it will become obvious that it is also an //"invest-to-save" policy//...

!! Exercise
* Watch this video and then discuss in small groups:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xjYFu6VkiMs" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

* ''Discuss in small groups, then feedback'' into the large group:
** //How does our team already work as a "team around the worker"?//
*** //Within// the team?
*** //Beyond the team?// (i.e. with workers from the wider multiprofessional/multiagency network)
** //How might our team benefit// from a wider network that had a stronger "team around the Worker" culture?

!6. Working with our NETWORKS

!!6(a) Dis-integration: a painful truth in complex systems

Watch the video on Complexity and Dis-integration:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lRoOYlPwzWo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

!!6(b) Group discussion: Wearing Different hats

!!!''Wearing Different hats: Part 1''

''What do OTHERS say about US?''

[img[Wearing different hats.jpg]]

!!!''Wearing Different hats: Part 2''

''What do WE say about OTHERS?''

[img[Wearing different hats2.jpg]]

* Now facilitate brief Group Feedback

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BREAK - TEA

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!!6(c) Addressing Dis-integration

''Watch video:''  This is a very short introduction to three techniques (explained in later videos) that help workers in the task of ''Addressing Dis-integration''

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QxCNC08TJo8" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

!!6(c) Mapping a system of help: the AMBIT Pro-Gram

* Watch the Video: emphasise that the [[The AMBIT Pro-Gram]] is a "back of an envelope" tool -one that only really needs a piece of paper (although a big white board, or flipchart paper is better!)

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yU3jiKYUJEE" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

''Example of a Pro-gram:''

[img[Pro-gram picture]]

''NOW PRACTICE this technique based on a real client known to you:''

* In pairs. 
* Ideally work with a team-mate who also knows the same case
* One person plays the client, one plays the worker.
** As in all AMBIT role-plays, ''if you are playing the client, //be generous!//''
** This is NOT an exercise to test ability to manage confrontation/challenging behaviour, but to practice [[The AMBIT Pro-Gram]] technique
* Try to reach the point where you can discuss possible ways to enrich/improve relationships across the network:
**(a) //"Who would it be helpful to arrange a conversation between?"//
**(b) //"If we know who we would LIKE to get talking, then HOW might we go about helping that to happen?"// (''NOTE:'' very often in networks it is //not within our __ambit__// [ie not within our sphere of influence/direct authority] to order such conversations... so a degree of subtlety and "soft power"/influence might be required to encourage/facilitate this.

* Discuss feedback in large group
* Then watch Liz Cracknell and Laura Roberston discussing and reflecting on the use of [[The AMBIT Pro-Gram]] in face-to-face work with clients:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rAqx0uB82ns" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

!7 Concluding remarks and reflections

* We have now covered some ''theory'' (mainly Day 1)
* We have covered some ''practice'' (applying this theory) in:
** ''Working with your Team'' 
** and in ''Working with your Networks''
* ''On Day 3'' we will look at applying this with our ''Clients'' in face-to-face work, and at ways in which teams might work towards mentalizing (making sense of) their own shared practices ("our own local culture of working") and starting to make purposeful changes, so as to develop themselves as a ''Learning Organisation (see [[Developing learning organisations]] for more detail on this).


 

!1. Feedback
(a) ''Discuss in small groups'' (3-4 people): for 10 minutes

* What was of interest and made sense to you from Day 2?
* How could you see any of these ideas or practices influencing your own team's practice?

(b) ''Send an envoy'' (each small group sends an envoy to the neighbouring group): for 10 minutes

* ''Group'' describes to the envoy the key themes from their discussion
* ''Envoy'' reflects on what they have heard, and describes the key points of his/her group's discussion

!2. Plan for day:
!!Morning:

# [[Working with your CLIENT]] - epistemic trust, Mz stance, Egg and Triangle
# [[Working with your NETWORKS]] - sculpt and Dis-integration grids

!!Afternoon

# [[LEARNING at work]]:
## Teams, differences, and change.
## Manualizing areas of practice (Starting with Thinking Together in [[Team Meetings]])

!3. Why mentalizing matters in the work we do: Epistemic Trust

Watch the video:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZBeEOkwLToM" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

Discussion in small groups:

* What makes sense about this idea, and what doesn't?
* Think of some real world examples where you or a colleague were able to create epistemic trust in a client, by first creating conditions for them to say "you've really understood me!" - which then allowed them to "listen" to advice/understanding and then to follow this and try something different later on...

* Feedback

!4. Putting mentalizing to work with clients: the Mentalizing Stance

Watch the video:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QF93rO36NaQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

Brief group discussion

* Feedback.
* Ask the group to recall ''"What are the four legs of the Mentalizing Stance?"'' - in the stress of face to face work, it can be hard to keep more than four things in mind!

We will practice the mentalizing stance in a short while, but first, here is an example of how the mentalizing stance does not have to be limited to a formal 'therapy session' - it can be used in ordinary interactions with young people.  Here, a worker uses the mentalizing stance during a text-messaging conversation with a young person:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/eNgDb1L8JiQ" frameborder="0" gesture="media" allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>


!5. Active Planning: applying the mentalizing stance to Planning help for clients

Watch this video from 5:00 mins to hear about Active Planning, or from 20:20 mins just for a description of the Egg and Triangle

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GQZ6EIt_aP0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

!!!Practice (ROLE PLAY):
Use the Egg and Triangle to practice the Mentalizing stance:

* Divide into groups of three (or four)
* One worker presents a case (known to him/her) to the others
* The listeners then collaborate to fill in the Egg and Triangle, while the presenter just listens/observes
** Those recording their understandings try to use statements that the young person (if he or she were present) would experience as accurately "getting me".
** They consider their intentions and plans for this client, and record these in the triangle
* Then the original presenter ROLE PLAYS as the young person
** The writers take it in turns to role play a worker ''broadcasting their understanding and intentions'' to the young person - using the Mentalizing Stance:
** See advice on role-playing below

[img[Ment_Table_Stance_pic]]

[img[Egg and Triangle]]

[img[Egg and triangle (marked)]]

* ''Advice on ROLE PLAYING:''
** Note the word "Playing"!  Play is the primary way in which children learn
** If you are role-playing a client, BE KIND!  This is for practice, not for proving how impossible some clients can be!
** Use "Time Out" when the worker "runs out of mentalizing" - all role players can talk about what is happening, why the the worker "got lost", and how they might restart the role play
** THEN RESTART! It is important not to get lost (the [[Pretend mode]]) in talking //about// the role play, rather than practicing it!
** Notice how, once the role-play is paused, it is much easier for everyone (especially the worker) to mentalize again; because the anxiety for the worker has reduced!
** Try to bring the (mentalizing) conversation that happens in these //pauses// into the role play itself.
 
----

!COFFEE BREAK
''Advice for trainers/facilitators:'' during the break try to identify a trainee who can help to create a sculpt around a client.  Choose a client whose professional network is reasonably extensive (and ideally, one which is not seen as working as effectively as it might in an ideal situation!) 

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!6. Working with Networks: Sculpting

See [[Sculpting a network]]. 

* the point of this technique is to encourage workers to "take different perspectives" across a complex network
* especially, the exercise seeks create "thinking space" to help workers make sense of the different positions that other workers find themselves placed in (with their explanations, interventions and responsibilities all being defined by their training, organisational priorities, personality, etc)

{{Sculpting a network}}

!!7. The Dis-integration Grid

* It may be possible to complete the dis-integration grid simultaneously with the sculpting exercise
* Complete the grid for the same case example
* This makes it very clear the fact that //both exercises// are just "thinking tools" to help workers mentalize the different minds of the people who make the wider network
** ''LEARNING POINT 1: Systems, Organisations, and Networks are in themselves //mindless//'', but they are composed of many minds.
*** AMBIT upholds the value in enriching understanding (mentalizing) of the different minds that are at work in networks
** ''LEARNING POINT 2: Use the Dis-integration grid to help identify 1 or 2 "connecting conversations"'' that - if you could help facilitate them - would reduce the largest, most unhelpful 'holes' in the existing network.

[img[Dis-integrationGridPicture]]

* ''More practice:''
** Divide into twos or threes - ideally pair with a colleague who knows the same client
** Discuss the network
** Fill in the Dis-integration Grid
*** Keep asking yourselves //"what would this worker think if they saw the points we have recorded about their position?  Would they feel we have accurately 'got' their perspective?"//
*** Identify 1 - 2 ''Connecting Conversations'' that would make the most positive impact on the functioning of the network
*** Discuss how you would strategically go about setting up, and facilitating these conversations (//it may not be within your ambit to 'order' different people to talk to each other//... how might you extend your ambit, to influence things in a positive way?)

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LUNCH

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!8. Learning at work

Note that LEARNING is in the lowest quadrant of the wheel - //"where the rubber hits the road"//

* It is LEARNING by local teams that creates the traction to move things forwards (not the clever words of the trainers!)
* Having the right conversations between team members is at least as important as the "curriculum" that comes from the trainers/facilitators

[img[AMBIT Wheel_B+W_round.jpg]]

''(a) Line-up exercise''

* Make sure you have enough space for the team to do the line-up exercise
* Watch the film AT THE SAME TIME AS YOU CONDUCT EXERCISE - the video instructs to PAUSE it on occasions.

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/tTJ6E6F3H7c" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html> 

Allow some group discussion

Watch the reflections on the Line-up exercise video:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gsoWvi41a6E" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

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BREAK FOR TEA

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''(b) LEARNING at work conversation:''

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/DrNxEfCuM-4" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

Discuss briefly, then watch the next video which introduces a manualizing exercise:

''(c) Manualizing exercise, and the Wiki Manual''

This video requires PAUSING at points to allow teams to practice as directed in the video:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/J-dzA7n8ZTo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

We suggest that teams start by manualizing something that they are QUITE PLEASED ABOUT - //something that they would want to be able quickly to induct a new team member into 'following their lead'//

If teams wish to practice/manualize using [[Thinking Together]] in their [[Team Meetings]] then they could watch the two videos below to give context:

Team meeting: "Thinking //Apart//":

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CPuTn9ExNuw" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

Team Meeting using Thinking Together:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lKI3zeHrQX8" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

!Trainers/Facilitators notes
The final day has a slightly less packed curriculum, specifically in order to allow flexibility for catching up (if material was left un-covered, or under-covered from previous days) and to allow for local teams to spend time on locally-relevant conversations/planning, etc.  The aim for today is that the facilitators should say rather less, and the team members should say more to each other!

!Feedback and orientation
Where are we, now and where do we need to get to?

* Small groups - discuss and then feedback to the large group
* Are there any key areas that need to covered (missed from earlier days, or new material brought up by teams?)

!Plan for the day

We are [[Broadcasting Intentions]]!

!!''1. Generally: fostering important conversations''
** Conversations that need to take place between team members
** Today is not just about information flowing from facilitators/trainers to the trainees

!! ''2. Practice: Team Meetings'' 

Using [[Thinking Together]] //as a whole team//:

* Watch videos (or parts of videos):

(a) ''Thinking APART'' in team meeting (well-meaning but ultimately unhelpful practice):

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CPuTn9ExNuw" frameborder="0" gesture="media" allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

(b) ''[[Thinking Together]] in a team meeting'' (fictionalised case: Jamil):

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lKI3zeHrQX8" frameborder="0" gesture="media" allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

(c) ''Another example of Thinking Together'' in a team Meeting (fictionalised case: Paul):

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jyOQdu9QwAc" frameborder="0" gesture="media" allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

(d) ''When a team member is resistant'' to using Thinking Together:

* We suggest that the team (or Chair) responds by:
** //Mirroring his/her upset// (not by apologising and being embarrassed, or by trying to look sympathetic!)
** Reflecting //with our own sense of urgency// that "we __get__ that there is some urgency/frustration/etc here; and //we want to help// (rather than just nodding and look //as if// we are being thoughtful...)"
** In order to maximise the chance of us being genuinely helpful, however, we need a clearer understanding in our own minds of the task for us (the team) to "chew on".
** Note how this boundary-setting is intended to help to kick-start the help-seeker's own mentalizing - //"Why am I bringing this case to the team?"//:

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/G9myCdw6WrM" frameborder="0" gesture="media" allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

(d) ''Integrating a mentalizing focus (balance-holding)'' into whole team practice/culture, as well as between individuals:

* An example of a team meeting ''using AMBIT's Principled Stance cards'' to appoint members as "monitors" for the different elements of the AMBIT stance (as a whole, the team is purposefully trying to keep in mind all 8 elements of AMBIT 's principled stance):

See [[AMBIT stance cards]] 

[img[AMBIT stance cards]]

<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gFOlVBLCmwY" frameborder="0" gesture="media" allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

(e) ''ROLE PLAY A TEAM MEETING''

* One member of the team brings a real case with a concern attached to it to the team.  Allocate a Chair for the meeting, whose role is to:
** (i) Hold to the "4 steps" of [[Thinking Together]]:
*** Mark the Task
*** State the Case
*** Mentalize the Moment
*** Return to Purpose
** (ii) Ensure that all team members' thinking has the opportunity to be heard
** (iii) ''MOST CRUCIALLY:'' Ensure //the help-seeker's mind is kept in mind// by the team, rather than letting the discussion become a "battle of ideas"!

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!Coffee/Tea Break

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(e) ''TEAM DISCUSSION on TEAM MEETINGS:'' 

* What of this is (or might be) relevant in trying to make OUR FUTURE team meetings more helpful to individual team members?
** Try some [[Manualization]] - manualize the outcomes of this discussion.
*** Record points that receive general agreement
*** Record where there are two (or more) different ideas about what to do ("Path A" and "Path B", etc)
*** Teams are allowed to have a menu of options!
*** Manualizing is about keeping a scrapbook of our current thinking, not producing a perfect finished product.
** Use the online manual, or paper, to record these ideas (take photos of any written record)...

(f) ''ON TEAM LEARNING and REMEMBERING:''

* TEAM DISCUSSION: 

However you recorded the discussion above, have another team discussion now to try to reach agreement about ''what happens going forwards after this training?'':

*  ''(i) How could we make time for reflecting on elements of our team's practice?''
** Think of //existing meetings/training slots// that could be "tweaked"?
** Try to avoid creating new meetings if possible?
* ''(ii) If we did create this opportunity for the team, then what elements of our practice would we want to work on?''
** The task is to CREATE A TOPIC LIST
** You don't try to have all of these conversations now!
** If you make a good enough list full of stimulating topics that the team is KEEN to discuss, this will encourage the team to get into [[LEARNING at work]] after the training has finished.
** That is //real change//, not just doing things on a training course, and then going back to business as usual!
*** ''START'' by picking elements of practice that the team is generally PLEASED with (//what elements of our team practice would we want to introduce a NEW TEAM MEMBER to quickly?//)
*** ''THEN'' identify a few challenging elements of day-to-day working life for the team (//"Where are there areas in which we agree 'WE COULD DO BETTER'?"//)
* ''(iii) Discuss practical ways to store the team's collective thinking and agreements'' that might flow from these opportunities:
** A big book or file? (easily gets lost, only one copy, in one place, but simple!)
** Use the AMBIT wiki manual? (https://manuals.annafreud.org) - accessible anywhere, can't get lost, teams get their own local version that you can use to add new pages, or improve on existing pages, takes about 30 minutes to learn how to use it.)
** NOTE: there are instructions (and instructional videos) on [[Manualization]] in the AMBIT manual

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!LUNCH

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!! 3. Think about measures/outcomes in the team

How else can we do [[LEARNING at work]] if we don't actually have any real-life measures to see if what we do changes anything?

* ''DISCUSS "MEASURING":''
** (i) What measures do we already use?
** (ii) Measuring what matters: Do we? Could we? What would that be if we could measure it?
** (iii) What are we //interested// to measure, to see if we could change it?

* ''Other measures, that may be of interest'' (try these out in role plays if there is time):

** ''The AMBIT Practice Audit Tool'' [[APrAT]] – an occasional individual practice audit
** Try it out in pairs with a case that you know:

[img[AMBIT Practice Audit Tool_v.2.pdf]]

** ''The AMBIT Relationship to Help Questionnaire'' - [[ARHQ]] -  A reflective questionnaire that helps a client to describe their relationship to helping services, and to set goals on how (or what) to improve.

See [[ARHQ_20.06.17.pdf]]

[img[ARHQ.pdf]] 

A worked example of the ARHQ:

[img[ARHQ_workedEg.pdf]]

** [[AMBIT Service Evaluation Questionnaire (ASEQ)]] – an occasional whole team check in: what’s it like to work here? - we will look at this at the end of the afternoon

** [[AIM]] and [[AIM cards]] - a 40 item questionnaire which has a worker-rated version, and more recently a client's version usually presented as a set of playing cards

See [[AIMform.pdf]]

[img[AIMform.pdf]]

!! 4. Consider Implementing //what matters to the team//

''Changing behaviours in a team is very hard'': there is a whole science of "implementation" of evidence-based practices.  just because things "work" doesn't mean that teams immediately start doing them!

* ''(a) Without a PLAN...'' and people who can help encourage, support, prod, cajole (and who take responsibility for doing this) the best of intentions do not happen!  
* ''Team discussion:''
** Create an ''Implementation PLAN''
** Make it realistic, not idealistic
** Provide timetables and names
** Consider a Support/review team
*** Team members happy to be an "AMBIT nudger" who is invited to encourage team members to try things, and keep doing things
*** Invite colleagues from neighbouring teams (your [[Community of Practice]]) to VISIT or PHONE at an appointed date, and give them a copy of your Implementation Plan - do the same for them.


* ''(b) Implementation SUPPORT'' - creating and building up resources that could help to prompt/remind/support teams to make changes
* ''People as resources''
** AMBIT "nudgers" in the team
** swapping contacts with AMBIT nudgers in //another local team//
** The power of visitors to change behaviours
*** Think of having your in-laws round to tea!  Everyone behaves!
*** //Regularly having visitors to team meetings// encourages team members to //explain why we do things like this// and keeps them in a "showing off" frame of mind, which are both powerful ways of learning (//teaching//, and //role-playing//)

* (c) Potential material Resources:
** ''Posters in strategic places:''
*** The [[AMBIT Wheel]]
*** The  4 steps of [[Thinking Together]]
*** The four-legged table: [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]]
*** The [[Dis-integration grid]]
*** The [[Egg and Triangle]]
** ''Playing Cards:''
*** [[AMBIT stance playing cards]] (see video above) for use in Team meetings
*** The [[AMBIT usual suspects cards.pdf]] for sculpting a network on a table (in your [[Team Meetings]]):

[img[AMBIT usual suspects cards.pdf]]

* Final practice of [[Manualization]]:
**  The team's implementation plans and resources they will gather/use

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!TEA BREAK

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!! 5. Feedback on the experience of the training

Note: ''AMBIT is built on these feedback loops from every team that we train!''

* Two Groups A and B (mixed teams)
** Group A does focus group with evaluaters
** Group B does repeat [[AMBIT Service Evaluation Questionnaire (ASEQ)]] and [[GHQ-12]].  If you are able to get the Excel GRAPHS of the team's scores for the INITIAL ASEQ scores, then (AFTER they have done the post-training ASEQ, not before!) go through these question by question.   Are their answers intersting to them?  Do they see what these questions are probing (each of the four quadrants of the AMBIT wheel has its own set of questions) Is the ASEQ a measure that they could use as a 6-monthly "check in" on //"how AMBIT are we?"//
* ''Swap groups and repeat''

[img[ASEQ.jpg]]

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!ENDINGS

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AMBIT is as much about strengthening team practices as it is about anything.  See [[Working with your TEAM]] for a breakdown of the core content in this area.

!Video on AMBIT and Team Working
By [[Liz Cracknell]], one of the senior [[AMBIT Trainers]] - addressing a Training for [[AMBIT Local Trainers]]
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This page gathers all the material that relates to team working together, and you can access this via the [[Show references and info]] panel to the right of the page title, which reveals all the [[Sub-topic]]s offering guidance from an AMBIT perspective on team working.

!Work in Progress

This is not yet in action, but is in active development.  This is seen as a "next step" beyond the notion of an AMBIT-influenced team.

!What it is:
Teams become AMBIT-accredited via a voluntary assessment of a team's competence in AMBIT knowledge and skills, conducted at least a year after training.  If completed it leads to accreditation as an [[AMBIT-accredited]] team.  We see this as the equivalent as a "quality kitemark" for teams working under the influence of AMBIT, with the possibility of moving towards a "membership" model that would carry certain advantages in terms of access to new training opportunities for that team, the opportunity to become satellite AMBIT training centres, and to influence the development of new content in AMBIT.

Criteria for acceptance, etc are still being worked out (Dec 2015) - and we actively invite feedback from collaborators in the AMBIT [[Community of Practice]] about these ideas, and expressions of interest in becoming an AMBIT-accredited team.

!Accreditation Criteria
AMBIT Accreditation covers:
!!!1.	Moving from AMBIT-influenced practice to become an AMBIT-accredited Team
!!!2.	Moving from AMBIT-accredited Team status to become an AMBIT-accredited Training Centre
 
!!1.	AMBIT-accredited Team status:

* At least one year post an accredited AMBIT training
* Evidence of AMBIT-influenced practice:
** AMBIT Leads attendance at requisite number of phone/web/face to face supervisions.
** Documented changes in practice pre- and post-training
** Broad adherence to a pre-arranged Implementation Plan
** Evidence of use of practice audit (eg APrAT, or PREP questionnaires)
** Evidence of some form of local manualizing of learning (web based or other)
** Contributions to the wider AMBIT community of practice (eg attendance +/- presentation at AMBIT annual conference, sharing best practice via AMBIT manual, buddying training relationship with another AMBIT-influenced team, etc)
* Submit application to the AMBIT project, at the Anna Freud Centre.

!!2.	AMBIT-accredited Training Centre status

The accreditation programme for AMBIT Training exists to accredit organisations - and individuals within that organisation - to deliver training in AMBIT.
 
In order to become an Accredited AMBIT Training Centre, organisations must have previously:

* Received an accredited AMBIT training
* Have been implementing AMBIT principles in their work for at least 12 months. 
* Have achieved AMBIT-accredited Team status.

The organisation must:

* Identify two or more individuals to apply to become “Accredited AMBIT trainers”. 
* Agree to the following limitations:

** Accreditation enables those individuals to deliver AMBIT training whilst in the employment of their accredited organisation.
** Only individuals employed by an Accredited AMBIT Training Centre may apply for accreditation. 
** This accreditation does not cover any training that any individual may deliver outside of the Accredited AMBIT Training Centre. This is to ensure that all Accredited AMBIT Trainers are actively working in, and developing their training within, an AMBIT-influenced service.
 
Accreditation process
 
There are three stages to the accreditation process:
 
!!!Stage 1:
Applying organisations should meet these basic criteria:
* Have received an accredited AMBIT training
* Have been applying AMBIT principles and practices for at least 12 months
* Can identify at least two members of staff who have:
** Ongoing employment in the organisation
** Completed AMBIT training
** Stated a wish to become Accredited AMBIT Trainers
 
The organisation and prospective trainers submit an application form detailing evidence of prior AMBIT training and practice as well as a 10 minute video clip of the prospective trainers presenting or discussing an aspect of the AMBIT approach.
 
Successful applicants will be invited to progress to stage 2 of the accreditation process.
 
!!!Stage 2:
Applicants will be asked to identify a local organisation/ team who desire AMBIT training. This training will be co-delivered by the Anna Freud Centre and the prospective Accredited Trainers. In this way, prospective Accredited Trainers are simultaneously trained and assessed. The team/s being trained will reap the benefit of a training delivered both by fully trained AMBIT Trainers and the prospective Accredited Trainers, with their local knowledge and expertise.
 
Fees for this training will be paid to the Anna Freud Centre. Prospective Accredited Trainers effectively receive Train the Trainer training free of charge. Prospective Accredited Trainers’ expenses may be charged to the local organisation being trained.
 
Upon satisfactory completion of this training, trainers and their organisation will be accredited and are then welcome to offer and deliver their own trainings.
 
!!Re-accreditation
 
Accredited AMBIT Training Centres and Trainers must renew their accreditation bi-annually. Re-accreditation involves:

* Submission of a reflective account of any trainings offered by the centre over the past year.
* Standardised post-training feedback data from teams they have trained over the year.
* A 10 minute video clip of the Accredited Trainers discussing one aspect of the AMBIT approach
** note: we are looking for their reflections and understandings of the chosen material, not a simple re-presentation of it.  
** E.g. their experience of its application, usability and effectiveness in practice, and their experience of training workers on this aspect.  
** We are looking for reflections that include both positives and negatives.
 
!!Fees

Accredited Training Centres pay a yearly fee for accreditation of their trainers. This is to cover:

* Administration costs
* Quarterly telephone supervision sessions
* An annual webinar for trainers provided by the AMBIT Project

Accredited Training Sites pay a percentage of fees charged for all training events to the AMBIT project at the AFC. This money contributes to:

* On-going development of the AMBIT approach
* The AMBIT manual service costs
* Development of new Training materials

As part of the agreement; 

1.	Partners must notify the AFC Short Courses and Conference Co-ordinator of any AMBIT trainings that they plan to host for staff from other agencies. 
2.	All AMBIT trainings delivered by Partners will be administrated by the Partner.
3.	All course bookings will be processed by the Partner.   
4.	All trainings delivered by Partners will be advertised on the AMBIT Global Network section of the Anna Freud Centre training website and will be marketed as a separate training course to the AMBIT trainings held at the AFC. 
5.	It will be the responsibility of the Partner to identify a suitable training venue. 
6.	Should Partners wish to recruit AFC AMBIT staff to tutor one or more of the training days, this will be deemed as a course expense and will be charged at a rate of £800 per day. 
7.	Partners are authorised to set the training fee that participants pay, but are encouraged to be advised by existing fees advertised by AFC. 
8.	The Partner and AFC both have to agree the overall financial plan before going ahead with a training.  

!!!Outcomes measurement 

Accredited AMBIT Training Centres must collect training feedback from their trainees and submit this on the web-based POD outcomes system to enable evaluation of training by the AMBIT Project. Accredited AMBIT Training Centres will ask the teams they train to chose outcome measures for their training from a menu of measures provided on the POD (or other measures of their choosing) and collect pre- and post-training outcomes. 
 
!!!Benefits of Accreditation:
* Accredited Trainers will have access to quarterly supervision sessions and an annual webinar provided by the AMBIT Project to support them in their training efforts and keep them abreast of developments within the project and wider Community of Practice.      
* Developing and maintaining the expertise required within your organisation to deliver AMBIT training can support and sustain your own organisation’s on-going implementation of the model.        
* Your organisation will become a key influence within the growing AMBIT Community of Practice, supporting the wider dissemination of AMBIT ideas.
* Your organisation can publicise itself as an Accredited Training Centre, bearing the AMBIT Accreditation logo on your literature. You will be listed as an Accredited Training Centre on the AMBIT web pages.
* Accreditation gives you the right to benefit commercially from training you deliver.
 
Differentiating Accredited AMBIT Trainers from other AMBIT Trainers
 
* AMBIT Trainers – fully trained AMBIT Trainers employed by the AMBIT Project at the Anna Freud Centre
* Associate AMBIT Trainers – AMBIT Trainers employed by the AMBIT Project at the Anna Freud Centre and enrolled on a training programme to become a fully trained AMBIT Trainers.
* Accredited AMBIT Trainers – employed by an Accredited AMBIT Training site and licensed to offer (and charge for) their own AMBIT trainings to other organisations.
* Local AMBIT Trainers – Trainers who have attended an AMBIT Train the Trainer programme to enable them to train workers within their own organisation. Local AMBIT Trainers are not able to provide accredited training to other organisation.

!!Licensing arrangements:
Note that under the existing [[creative commons licence|Licensed]] under which all AMBIT materials are published on the web, anyone can offer training to others on AMBIT as long as they:

* Credit the Anna Freud Centre as the original authors
* Do not charge for that training or otherwise gain commercially from it.

On achieving AMBIT-accredited Training Centre Status, and in accordance with the conditions described above, a new and adapted license to use the AMBIT materials would be issued to allow the above.

Increasingly we prefer not to talk about "AMBIT teams" but rather refer to "AMBIT-influenced" teams, emphasising the fact that AMBIT is not a monolithic culture, or a "unimodal" intervention: an essential principle in AMBIT is the need to [[Respect local practice and expertise]], balancing this with [[Respect for Evidence]].  

The [[AMBIT programme]], based around the [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]] seeks to provide a platform upon which multiple adaptations and improvements can be built, and shared - creating a [[Community of Practice]] which blends evidence based techniques and components of practice with //practice-based evidence// from specific real-world  teams.  open access to the different manuals managed by Community members is via the signposting site: 
|bgcolor(pink): <br>''{{{https://manuals.annafreud.org}}}''<br> (link to it [[here|https://manuals.annafreud.org]])<br><br> |
Although ''anyone can access the core material, and can even freely create their own version of the AMBIT manual'' (see [[here|http://ambit-install.tiddlyspace.com]] only teams with a formal [[AMBIT training]] become members of the AMBIT [[Community of Practice]] by being included in the list here: [[AMBIT community of practice - members]].  Members of the Community of Practice are able to use the [[Comparing and Sharing]] functions in the manual to keep abreast of (and benefit from) the learning other teams are documenting in their work. 

----
!!''What is AMBIT? A video crash course...''
!!!!!//''PREFER READING TO VIDEOS? ...SCROLL DOWN BELOW THE VIDEOS PRESENTED HERE...'' and you will find ''more text and links'' that will explain what AMBIT is, as well as directing you to other useful pages//

[[AMBIT FAQs]] answer some of the most frequently asked questions arising at the [[AMBIT training]]s.  There is also a single page [[AMBIT in a nutshell]] that tries to describe AMBIT in the briefest and most general terms, but here is a bit more detail:

''AMBIT is, by design, changing and adapting'' in relation to learning, so it is not a "thing", though it is not nothing.  This is why it has been developed and described from its very beginnings in a flexible, adaptable online [[Wiki]] format, rather than in unchangeable printed text.  (That said, there are numerous peer reviewed publications, and in 2017, a 'book of the wiki' was published by Oxford University Press - find these at [[Academic references]]).

''AMBIT's name changed recently'': from Adolescent Mentalization Based Integrative Treatment to ''ADAPTIVE Mentalization Based Integrative Treatment'', because many of the clients that teams using this approach are working with now fall outside the category of adolescence.
!!!(<4 mins) Very brief intro
By [[Liz Cracknell]] and [[John Lincoln]], both [[AMBIT Trainers]]

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!!!(7 mins) What's the problem that calls for AMBIT?

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!!!(10 mins) The AMBIT model

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!!!(<10 minutes) Walking through the Wheel
See the [[AMBIT Wheel]] and [[Core Features of AMBIT]] for more

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!!!(10 mins) Complexity and Network Dis-integration
See [[Dis-integration]] and [[Complexity]] for more
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!!!(4 mins) Addressing Dis-integration
See [[Addressing Dis-integration]] for more.

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!!!(7 mins) The Well Connected Team
See [[Keyworker well-connected to wider team]] for more
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!!!(9 mins) The Team around the Worker
See [[Team around the Worker]] for more.
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!!!(4 mins) On the AMBIT wiki manuals
There is more information on these at [[Manualization]] and [[LEARNING at work]]
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!!''AMBIT is NOT:-'' 
*a "one-size-fits-all" rigidly-determined "tick-box" approach to therapy.
*a new form of individual therapy
*a template for team structure and organisational arrangements
*an approach for specific psychiatric disorders
*an approach that can only be delivered by statutory services 

!!''AMBIT is:-''
* A [[Mentalization]] based approach.
* An approach for [[young people|Developmental Considerations]] with severe and [[complex|Complexity]] problems including mental health problems (see [[Multi-Domain Assessment]]).
* An approach for young people who may have a very poor or negative [[Relationship to help]].
* An outreach approach, but one which can be adapted for other types of service delivery (see [[Working with your TEAM]]). 
* An intervention with a strong emphasis on initial engagement (see [[Phases of AMBIT work]])
* An approach that emphasises relationship building and uses ideas from attachment theory (see [[Attachment theory]]). 
* A [[team approach|Keyworker well-connected to wider team]] rather than an individual therapy.
* A manualized framework with a strong emphasis on supporting local adaptations and further development of the basic method (see [[Manualization]]).

!!''Is this new?''
Many of the ideas in this manual will already be familiar to experienced staff working with this client group.  In addition it provides manualized instructions on a wide range of [[Specific interventions]] that are drawn from evidence-based practice.

The intention is to help workers become more confident in managing complex behaviour by young people. It also aims to enable staff to be able effectively to help their colleagues when they become stressed by their work. it is designed to be highly practical, adaptable, and to build upon a set of //collaborative relationships//:

* Not only between worker, young person, and their existing network
* But also between the worker and team members
* And between the team and external sources of evidence and advice that the core of this manual represents.
* Finally, it promotes a [[Community of Practice]] between other teams developing their own practice and building upon AMBIT. Ideally teams practising AMBIT //co-construct// their own localised version of the AMBIT manual, building in their own local expertise alongside evidence-based or evidence-oriented practice.

!!''The Core Features of AMBIT''
For the practitioner the [[Core Features of AMBIT]] are the highly practical "grab-rails" - defining a STANCE - and core features of PRACTICE, that are designed to help a practitioner stay 'on track' - especially at those times of high stress or anxiety that are common in this work.  The [[AMBIT Wheel]] is an attempt to present them in a simple and memorable way.

!!''Other aspects of AMBIT:''

!!!''AMBIT emphasises the importance of local expertise''
AMBIT is designed to support the development of local expertise that provides care that is [[contingent|Contingencies]] to the needs of the local setting.  There are many different [[Specific interventions]] included within the core AMBIT manual and few teams would claim to use all of these, and many teams would include additional interventions that they have expertise in.  AMBIT interventions are predominantly delivered by a ''keyworker'' working together with the family, engaging with the local and community network, and utilising input from service users. Occasionally an AMBIT may wrap around an existing worker to scaffold that relationship, rather than trying to replace it.

!!!''AMBIT is a team intervention ''
In spite of the emphasis on interventions being delivered by a single keyworker, AMBIT is essentially ''a team based approach'', with a strong emphasis on ''mentalization'' as a core concept of team working.  In AMBIT, whilst there is emphasis on using different ways to help support and repair [[Mentalization]] in the young person and family, there is an equal emphasis on the //organisational// aspects of instilling within team members the day-to-day duty of //mentalizing each other// accurately and sensitively, and supporting //each others'// capacity to mentalize (in what are often hostile or invalidating environments.)   There is a focus on developing and sustaining a team culture (see [[Rituals and Disciplines]]) that maintains this, and one way to understand this is a deliberate shift from the "Team around a child" approach, towards the [[Team around the Worker]] - so that the wider team focuses on supporting a secure therapeutic [[Attachment]] relationship between the young person and worker:

[img[https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-Q--oDenShgU/UcD32HjdpVI/AAAAAAAAIlk/tGuG_Ps4QbE/w891-h668-no/AMBITSpokes_B%252BW.JPG]]

!!!''AMBIT has web based manual''
This manual provides information about AMBIT, and aims to be an aid to workers working with young people who manage (often with great ingenuity and fortitude) multiple problems. 
[[Who is this manual for?]] gives a more detailed discussion of who this manual is really "aimed at".  The manual includes all our [[AMBIT training]] materials, so it can act as an aid to teams trainings.
[[Who is AMBIT designed to help?]] gives a more detailed description of the kinds of young people that AMBIT is designed to help.
If this is your first time in a TiddlyManual, you may need a little help in navigating around, but it works (on the surface at least) much like an ordinary website. &nbsp;See [[Using the Manual]] (or [[Understanding TiddlyManual format]] if you want more technical details, but explained simply) for this.

!!!''Takes a holistic approach''
AMBIT is focused on working with clients where [[Complexity]] is a feature, and where there are [[Multiple interacting aetiologies]].  for this reason it places a high value on re-establishing the ordinary social/educational/vocational and recreational contacts that tend to shape and support clients (especially young people) and aims to try to address a wide range of aspects of the client's life rather than focusing entirely on a single target problem. In this way, AMBIT emphasises [[Working in multiple domains]] of the client's life. 

!!!''Puts theory into practice ''
Drawing on a range of different theoretical frameworks, AMBIT aims to use mental health theories and evidence for work with highly disadvantaged young people who do not make use of mainstream services.  In this sense - because the range of problems that AMBIT-influenced services address means that there may be many different [[treatment aims|Formulation and Treatment Aims]] - addressing the young person's fundamental [[Relationship to help]] may be one of the core treatment aims shared by the many services that use or adapt this approach.

!!!''Manages risk''
Considerable attention is given to ensure that community based practitioners maintain clear boundaries with clients and work safely in often somewhat chaotic, unpredictable and potentially isolated situations.  See [[Managing Risk]].

!!!''Not a static thing''
AMBIT is what has been called a "Deployment-focussed" model of new service design.  Its novel [[wiki-manual|Manualization]] defines this endless adaptation, while holding onto clear structure.

!!!''An "~OpenSource" approach to therapy''
AMBIT is strongly opposed to the notion that effective ways of working with youth can be turned into intellectual property or commodities.  Its manual is freely available, and is built on developments from a wide range of fields.  There are parallels between the OpenSource model of software development in computing and many of the ways that AMBIT is conceived of operating.  The radical and [[award winning|http://www.guardian.co.uk/innovation-nation-awards/innovation-nation-awards-winners]] approach to treatment manualization encourages the development of local expertise and a [[Community of Practice]] between the different teams using it, who can make use of [[Comparing and Sharing functions]] in their locally adapted versions of the core AMBIT content.

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!!A 30 minute overview of AMBIT & its Core Features
!!!Part 1
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!!!Part 2
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!!A 40 minute lecture covering mentalization and AMBIT
This was shot at the [[MAP conference|http://www.map.uk.net/pages/2013/01/04/map-conference-working-with-young-people-neglect-and-abuse-watch-the-film-of-the-speakers/]] in Norwich 30th Novemebr 2012.
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!!''Feedback from AMBIT-influenced teams''
Here are some comments received in a 2014 survey of teams who have undertaken AMBIT training.

"AMBIT has been helpful in bringing together a shared sense of purpose for a team while under  re-organisation"

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"Team was newly set up when AMBIT training was attended so it has been key to the team's development and ethos from the beginning."
@@

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"We continue to use AMBIT as a focus to ensure that we work in a different way. AMBIT is becoming the language by which we do this"
@@

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"Has offered a set of principles for working with complex systems organised around mentalizing which we can compare ourselves against and relate to as we develop how we work".
@@

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"We are growing a pilot multidisciplinary young person's service (including support for providers of youth services) ... and find that AMBIT helps us better support young people as well as build non-adversarial and positive working relationships with colleagues from other services"
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!!Relevant links
# [[Core Features of AMBIT]] - This should be your next step in understanding about AMBIT - it provides the main "grab rails" for a practitioner to remember that determine his or her STANCE in the work, and the key features of PRACTICE that flow from this. 
# [[Mentalization]] - This is the key supporting theory, that shapes specific work with the young person and family, and the work of the team.  
# [[AMBIT Stance Exercises]] offer a range of [[Training exercises]] to practice different elements of the stance.
# [[AMBIT FAQs]] answers some of the most frequently asked questions arising at the [[AMBIT training]]s.

Another acronym... for [[AMBIT Practice Audit Tool (APrAT)]]

!The aim of this exercise is:
** to work with practitioners, or teams who are training together 
** to reflect on the degree that each practitioner uses AMBIT methods already in their work
**to consider the use of other practitioners/teams/agencies in the helping process (the [[Community of Practice]]).
** to practice seeking advice from a colleague (even, or especially) from another team about a case/your practice. 

! Instructions for exercise
1.  ''In pairs with another person from your own team'', //select a case that you both know// which is proving hard.

2.  Using the [[AMBIT Practice Audit Tool (APrAT)]] form, complete this in your pairs. 

3.  Reflecting on your answers, try to make an intervention plan for next week.

4.  These pairs //separate now// - one will continue to work with this case (they become the ''consultee''), the other will become a temporary ''consulting colleague'' to someone from a DIFFERENT pair/team: //try to work with somebody that you do NOT know well, or don't work with regularly.//

5.  Consult with this new partner about the case, or offer consultation to them. 

6.  The Consultant may want to bear in mind ways of [[Thinking Together]], and may invite the Consultee to complete  [[The AMBIT Pro-Gram]] for the case and/or to discuss who //outside of the caseholding team// might help in any way with the planned intervention.  They may want to help the consultee fill in a [[Dis-integration grid]].

7. Reverse  the consultation process to give feedback on the process - so that Consultant briefly becomes the consultee - //"how did I do as a consultant to your team?"//

8. Feedback on exercise in the large group

9. Identify any LEARNING NEEDS that arise, and look for [[Training exercises]] that might support this.

!Time allocation
45 minutes

! The AMBIT Relationship to Help Questionnaire
This is a measure that is still under development.  Feedback from field applications is invited.

[img[ARHQ.jpg]]

This measure is designed less as a formal outcomes measure, and more as a //clinical aid// - to:

* help build alliance
* encourage collaborative care planning
* help "unstick" a therapeutic relationship when it has got stuck.

An overarching treatment goal for most AMBIT-influenced teams, however, is ''to improve the [[Relationship to help]]'' and some measure of whether there has been movement in this measure in keeping with the goals identified at its first use might contribute to the measurement of this complex change.

The Questionnaire builds on work to develop a "clients'-eye view" of the AMBIT Wheel (the [[Client's AMBIT Wheel]]). 

! The Questionnaire:

|||>|>|>|>| !HOW OFTEN IS THIS STATEMENT TRUE? |
|||!ALWAYS|!MOSTLY|!REGULARLY|!OCCASIONALLY|!NEVER|
| 1. |I’m making/rebuilding relationships that really matter to me ||||||
| 2. |I’m looking after my basic safety (avoiding trouble, illness, or danger) ||||||
| 3. |The people offering help seem to understand me, so I can trust them ||||||
| 4. |I can understand the people offering me help and how they try to do this ||||||
| 5. |All the things I want to improve in my life are covered in a plan ||||||
| 6. |All the different kinds of help I’m getting are working well together ||||||
| 7. |I’m learning from experiences in my own life, so that I can make changes ||||||
| 8. |I’m learning from other people, so that I can make changes ||||||

After completing the questionnaire the client AND worker should have a conversation:

* For things to start looking better, how would your existing scores need to change? (''Use arrows to show where the X should move'')
* What might you do help them change in the right direction? (''Make notes, or ask your worker to'')
* What might workers do? (''Make a plan together'')

!Discussion
There is a worked example at the bottom of this page.

There is no "right" or "wrong" answer for these questions, as different situations will call for different responses, but in general answers that are only "occasionally" or "never" should raise a question as to whether in an ideal world, that statement would be true somewhat more often than that.  Some questions are designed to be ambiguous - for instance Q's 1 and 2 - is it desirable to be //constantly// making and repairing relationships?... to be //constantly// looking after my basic safety?  If these are marked as "Always" does this suggest anxiety or distress that, in an improved situation, would allow these activities to take place, perhaps, "regularly" or just "occasionally"?

The key point of discussion is to open up thinking about these areas of the helping process (that AMBIT seeks to strengthen), identifying areas in whcih there is a clear interest in a direction of travel (//mark arrows from each X on the questionnaire to the position that would be more desirable// - an example of [[Goals-based outcome measures]]) , and collaboratively developing plans to make such changes.

A subsequent (post-treatment) ARHQ might then indicate if there has been movement towards such goals.

[img[ARHQ_workedEg.jpg]]

----
For more information about the AMBIT program, the AFNCCF and the manual itself, please see the following pages:

*[[AMBIT programme]]

*[[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]]

*[[Community of Practice]]
*[[This Manual|About this Manual]]

Additionally, you can see the details on how this material is [[Licensed]] for use.

----
The tag [[Who does what?]] gathers together material that relates to the wider context in which the young person and family are functioning.  

In particular it offers material relating to the attention that the KeyWorker will being paying to two of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]], namely the stance of trying to make sure that different methods of help by different agencies are explained and discussed with the young person [[Taking Responsibility for integration]] and the related task of working to ensure that agencies have a shared approach to the problem [[Addressing Dis-integration]].
*[[Boundaries]] define the tasks, roles and responsibilities of the KeyWorker in the midst of a complex set of relationships.
*[[Dis-integratedInterventions]] describes the ways in which the care network may unwittingly work against itself.
*[[KeepingYourBearings]] offers advice to the KeyWorker on managing oneself amidst complex, competing priorities.
*[[ProfessionalNetworkMembers]] provides information on the key parts of a young person's 'care ecology'.
*[[SupervisoryStructures]] are one of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]] and assist the KeyWorker in maintaining their own [[Mentalization]] and fidelity to the interventions.
*[[Working with other professionals]] offers information on how to reduce the effects of [[Dis-integratedInterventions]].

----
!!''This is a Team task''
The [[Our Resources]] [[tag|Tags]] is intended to be a working collection of documents that individual teams adapt, to build a 'library' of useful resources for the work they are doing.  These should be maintained as part of the TeamTemplate - part of the task of [[Manualization]], whcih is one of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]].

!!''To add new Resources:''

When you are logged in as a Team editor you can click on the tag @@<<tag [[Our Resources]]>>@@ and then from the bottom of the drop down menu select "Create new tiddler with the same tag as this", which will generate a new tiddler ready to edit, but already-tagged as {{{[[Our Resources]]}}}".  Alternatively, just place the word ''Resources'' in the [[Tags]] box in a new tiddler that you are editing.

!!''Existing Material:''

*[[AMBIT Forms]] - offers downloadable copies of slides/paperwork that may have been used in AMBIT trainings, and which can be used by local teams.
*CrisisServices - a place to detail Crisis services operating in the local area.  (You could create a range of separate tiddlers, each tagged with the phrase CrisisServices.)
*[[Local Protocols]] - where to record protocols that the local team has developed for specific tasks.  (You could create a range of separate tiddlers, each tagged with the phrase "{{{[[Local Protocols]]}}}".)
*[[Team members]] - Here you can record the names and brief biogs of team members, and if you wish photos, too (see [[Adding IMAGES, DOCUMENTS or VIDEO clips]]).
*TeamContacts - here you could place telephone/fax numbers of services/offices frequently used by team members (note the warnings about privacy below, though, and only display numbers that are already in the public domain.)

!!''Suggested Local resources to record:''

>e.g. Youth clubs
>e.g. Sports Centres
>e.g. Special offers available for young people
>etc

!!''Warnings''
!!!!Privacy

Be mindful of individuals' rights to privacy.  Do not add addresses or telephone numbers unless these are resources that are already available on the internet.  If in doubt, you can provide HyperLinks to existing web-based resources.

!!''"Resources" are not Strengths or Resiliencies''

We define StrengthsResiliencies in a young person/family as something different from the Resources that a KeyWorker may be able to draw on.  (If you are using the manual as an [[ICR]], StrengthsResiliencies for a client can be recorded under [[Make or View Client Notes]]).

----
* [[Licensed]] content
** Information about the way this manual is released under the Creative Commons to maximise sharing and wide dissemination.
* Information on [[Using the Manual]]
** How to navigate around it easily
** How find content you seek
** How to compare what is in this version, and those of other teams
* [[Authors]]
* [[Sponsors]]
* [[Feedback please!]]

See:
* [[When to suspect maltreatment - NICE guideline]] 
* The UK Government's advice page [[What to do if you're worried |https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/419604/What_to_do_if_you_re_worried_a_child_is_being_abused.pdf]] is a helpful starting point.
* See also:
** [[Child Protection]]
** [[Child Protection Referral]]

----
This is a necessarily abbreviated list of references and influences - mainly including systemic rather than cognitive behavioural or psychodynamic references, although these are certainly also highly influential on the model. 

The developers of Mentalization-based practices are at pains to repeat that in many important ways there is nothing //new// in theories of mentalizing, and its application in therapeutic work. Indeed, Prof Fonagy has written that 
>//"mentalization-based therapy is the least novel approach imaginable..."//
There is a reasonable argument to be made that //most// therapeutic approaches, insofar as they are successful, are probably acting by stimulating, or repairing mentalizing function.  The only difference in the MB approaches is the extent to which this function is explicitly focused on as the target for treatment, and to some extent the 'stance' and core features that support this.

!!''AMBIT - specific references''

<center>[img[AMBIT_BookCover.jpg]]</center>

*[[Bevington, Fuggle, Cracknell and Fonagy (2017) Adaptive Mentalization Based Integrative Treatment: a guide for teams to develop systems of care. (Book, pub. OUP)]] - as at 2017, and except for this online manual, this is the most complete description of AMBIT.  Note the name-change from "Adoelescent.." to "Adaptive..." - there are many teams working with other age groups using AMBIT nowadays.
*[[Bevington, Fuggle, Fonagy (2015) Applying attachment theory to effective practice with hard-to-reach youth: the AMBIT approach]]
*[[Bevington D, Fuggle P (2012) Supporting and enhancing mentalization in community outreach teams...]]
*[[Bevington et al (2012) Adolescent Mentalization-Based Integrative Therapy (AMBIT)]]
*[[Asen, Bevington (2007) Barefoot practitioners]]
*[[Fuggle et al (2014) The AMBIT approach to outcome evaluation and manualization: adopting a learning organization approach]]
*[[Griffiths et al (2016)]] Innovations in Practice: evaluating clinical outcome and service utilization in an AMBIT-trained Tier 4 CAMHS service.

!!''References to AMBIT in other (independent) reviews, etc''

* [[Account of AMBIT presentation - ACAMH magazine (Autumn 2013)]]
* [[Krueger and Glass (2013) Integrative Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents: A practice-oriented literature review]]
* [[Gilvarry et al (2012) Practice standards for young people with substance misuse problems]]
* [[CSJ (2012) Rules of Engagement: Changing the heart of youth justice]]
* [[Khan et al (2010) You just get on and do it: healthcare provision in Youth Offending Teams]]
* [[Siri (2012) Mentalization-based therapy for adolescents]]
* [[Straussner and Fewell (2011) Children of Substance-Abusing Parents: Dynamics and Treatment]]

!!''Selected other interventions with/studies on hard to reach/under-served families''
*[[Bachler (2014) Differential effects of the working alliance in family therapeutic home-based treatment of multi-problem families]]
*[[Ungar et al (2013) Service use, risk factors and resilience in adolescents using multiple services]]

!!''Deployment-Focused treatment development:''
*[[Bearman et al (2010) Adapting CBT to fit diverse youths and contexts: applying the deployment-focused model...]]
*[[Chorpita, Daleiden and Weisz (2005)]]
*[[Weisz, Simpson-Gray (2008) Evidence-Based Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents]]
*[[Weisz, Jensen-Doss, Hawley (2006) Evidence-based youth psychotherapies versus Usual Care]]

!!''MBT-Adolescents (~MBT-A) References''
See also MBT-A and MentalizationBasedWork

*[[Rossouw, Fonagy (2012) Mentalization-based treatment for self-harm in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial]]

!!''MBT-F Specific References''
See also MBT-F and FamilyWork

*Fearon, P., Target, M., Sargent, J., Williams, L. L., McGregor, J., Bleiberg, E., et al. (2006). Short-Term Mentalization and Relational Therapy (SMART): An Integrative Family Therapy for Children and Adolescents. In J. G. Allen & P. Fonagy (Eds.), Handbook of Mentalization Based Treatment. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
*Asen, E., & Fonagy, P. (In press) Mentalization-based Therapeutic Interventions for families. Journal of Family Therapy, x, 1-24.

*Keaveny, E., Midgley, N., Asen, E., Bevington, D., Fearon, P., Fonagy, P., Jennings-Hobbs, J. & Wood, S. (2012) Minding the Family Mind: The development and evaluation of Mentalization Based Treatment for Families at the Anna Freud Centre in London. In N. Midgley & I. Vrouva (Eds.), Minding the Child: Mentalization-based Interventions with Children, Young People and their Families. London: Routledge.

!!''Mentalization References''
*Allen, J.G., and Fonagy P., (Eds.) Handbook of ~Mentalization-Based Treatment, 2006, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons
*Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2004). Mentalization based treatment of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorder, 18, 36-51.
*[[Choi-Kain, Gunderson (2008) Mentalization: ontogeny, assessment, and application]] - good on the overlapping concepts of mindfulness, empathy, etc.
*Fonagy, P., Bateman, A., & Bateman, A. (2011) Commentary: The widening scope of mentalizing: A discussion. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84, 98-110.
*Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist,E., and Target, M. Affect Regulation, Mentalization, and the Development of the Self, pub. 2002 by Other Press
*Fonagy, P., Steele, H., Moran, G., Steele, M., & Higgitt, A. (1991). The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 13, 200-217.
*Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (1996). Playing with reality I: Theory of mind and the normal development of psychic reality. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 77, 217-233.
*[[Gergely, G (2004) The social construction of the subjective self]] 
*Luyten, P., Mayes, L., Fonagy, P., & Van Houdenhove, B. (2009) The interpersonal regulation of stress. Unpublished manuscript.

!!''Learning Organisations, Communities of Practice, Wikis as learning aids''
*[[Cole, M (2009) Using Wiki technology to support student engagement: Lessons from the trenches]]
*[[Lave and Wenger (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation]]
*[[Seddon, J. (2008) Systems Thinking in the Public Sector]]
*[[Senge (2006, 2nd edition) The Fifth Discipline: the Art and Practice of the Learning Organisation. Random House Business Books]]
*[[Kyratsis Y, Ahmad R, Holmes A (2012) Technology adoption and implementation in organisations - BMJ]]
*[[Jason Shaw (2013) Developing a Hypertext Educational Environment using TiddlySpace]]

!!''Systemic References''
*Byng-Hall, J. (1995). Rewriting Family Scripts. New York, London: Guilford Press. New York, London: Guilford Press.
*[[Cecchin, G. (1987). Hypothesising, circularity and neutrality revisited: an invitation to curiosity]]. Family Process, 26, 405-413.
*de Shazer, S. (1982). Patterns of Brief Therapy: An Ecosystemic Approach. New York: Guilford Press.
*Diamond, G. S., & Josephson, A. (2005). Family based treatment research: a 10 year update. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(9), 872-887.
*Donovan, M. (2009). Reflecting processes and reflective functioning: shared concerns and challenges in systemic and psychoanalytic therapeutic practice. In C. Flaskas & D. Pocock (Eds.), Systems and Psychoanalysis. Contemporary Integrations in Family Therapy. London: Karnac.
*Larner, G. (2000). Towards a common ground in psychoanalysis and family therapy: on knowing not to know. Journal of Family Therapy, 22, 61-82.
*[[Mason, B (1993) Towards positions of Safe Uncertainty]]
*Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and Family Therapy. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
*Pocock, D. (2009). Working with emotional systems: four new maps. In C. Flaskas & D. Pocock (Eds.), Systems and Psychoanalysis. Contemporary Integrations in Family Therapy. London: Karnac.
*Rober, P. (1999). The therapist's inner conversation in family therapy practice: some ideas about the self of the therapist, therapeutic impasse and the process of reflection. Family Process, 38, 209-228.
*Selvini Palazzoli, M., Boscolo, L., Cecchin, G., & Prata, G. (1980). Hypothesizing-circularity-neutrality; three guidelines for the conductor of the session. Family Process, 19, 3-12.

!!''General Evidence-based practice references''
There are too many to reference here, but we refer readers (with apologies for blatant partiality) to the forthcoming title:

*[[Fonagy, Cottrell, Phillips, Bevington, Glaser and Allison (2014) What Works for Whom]]

!!''Evaluation References''
*Attride-Stirling, J. (2002). Development of methods to capture users' views of child and adolescent mental health services in clinical governance reviews: Commission for Health Improvement.
*[[Goals-based outcome measures]] - Report, ed. Duncan Law, chair of the ~CO-OP group in Child IAPT (UK): A Practical Guide to Using Service User Feedback & Outcome Tools to Inform Clinical Practice in Child & Adolescent Mental Health (2012).
*Gowers, S. G., Harrington, R. C., Whitton, A., Lelliott, P., Beevor, A., Wing, J., et al. (1999). Brief Scale for measuring the outcomes of emotional and behavioural disorders in children: Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA). British Journal of Psychiatry, 174(5), 413-416.
*Shaffer, D., Gould, M. S., Brasic, J., Ambrosini, P., Fisher, P., Bird, H. R., et al. (1983). A Children’s Global Assessmemt Scale (CGAS). Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 1228-1231.
*Target M, Fonagy P. Raters’ Manual for the Hampstead Child Adaptation Measure (HCAM). 1992.
*Eilis Kennedy and Nick Midgley (Eds.) "Process and Outcome Research in Child, Adolescent and Parent-Infant Psychotherapy: A Thematic Review" Pub. North Central London Strategic Health Authority March 2007 - includes a review of HCAM (adapted into the AIM for AMBIT) - //"A comprehensive coding scheme, with a highly detailed rating manual, has been developed and preliminary investigations of the HCAM’s psychometric properties have been good. The HCAM rating scale was used as part of the Anna Freud Centre's Retrospective Study (Target and Fonagy, 1994; Fonagy and Target, 1994) and was shown to be a clinically-significant measure of overall functioning."//
*Schneider, T. (2000). Measuring adaptation in middle childhood: the development of the Hampstead Child Adaptation Measure. Unpublished PhD thesis, University College London

[[Link|https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B5h_CVBdhJPYbHR0aGR4b2FJM2M/edit?usp=sharing]]

<html><div align="center"><iframe src="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B5h_CVBdhJPYbHR0aGR4b2FJM2M/edit" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="600"></iframe></div></html>

The phrase Acting Out comes from [[Psychodynamic theory]], which states that unbearable feelings may be "enacted" rather than articulated in mind (being thought about).

It is an example of a [[Teleological thinking]] process - solving an unbearable state of mind by DOING - which is one of the [[Pre-mentalistic stances]], which are "primitive" forms of mental functioning that occur when [[Mentalization]] fails.

!What to do:
#Consider how you are [[Managing Risk]], as Acting Out can imply significant risks to self or others.
#What is the young person's understanding of the problem?  If this relates to their motivational state as regards thinking about //changing// this response to anxiety, then consider [[Motivational Work]].
#Apply [[Crisis Contingency Planning]] to generate alternative courses of action for the young person at times most likely to end in Acting Out, as well as planned responses from the Family/carers to maximise safety.
#[[Cognitive Behavioural]] approaches that develop Relaxation skills (see [[Progressive Muscle Relaxation]]) may offer a first line in.
#Deploy [[MentalizationBasedWork]], as acting out is a failure of this (a [[Teleological thinking]] response.)

!Other relevant areas:

There are particular NeuroDevelopmental vulnerabilities during adolescence that make this response more likely.

As the description suggests, this is the point at which the client is putting plans into action.  A good set of plans, including [[Crisis Contingency Planning]] will help to support the changes.

Consider the establishment of establishing some positive [[Reinforcement]] for the new behaviours, by altering [[Contingencies]] - sometimes in simple ways such as putting aside all the money that would have been spent of drugs, and spending this on something positive each week, etc...

----
!!''What is Active Planning?''
<center>[img[ActivePlanningTriad]]</center>

<<tag [[Active Planning]]>> captures the most important aspects of <<tag [[Working with your CLIENT]]>> which is one of the <<tag [[Core Features of AMBIT]]>>

* It is about the process of collaborating to create your [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]].  
* It is the application of [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]] to the broader field of the collaborative planning and management of 'therapeutic interventions'... which might just as well be called //"being practically, safely, and effectively __helpful__"//) over time.
** Another way of describing this is to say that [[AMBIT is a type of pre-therapy]] - creating the conditions most likely to allow therapeutic work to take root:
** //Active Planning is an attempt to create and hold the delicate balance between ''having a plan'' and ''implementing'' that plan, while also ''remaining responsive'' to rapidly changing circumstances and states of mind so as to maintain engagement.//
* Active Planning involves [[Holding the Balance]] between three elements:
*** [[Making plans for change]]
*** [[Broadcasting Intentions]]
*** [[Sensitive attunement]]
<<image [[ActivePlanningTriad]] width:560 height:480>>
!!''Who is it for?''
>//Among all the many aspects of working with troubled young people and their carers, why have we highlighted an idea about planning?//
The main reason for this is that ''AMBIT is designed for young people who have a very fragile'' [[Relationship to help]] (they are [[Hard to reach]]). 
In general the target client group for AMBIT-influenced work is characterised as being either hostile, distrustful, ambivalent or passive towards receiving help about some of their life problems. This presents particular challenges for outreach workers who may experience the young people as unpredictable, constantly changing their minds, altering the problem from day to day, etc. 

!!''Twin pillars of Active Planning:''
Much of the material about Active Planning is organised into two streams; the first explains and shows examples of what is meant by active planning as an interactive process with a young person and the second links it to care planning and the young person's journey towards help. 

*//Active Planning as a central part of direct working with young people//
**[[Active Planning: a core process with clients]]
*//Active Planning as it links to typical stages of work with a young person//
**[[Active Planning and the therapeutic journey]]

There are pages in the manual that gather material ([[Training exercises]], etc ) for [[Learning about Active Planning]]. 

This is a 10 minute teaching session on Active Planning by DickonBevington at a training for [[AMBIT Local Trainers]]:
<html><iframe width="640" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/v8BeQeABRvM" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

Just below is a basic 20 minute video introduction to the concept of Active Planning with supporting slides and how it connects to other parts of the AMBIT approach.  
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See [[Active Planning - Local]] for a place to make your own team's learning, observations, plans and implementation about this.  Click on <<tag [[Active Planning]]>> for subtopics of this area.

----

----
!!''Purpose''
This is to help clarify and practice the process of [[Active Planning]] and [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]], especially to consider how the worker manages the situation when there are significant differences between //their// intentions (goals) and those of the young person.  

We are focusing on [[Active Planning and the therapeutic journey]] and [[Active Planning: a core process with clients]].

!!''Exercise''
!!!Choose either (a)
Watch videos of young people discussing their aims/goals from the work - and pause these at the time-point indicated, to allow for team discussion

* //What is going on?//
* //What does the therapist need to do to improve things?// 

Then restart the video to finish it and discuss the BALANCING ACTS required:

* What worked?
* What didn't work?
* What might improve the outcome?

<html><object width="560" height="315"><param name="movie" value="//www.youtube.com/v/tdXhCvXHcY0?version=3&amp;hl=en_GB&amp;rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="//www.youtube.com/v/tdXhCvXHcY0?version=3&amp;hl=en_GB&amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="560" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></html>

PAUSE VIDEO FOR DISCUSSION AT: 1 minute 39 secs

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PAUSE VIDEO FOR DISCUSSION AT: 1 minute 33 secs

!!!Afterthoughts:
In these scenarios there are clear differences between the worker's stated goals and those of the young person.  The creation of a Care Plan is not convincingly collaborative, and it is unclear whether the intentions of the worker are understood by the young person... as new information is revealed, the worker begins to be able to re-fashion plans... could they have got there sooner?  Are they going too far off their own plans?

!!!or (b)
Role-play an early therapeutic encounter that involves the beginning of developing a care-plan.  Similar to the video clip - there is some (not //catastrophic!//) divergence between young person and worker's goals.

* This is //not the first meeting// so assume that you have gathered the basic history and you have a basic idea of what the problems are.
* Note the [[Advice about Role Playing]]
* Make use of what you have learned about:
** [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]]
** [[Broadcasting Intentions]]
** [[Comparing Destinations]]
** [[Agreeing Waymarks]]

---
See [[Active Planning]] for details.

---
!!What sense do these ideas make to you as a team?

Text here...

!!In what ways do you already use these ideas?

Text here....

!!Ideas about implementation...

Text here...

----
!!''What is this?''
This has been referred to as the '' "[[Egg and Triangle]]" ''. It is a simple "back-of-an-envelope tool" to support the stages of <<tag [[Active Planning: a core process with clients]]>> and to help a worker in [[Broadcasting Intentions]], [[Comparing Destinations]] and work towards [[Agreeing Waymarks]].

Important practice points in using this tool, which simplifies and adapts Maslow's [[HierarchyOfNeed]], are as follows:

* A worker may develop and present their "//first efforts//" either in real time, during a session or between sessions, but crucially the point is to present these to the client:
** //"what I have heard and understood from you, about what you need and want..."// but also 
** //"...what you should know about what the wider system expects of me."//
*** i.e. The system expects proper [[Governance]] and [[Managing Risk]] by all workers
*** Which is particularly focused on ensuring basic safety.
* For the worker to get quickly to the point where they are able to ''share this "first effort"'' with their client
** When sharing a first effort to articulate one's clients story and one's aims and goals, use 
*** ''Tentativeness''
*** ''Hesitancy''
*** ''Self-deprecating humour'' 
*** ''Invitations'' to "//Help me get this much more accurate than I can on my own, please!//"
* Understand that this exercise is all about [[Broadcasting Intentions]]!
** If these do not agree with those of your client, see below.
!!''The Active Planning Map''
Go to [[this link|https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B5h_CVBdhJPYNkJNamFPVXhsYXM/edit?usp=sharing]] to download this in PDF format, or just use the back of an envelope!
[img[Egg and Triangle]]

[img[Egg and triangle (marked)]]

!!''Video of introducing this to trainees''
<html><iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/z88UjW2iRpk" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

!!''Managing Differences of Opinion ''

[img[Managing Differences (Egg and Triangle)]]

There are frequently [[Individual Differences and Disagreements]] that separate the ''worker's'' intentions and plans and those of the ''client''.  Workers come with some pre-ordained priorities, and they are inevitably (and quite properly) part of a system that is larger than them, and to which they are answerable.  

!!''1. Foundations''
The ''foundation'' of any work from the professional's point of view is ''safety'' - without which any further, more elaborate building work would be liable to crumble.  In [[Broadcasting Intentions]] about our work and our ideas about [[Aims and Goals]] for the work ahead, it is helpful for our clients to hear this stated in simple terms:

>//"Above all, it's worth saying that everything I do is __first of all about helping things to be safer__... that is my job, and its worth understanding that this is absolutely at the centre of how I //must// work.  I guess the reason is that if we can get things safe enough then you and/or the people around you don't need to spend so much time worrying, and can start to spend more time being imaginative, and planning, and experimenting with new ways to work things out..."//

From the client's point of view Safety //may// be a shared foundation priority, but they may have //other// ''"Needs"'' aside from this that they would feel need to be the starting point (that if their worker did not show them they had //recognised// would leave them feeling misunderstood, or ignored.

>//"It's also important for you to know that I DON'T KNOW exactly what YOU see as the things that you really need right away - but I really want to get these things straight in my own head, as I am pretty sure that if you think I haven't got a clue about what YOU feel you really need right now, then I'm not going to seem very helpful to you!"//

!!''2. Directed activity''
Thereafter (once basic safety is assured with the implementation of a reasonable/defensible safety plan) the worker may be focused on developing shared ideas about what ''"Recovery"'' would look like for the client(s), and devising the means by which to get there.   Likewise, the client may have particular ''"Wants"'' that may or may not overlap with the intentions of the worker.

!!''3. Rationale''
Finally (at the top of the triangles in the "hierarchy") the''"Why?"'' marks //"the __point__ of all this effort"//.  Now, this kind of ''discovery-focused'' work (as opposed to ''recovery-focused'' work) may be seen as the "icing on the cake" for a worker, but in developing and working towards [[Agreeing Waymarks]] with a young person, it may be much easier to find common ground in the more distant ''wondering'' about longer term [[Aims|Aims and Goals]] than it is to agree on more specific Goals, or detailed plans.

----
There is a set of steps that collectively summarise [[Active Planning: a core process with clients]].

Drop down list: <<tag [[Active Planning Process - Steps]]>>

----
Written descriptions of care planning often suggest a rather linear, mechanistic and a somewhat bureaucratic way of developing help for a young person that may feel a bit remote from experience of this work. Our intention is to try to capture the more dynamic and changing aspects of this process without the text becoming too shapeless and vague. 

As ever in AMBIT, the task is to balance a number of linked aspects of practice: namely attending to the relationship with the young person, knowing where the work is on the therapeutic journey and then applying planning appropriate to that stage. 

!!! ''(a) Understanding how the young person stands in relation to me (and help) ''
 ''First'': Develop clarity about the client's [[Relationship to help]] (or to me, the worker) at //this// time. 

* This is the "Sustaining sensitive attunement" and this is fully covered in all the material linked to [[Active Planning: a core process with clients]]. 
* Understanding their perspective may help the worker to make specific adaptations to the way they //present// the help they are able to offer.

!!!'' (b) Understanding which phase of work we are in?''
''Second'': Develop clarity about [[Where are we in the therapeutic journey?]] 

* [[Mentalizing theory|Mentalization]] suggests that //knowing which of the [[Phases of AMBIT work]] my client and I are currently in is helpful for my state of mind, and clarity about my aims, goals and plans.//
* It is easy to imagine that the [[Phases of AMBIT work]] are dictated solely by a calendar (see the [[Intervention timeline]]), but in //reality// the nature of the therapeutic relationship may dictate rather differently from the "best laid plans"!  So [[Phases of AMBIT work]] are not necessarily //sequential//, and you may return to earlier phases at those points in time when you are introducing a new focus for the work.  This is not so distant from the concept that workers talking to young people using substances should [[Adapt your Discourse]] in recognition of different states of mind or motivation.

!!!''(c) Applying planning to whichever phase we are in''
''Third'': Apply these principles at every stage in [[Active Planning: a core process with clients]] 

* To some extent planning is "just planning", but we have tried to break this process down into stages to allow workers to think about this vital skill, and offer tools to support this.
* See [[Active Planning: a core process with clients]] for more detail on selecting [[What to do?]]. 
* See the [[Active Planning Map]] for a simple tool to help carry this out with your client
* See advice on [[How to draw up a Care Plan]] as a document
** [[Active Planning: a core process with clients]] underpins the production of the Care Plan
** But we emphasise that "Care Planning" is much more than just the production of a document!

There are a range of [[Timescales for Active Planning]] (immediate, short term, and longer term).

----
* Active Planning can be seen as a //practical application// of [[Holding the Balance]] from [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]]
* An important part of it is about a team adopting a ''"style-of-working"'' that attempts to BALANCE three elements of the work:
>1. Setting objectives and plans
>2. Sustaining sensitive attunement
>3. Broadcasting intentions
* Balancing is necessarily a //dynamic// state
* Sometimes one or other element will be more dominant, but over time there is a balance.
* What is important is that the team does not allow the relationship between these to become RIGID or FIXED.
!!''Holding Balance between three functions''
[img[https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-Yywe_vtxZAY/UO1pkjpdv0I/AAAAAAAAGgI/DjqJjMzj7Z8/s640/ActivePlanning_DynamicBalance.jpg]]

||__''ACTIVITY''__|__''PURPOSE''__|__''RISK IF UNBALANCED''__|
|1.|Set objectives/plans (or [[Aims and Goals]])|Support effective change ([[Governance]] and [[Managing Risk]])|[[Teleological thinking]]|
|2.|Sustain sensitive attunement ([[Mentalizing Stance|The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]])|To hold [[Engagement]] and improve [[Relationship to help]]|[[Pretend mode]]|
|3.| [[Broadcasting Intentions]]|To elicit support ([[Scaffolding existing relationships]])|[[Psychic equivalence]]|

This [[Holding the Balance]] between different functions is somewhat //analogous// to the interaction of the three main functional modules of mind-brain described in [[Johnson, Baron-Cohen et al (2005) emergence of the social brain network]].

!!''Video examples:''
Much of AMBIT working is with young people vulnerable to crises, and these may at times threaten to undermine the "best laid plans" of the therapist.  Balancing sensitive attunement with the need for work towards planned objectives is a constant dilemma for the worker, and one which may need help from SupervisoryStructures in the team.

Here, a worker's initial plan of work is clearly [[Non-contingent|Contingencies]] with the actual dilemma that the young person is wrestling with, and adjustment is required:

<html><object width="560" height="315"><param name="movie" value="//www.youtube.com/v/tdXhCvXHcY0?version=3&amp;hl=en_GB&amp;rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="//www.youtube.com/v/tdXhCvXHcY0?version=3&amp;hl=en_GB&amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="560" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></html>

Again, here, an initial plan needs to be adapted "on the fly" - the worker will need to hold onto the original planning, but to address that in this session would likely undermine the therapeutic relatio:ship.

<html><object width="560" height="315"><param name="movie" value="//www.youtube.com/v/fVIsbRDR0wM?version=3&amp;hl=en_GB&amp;rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="//www.youtube.com/v/fVIsbRDR0wM?version=3&amp;hl=en_GB&amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="560" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></html>
!!''Getting //into// Planning''
!!!!//"Having a plan is better than 'winging it'!"//
See the separate section on [[Developing a team culture of planning]].

[[Well-connected|Keyworker well-connected to wider team]] team members regularly uphold and support each other in:
* making
* broadcasting
* using
* and reviewing progress against 
...//explicit plans//.

These might be applied from the length of time it takes to conduct a phone-call, to the weeks or months of a whole therapeutic journey.

!!''NOT getting //out of// Responding!''
!!!!//"Sometimes mentalizing means DOING the right thing!"//
Given the risky nature of the environment and the predicaments that many young people in treatment with AMBIT-influenced teams are facing, Active Planning refers to the maintenance of a culture that, while sensitively attuned to the young person or family's needs, holds to proper [[Governance]] (doing things 'properly' - safely and effectively) //alongside// the need to engage with these imperfect realities (see [[Scaffolding existing relationships]]).

!!''PLANNING, not PLANS ''
!!!!(Map-reading, not Maps...)
Active Planning seeks to emphasise the //activity of planning//, rather than the holding of plans-as-things.  This is not to say that it isn't important to have the appropriate documentation, just that the documentation is only worth anything if it is a record of the //work of thinking//...

''__An analogy:__''  In the days before Satellite Navigation, the map itself was important, but not as important as the skill of map-reading: the constant taking of bearings from the landscape, and triangulating these to check the true position on the map... allowing the adjustment of one's course; in wild country it is rare to travel from point A to point B "as the crow flies".  Likewise, Active Planning facilitates the kind of strategic route-planning (taking the longer route, that avoids the swamp) that makes safe arrival at treatment goals more likely.

-----
!!!''CONTENTS of this page:''
# Principles
# Practice
# Tools
-----

!!''1. PRINCIPLES''
(a) Balancing

* Critically Active Planning can be seen as a //practical application// of [[Holding the Balance]] from [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]], and to the wider notion of balancing between the [[Core Features of AMBIT]]
* An important part of it is about a team adopting a ''"style-of-working"'' that attempts to BALANCE three elements of the work:

#[[Making plans for change]] and acting on them
#Sustaining [[Sensitive attunement]]
# Worker [[Broadcasting Intentions]]

Balancing is necessarily a //dynamic// state Sometimes one or other element will be more dominant, but //over time there is a balance.//  What is important is that the team does not allow the relationship between these to become RIGID or FIXED.
<center>[img[https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-Yywe_vtxZAY/UO1pkjpdv0I/AAAAAAAAGgI/DjqJjMzj7Z8/s640/ActivePlanning_DynamicBalance.jpg]]</center>

||!__''ACTIVITY''__ |!__''PURPOSE''__ |!__''RISK IF UNBALANCED''__ |
|1|[[Making plans for change]] (with [[Aims and Goals]]) |To support effective change ([[Governance]]) |[[Teleological thinking]] |
|2|Sustain [[Sensitive attunement]] (a.k.a. [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]]) |To hold [[Engagement]] and improve [[Relationship to help]] |[[Pretend mode]] |
|3|[[Broadcasting Intentions]] |To elicit support ([[Scaffolding existing relationships]]) |[[Psychic equivalence]] |

>Coda for the curious: //This [[Holding the Balance]] between different functions is //analogous// to the interaction of the three main functional modules of mind-brain described in [[Johnson, Baron-Cohen et al (2005) emergence of the social brain network]].//

(b) A Team //Culture// of Planning

 //"Having a plan is better than 'winging it!"//

See the separate section on [[Developing a team culture of planning]] 

(c) Planning is NOT getting //out of// Responding!

// "Sometimes mentalizing means DOING the right thing!"//

Given the risky nature of the environment and the predicaments that many young people in treatment with AMBIT-influenced teams are facing, [[Active Planning]] refers to the maintenance of a culture that, while sensitively attuned to the young person or family's needs, holds to good [[Governance]] (doing things 'properly' - safely, in a timely way, and using the most effective methods) //alongside// the need to engage with these imperfect realities (see [[Scaffolding existing relationships]]).

(d) It's about Planning (a verb), not PLANS 

// ''Map-reading, not Maps...''//
 
Active Planning seeks to emphasise the //activity of planning//, rather than the holding of plans-as-things.  This is not to say that it isn't important to have the appropriate documentation, just that the documentation is only worth anything if it is a record of the //work of thinking//... There are a range of [[Timescales for Active Planning]](immediate, short term, and longer term).

>''An analogy:''
>//In the days before Satellite Navigation, the map itself was important, but not as important as the skill of map-reading: the constant taking of bearings from the landscape, and triangulating these to check the true position on the map... allowing the adjustment of one's course; in wild country it is rare to travel from point A to point B "as the crow flies".  Likewise, Active Planning facilitates the kind of strategic route-planning (taking the longer route, that avoids the swamp) that makes safe arrival at treatment goals more likely.//

!!''2. PRACTICE - the Active Planning Process''

What follows are some simple steps that can help shape the actual process of coming to a [[Care Plan]] (see [[How to draw up a Care Plan]] for a stepwise guide to that specific task - this is the process that underlies it) in a way that holds to the principles of //balance// described in [[Active Planning in the team culture]].

We do not presume that the actual steps in the process are very much different in practice from what goes on in effective Care Planning in many teams and treatment models.  What we intend is that these steps are coherent with the rest of the AMBIT model, and are //explicit// rather than being carried out //implicitly//.

[img[https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-D9UT2mFATUk/UOh2qxjA2AI/AAAAAAAAGdY/ZFTT1FmanwQ/s720/ActivePlanning.jpg]]

The steps in this process are explained below, but it is important to emphasise that:

*1.The journey is not necessarily a sequential one
*2. The details will differ according to which of the [[Phases of AMBIT work]] you are currently in

[img[https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-RMPKuN9Ce3U/URIYD_fGNJI/AAAAAAAAGqw/AmxUhoGys7s/s912/ActivePlanning-CoProduction.jpg]]

!!!Steps in the Core process of Active Planning

Clicking this button will give you a drop-down list of the steps in <<tag [[Active Planning Process - Steps]]>>

The steps in this Planning Process are unlikely to contradict existing best practice, and are as follows:

|OUR NAMES||CONVENTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS|
|[[Taking Aim]] | = |Collaboratively //noting// the way things are (Assessment) and learning [[What's the problem?]]|
|[[Broadcasting Intentions]] | = |Using [[Mentalizing]] skills to build engagement and collaboration |
|[[Comparing Destinations]] | = |Collaboratively defining therapeutic direction ([[Aims and Goals]]); developing a [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]]|
|[[Agreeing Waymarks]] | = |Collaboratively developing a [[Care Plan]] that sets out the route ahead|
|Setting out together | = |Getting started on this specific planned work is part of the KeyWorker relationship|
|[[Taking Aim]] again| = |Reviewing, and sensitively/strategically //adapting// these plans|

Finally, see also [[In my beginning is my end]] as one of the [[Engagement techniques]] that begins this process.

!!''3. Tools to help'' 
* Teams may use tools as a part of regular practice to create structure for this process in face to face working.  

*''1. Active Planning Map''

** The [[Active Planning Map]] is a simple back-of-the-envelope tool (a simple adaptation of Maslow's [[HierarchyOfNeed]]) to help structure the interactions between worker and client.
** Some teams may primarily use this tool just as a training exercise to emphasise the principle of //collaborative care planning//, //attunement//, and //adjustments// to create [[Contingencies]] in what is offered. 

*''2. Formulations and Communications''

** Creating and communicating a clear ([[mentalized|Mentalization]]) narrative for how the difficulties arose, what maintains them, and what the aims in our work might be is critical
** See [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]] for advice on how to present and communicate this (an example of [[Broadcasting Intentions]]).

----

!!''Video''
Below is a 25min video on Active Planning in AMBIT
<center><html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GQZ6EIt_aP0?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html></center>

Much of AMBIT is concerned with the way we try to present our offer of help in ways that "speak to the condition" that the person we are trying to help finds themselves in.

!In relation to Motivational Stage of Change:
A key part of the [[Motivational Work]], including the [[assessment for substance use disorder treatment|Assessment for SUD-Rx]] consists of identifying which of the [[Stages of Change]] best describes your client's state of mind or motivation.

A young person in [[Pre-contemplation]] will not be interested in [[Making plans for change]], or developing [[Relapse prevention]] strategies.  There is a high risk of a loss of [[Engagement]] in such circumstances.

!In relation to the here-and-now Mentalizing state:
If a client is mentalizing well (able to reflect on their own and other people's behaviours in terms of wishes, fears, feelings and the context that has influenced these) then conversation can be more challenging than if there is evidence of [[Pre-mentalistic stances]] (failed mentalizing).

!In relation to Help and attaining outcomes:
See the [[Relationship to help]] for more on this, and [[Active Planning]] for the subtle balancing required between holding to  ''Plans'' and ''sensitive responsivity'' that keeps [[Engagement]].

''@@color(blue):Please note that the editing function is undergoing some development work so some parts of these instructions may no longer be correct. Apologies for the inconvenience and we hope to have these updated soon. @@''

!What's here?
# The purpose of the page explained
# Groundrules for embedding material
# Link to material on embedding IMAGES
# A video introduction to embedding VIDEO
#Where to store (or "host") material for embedding
!1. Purpose of this page?
Your TiddlyManual is a "multimedia" site - that means there are [[Videos]] and [[Slides]] and [[Audio clips]] embedded in the pages.  We assume this material enriches the content and improves the likelihood that it will influence practice in positive ways.

We want local teams to [[Manualize|Manualization]] their own work - adding documentation of local adaptations, improvements and attunements that will better support their local team to do the work it does.  There is more basic information on how to [[Edit]] these [[Wiki]]s.  The point of //this// page is to show you how to add "the fancy stuff" like video clips, audio clips, pictures, or downloadable documents.  

This is very easy... honest... try it!  

!2. Groundrules:
|bgcolor(red): ''N.B. - NO CONFIDENTIAL CLIENT VIDEO MATERIAL SHOULD EVER BE UPLOADED TO AN ONLINE SOURCE, AND THE STREAMING VIDEO USED IN THE AMBIT MANUAL INVOLVING ~ROLE-PLAYS SHOULD ONLY BE DISPLAYED WITH APROPRIATE CONSENT.  TEAMS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MATERIAL THAT THEY UPLOAD THEMSELVES, NOT THE AMBIT PROJECT!'' |


!3. EMBEDDING IMAGES
See [[Embedding Images in your TiddlyManual]]

<<image [[New AMBIT WHEEL]] width:100 height:100>> 

!4.Video introducing "how to embed VIDEO":
<html><iframe width="480" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/I_5Cqd3gvkA?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

!5. Understanding how it works
First, this is called a //~Mash-Up// - what is that?!

This is what --geeks-- programmers refer to when a single website actually uses functions and pieces of information that are drawn from different places across the internet - the //mash-up// brings these disparate elements together to produce something quite specific and 'fit-for-purpose'.  [[TiddlyManual]]s work like this.  Video, audio, pictures and documents can all be stored in different online places, but can be accessed through (or "embedded within") the one tiddlymanual.

!6.Where/how to store (or "host") material for embedding?
Where can you upload material online, so that you can embed it and display it in your manual?

Here are a few examples of ''"hosting resources"'' that are in use in the manual - all of them are FREE - you just have to register to set up an account:

!!!(a) Video
We mainly use [[YouTube|https://youtube.com/]] but another good hosting site is [[Vimeo|http://vimeo.com/]].   You will need to find the "EMBED" code from the website, and use that pasted into place within this extra bit of code:

|bgcolor(beige): {{{<html>}}}~ADD_YOUR_EMBED_CODE_HERE{{{</html>}}} |

!!!(b) Audio
A good site is [[Soundcloud|http://soundcloud.com]] - you can upload Mp3 tracks (lots of musicians use this site, but it works equally well for the spoken voice) and then "embed" the player for that track in your page (as above).
!!!(c) Pictures
See [[Embedding Images in your TiddlyManual]].  The easiest place to upload to is to TiddlySpace itself.  We also use [[Google Picasa|http://picasaweb.google.com/]]  or [[Flickr|http://www.flickr.com/]] to host pictures (but increasingly the IT red tape in NHS or Social care settings blocks these).
!!!(d) Documents
We use [[Google Docs|http://www.google.com/google-d-s/b1.html]] or the more recent [[Google Drive|https://drive.google.com]].  Annoyingly, some dinosaur organisations (mentioning no names) still block Google Documents via their IT departments - this kind of problem will surely die off eventually... See [[Organisational support for the technology to run TiddlyManuals]] for advice on how to tackle this nuisance.

In Google docs you open the document, look for the "Share" button (top right of the screen) and then select Publish/Embed, and that will offer you a range of options so for slides you can choose to automatically start a slide show running and looping every time the site is accessed, etc (see [[Thinking Together]] for an example of this).  Google docs offers a bit of code, which you copy.
!!!(e) For PowerPoint slides
You can display slides so that others can see them as a slideshow, or can DOWNLOAD them from your page in your manual

* You can do this via Google Docs, Google Drive, or one of many other "web-hosting" services for PowerPoint slides
* Alternatively, you can actually save individual PowerPoint slides as JPEG files (essentially these are just digital photos) and then upload these to a photo hosting site (see just above for examples) and mount them in your page as a straightforwards picture (simpler, nicer "feel", but a bit fiddlier if you have loads of pictures! - the photo above is actually taken from a PowerPoint slide that was saved as a JPEG.)  
** By the way, ancient versions of PowerPoint make it a bit more complicated to save slides as JPEGs, but modern versions make it easy... (open the slide, click "Save as", then select what kind of file (JPEG) you want to save it as from the drop-down list that appears beneath all the file locations you could save it into...

!!!EMBEDDING CODE
* Find the "Embed code" from the site where you are hosting the image/document/etc
* Slap this embed code INSIDE the code given below (cut and paste it from here):

|bgcolor(beige): {{{<html>}}}~ADD_YOUR_EMBED_CODE_HERE{{{</html>}}} |

|bgcolor(red): ''Do note'' the little //forwards slash// that must sit before the second "html"... it is fiddly, but once you know it, simple! |

!! iFRAMES - a whole "web-page-within-a-page"!

An iFrame simply opens a "port-hole" onto another part of the web from within a [[Tiddler]].  If you want to 'embed' a ''whole web-page'' inside a page of your manual, you can easily make one of these 'windows', using a similar little bit of code (called an "iFrame").  Here is the code that you need to this... you can __cut and paste the code for this from here__:

|bgcolor(beige): {{{<html><div align="center"><iframe src="PASTE_YOUR_WEBPAGE_URL_HERE" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="600"></iframe></div></html>}}} |

## Now go to the web-page you want to embed in your manual page
## Copy the web address ("URL") for that web-page
## Go back to the [[Tiddler]] you are editing, and paste the web-page URL just where the code says "~PASTE_YOUR_WEBPAGE_URL_HERE" (''//be sure to leave the speech marks in place so that they bracket your URL//'')
## Done!  Click "Done" (or the tick) on your [[Tiddler]] page - top right, and the page will switch back to ordinary viewing mode... if you got it right, you'll see your other web-page within that one.  Here is an example (probably the most boring blog in the blogosphere):

<html><div align="center"><iframe src="http://dickonb.blogspot.co.uk/" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="600"></iframe></div></html>
 
!!Notes:

#If you are viewing a downloaded //copy// of the manual then it will still fish out the web-based content //so long as your computer is hooked up to the internet//, but if you are not online, obviously no image will show. 
#If you are wanting to put a bit of YouTube video up, you will see on the You Tube page that there are actually two bits of code displayed that can be cut and pasted - one is titled "URL" - this is what you would use for the iFrame technique, the other is titled "Embed" and is a neater way of doing things (see "embedding code" above - but essentially, just sandwich the Youtube embed code in between these two extra bits of code: {{{<html>}}} and {{{</html>}}} (again, do note that there is an extra "forward slash" in the second of these.)  If you use an "Embed" code then you will ONLY get the video image in its own little "player", rather than the whole You Tube page - much neater.

----
See [[Addressing Dis-integration - Local]] for a place to make local notes about his material
----

One of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]] is [[Working with your NETWORKS]], and the practitioner's AMBIT stance element of [[Taking Responsibility for integration]] makes clear that //seeing it as my business to do something helpful about// [[Dis-integration]] in my professional networks is very central to what it means to work in an an AMBIT-influenced team.  

Flowing from this //principle// is the specific //application// of this towards the wider the network that surrounds the young person and their family. ''Addressing Dis-integration'' is thus the application of this stance in day-to-day practice.

>"We are an outreach team working closely with other organisations (Social Services, Schools, Police etc) with high potential for dis-integration. Current cuts to services make maintaining a mentalizing stance all the more important - yet simultaneously harder to do"
>>AMBIT-influenced team, 2014

!Addressing Disintegration Videos
This is a video taken from a training for [[AMBIT Local Trainers]] in 2014 (DickonBevington):
<html><iframe width="640" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/6irw_BZG3Gk" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>
!!!In 40 mins by [[Peter Fuggle]]: Part 1
<html><object width="640" height="480"><param name="movie" value="https://youtube.com/v/tOPf5IaNlvc?version=3&amp;hl=en_US&amp;rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="https://youtube.com/v/tOPf5IaNlvc?version=3&amp;hl=en_US&amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="640" height="480" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></html>
!!!Part 2
<html><object width="640" height="480"><param name="movie" value="https://youtube.com/v/sS11nRVtf8Y?version=3&amp;hl=en_US&amp;rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="https://youtube.com/v/sS11nRVtf8Y?version=3&amp;hl=en_US&amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="640" height="480" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></html>

!Large networks

Because of the pervasiveness of the problems of this group (and, frequently, associated risks) the ‘nominal’ number of different professionals involved in these cases tends to multiply. However, clinical experience suggests that this ‘team around the child’ may experience difficulties in working together with this hard-to-reach group. Why?

!Different explanatory models

There is the potential that, implicitly or explicitly, each different worker addresses the young person’s problem set through the ‘lens’ of a specific professional training.  Each worker references different explanatory models that have largely grown up within, and may be seen as being “owned by”, specific professional groups (social-ecological, legal-criminological, biological-genetic, psychodynamic, systemic, educational, etc).  From each of these explanatory frameworks is derived one or more of the different modalities of intervention accepted as being more or less evidence-based.  The dilemma for the young person and their family is that, at a time of great fragmentation (‘dis-integration’), they may be expected to integrate what can appear to be both disconnected, and even contradictory interventions from different agencies - this is referred to as the [[Tower of Babel]] effect. 

!Different explicit priorities

Workers from different agencies will have explicit responsibilities for different aspects of the young person's difficulties. For example, the Youth Offending service worker will focus on the young person compliance with the Court Order and avoidance of further offending. The Educational Welfare Officer will prioritise school attendance, while the drugs worker will prioritise reduced substance misuse. 

These priorities (that are inevitably required by organisations set up and funded with specific remits) may have different impacts upon the young person's psychological well-being, but if the person gains the sense that they are //in opposition// to each other this can be damaging.

!//Anticipating// misunderstanding and conflict

 ''A fundamental assumption is that network differences and conflicts should be //anticipated as inevitable// and not be seen as an indication that people in the network around the young person are somehow "getting it wrong".''  This is crucial as it moves towards a more mentalized understanding of the complexities of multi-professional and multi-agency working, and away from the attribution of blame and shame (demonstrating, if you like, forgiveness - one of the [[Strengths in RELATIONSHIPS]] that are [[Features of Successful Mentalizing]].) 

Because of this, the AMBIT practitioner is expected to pay close attention to (and proactively to [[Mentalize|Mentalization]]) the wider network around the young person and the family.  For this population of young people, the network around the young person may consist of agencies who (even more than in other areas of CAMHS) all see themselves as primary in relation to the young person.  

This may include the police, the local Youth Offending Service, the young person’s school or college, the Local Authority, and the local CAMHS (Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service.) 

With this typical array of agencies, [[AMBIT]] adopts a position that ''actively anticipates the likelihood of conflict and contradiction between agencies or professionals'', and promotes the explicit view that this is //understandable//, as an inevitable aspect of our best efforts to provide services for the young person. In contrast to much of the literature on integrated practice (which tends to assume a commonality of purpose between different agencies), AMBIT proposes that a context of ‘dis-integration’ is extremely likely with this population of young people.

!What to do?  The Dis-integration grid

This position may appear to suggest a general negativity about the capacity of other public services to deliver what they promise. This would be entirely incorrect; the nature of such negativity is that it tends to be supported by negative attributions about the competencies of individual workers in other agencies. In contrast AMBIT adopts an entirely different position.  The point is to move away from blame and shame and towards practical measures to address and minimise the impact of this state of affairs.  AMBIT proposes a series of simple practices drawn from SystemsTheory and [[Cognitive Behavioural]] theory, and theories of [[Mentalization]] which:

#Actively address the likelihood of inter-agency and inter-professional differences (see the [[Dis-integration grid]], which is part of the basic [[Multi-Domain Assessment]] that every new client receives)
#Works to reduce the negative impact of this on desired outcomes. 

Using notions underpinning the [[Dis-integration grid]], or that exercise itself, is a core part of the AMBIT intervention with the family and wider care network.

!Learning, Training and Practising this

There is a page on [[Learning about Addressing Dis-integration]] that describes the core didactic teaching from the [[AMBIT training]].  There are [[Training exercises]] that we include here that explicitly encourage workers to try to practice mentalizing the network (for instance the [[Dis-integration Grid EXERCISE]]) or to practice mentalizing each other, and to consider the sensitivities required in this (for instance [[The 'What's it like to be...' exercise]].)
 
!Why? 

The purpose of paying close attention to the wider network is partly to improve the effectiveness of interventions, but also is consistent with the overall mentalizing stance of AMBIT.  One of the core aims of the keyworker is to help the family //make sense of the various professionals' behaviours// - by encouraging the family to adopt a mentalizing stance to their work.  In our view, [[Mentalization]] provides a crucial technique in trying to facilitate an authentic integration of different aspects of multi-agency provision.

AMBIT may sometimes prefer to "wrap around" and assertively consult to and [[scaffold|Scaffolding existing relationships]] an //existing worker// who is identified as having a good relationship, rather than insisting that this relationship is jeopardised by insistence on forming a new relationship.  This is in keeping with the AMBIT notion of the "Team around a Worker":
!Team around the Worker
Where actively supporting the mentalizing of colleagues is a ''CORE task'' for ''all'' workers:
<<image [[Team around the Worker - pic]] width:700 height:500>> 

----

See [[Addressing Dis-integration]] for the details of ideas from AMBIT - possible techniques include: [[Dis-integration grid]] or [[The AMBIT Pro-Gram]] or [[Sculpting a network]].

----

!!How would you introduce the topic of Dis-integration and grids to your team?

Text here...

!!Where might your team use these tools?

Text here...

!!How would the team ensure implementation of these intentions?

Text here...

This in early draft [[(a) Work in Progress - Major change]]

Needs conversation and manualizing
* AMBIT as a whole-systems change approach
* Holding onto the "guerilla-change" elements of local individual changing stances AS WELL as engaging with largescale organisational/managerial change

Adolescents are often diffident, avoidant, and socially awkward, especially in conversation with adults, and even moreso in relation to subjects that are perceived as embarrassing, or in any way "odd" (as much of a mental state examination frankly is, when judged according to common sense standards.)

Research on Adolescent [[NeuroDevelopmental]] characteristics, demonstrates that (primarily on account of a mismatch between their relatively under-developed frontal brain regions compared to other components of the limbic system which log socially relevant communications and generate affective responses to these) they are easily overwhelmed by the //emotional impact// of social situations. This triggers "fight or flight" responses or attachment behaviours, both of which inhibit [[Mentalization]] and limit the capacity for engagement.

Many people hate role playing.

We accept this, but would want to explain:

!(a) WHY we think that role playing is very important and helpful.
* Role playing is in ways nothing like real therapeutic work... But... It is the closest we can get to practicing how to develop and use the [[KeyWorker]] relationships that are so central to the effectiveness of any AMBIT-influenced practice.
* The point of most role playing is to practice the [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]] 
* And role play does have one thing in common with real therapeutic work - it is (or can be) stressful.
* So while the stress is different, it will have a similar effect on your capacity to work effectively (to mentalize) as it does when it occurs "in the field"; learning to work in stressful settings is part of what AMBIT is about.
* Having said this, we do NOT want any role play to have any shaming effect on any workers - as this is not a good context for learning. 

!(b) HOW to make role playing less painful
* It is tempting always to pick the WORST client we can imagine for a role play - particularly if we are learning a new way of working ("I'll test this out to destruction!") - DON'T!  Pick a young person or family who have got some motivation to change - the point is to give each other scenarios to practice and play.
* Remember the clue is in the name - it is role PLAY, so keep it playful, and allow oneself and others the chance to make a time out sign and break out of role to discuss what is going on, how //"I have lost it!"//... but then be sure to talk about why, and what to do next, and then get back in and play some more.
* Do try to stay on task - it is easy to get drawn into very meaningful conversations about the work in the middle of a role play, which may be very effective defences against exposing oneself to the anxiety of role playing
* Do practice being a mentalizing presence for your colleagues in the role play - //"I wonder what does X maybe need to help her feel that she can get back into that role play and try again?"//

!(c) WHAT to avoid doing in role plays
* Do not use role plays to humiliate or shame others!
* Accept it if a colleague opts out of active role playing - they can still play an active role as a "mentalizing presence" watching from a "meta-position".
* Don't assume that you "can't do it" - consider the possibility that you may be mistaken on that count!

Developing, improving and changing practice does not happen quickly. Training events on their own are unlikely to make much impact on routine practice unless such training is complemented by a range of on-going activities that encourage learning and development. Most teams have existing systems around this, e.g. supervision, mandatory training, appraisal and individual training plans. If AMBIT practice is to develop and grow, it is essential that it is connected to these systems. This requires a plan!!

The plan should include the following:
! Specific objectives 
This refers to the [[Post-training outcome goals]] that we encourage teams to start to set at the very beginning (or before) any formal [[AMBIT training]].
*Following AMBIT principles, these are best if they are [[SMART goals]] (objectives) which are //realistic// to the teams work and practice. Some examples are shown below.
**During the first six months, to establish thinking together as part of case discussion in teams. 
**To use the AIM on a 10 cases and review its usefulness. 
**To practice manualizing once a month as part of a team meeting.
! Agreed on-going training activities 
*Most teams have some meeting structures and support time. It is useful to be clear whether any of this time can be used for on-going development of AMBIT practice. Again, modest plans likely to work best. 
! Relationship of AMBIT to supervision
*It is helpful to consider how supervision links to AMBIT. If the team members are receiving supervision from supervisors unfamiliar with AMBIT this is likely to make progress more slow. One suggestion would be to have a meeting with all supervisors to consider their ideas about how to use AMBIT in supervision. 
!Relationship of AMBIT to wider training activities
* There will be a range of existing on-going training activity including, for example, child protection training. It is useful to consider how  AMBIT sits alongside this. It is not intended that AMBIT should replace all of this but there may be some creativity as to how different training tasks can become more linked up. 
! Team Induction 
* AMBIT needs to be part of the induction programme for new team members. 
! Methods of reviewing progress 
The Implementation Plan should be reviewed by the Implementation Team periodically. This should be explicit in the plan itself. 

We provide a template for an [[Implementation Plan]] that should be edited by the team.  It contains a range of headings that the [[Implementation Team]] may wish to consider.

!Introductory comments:
[[Aims and Goals]] should flow directly from the [[Formulation|Formulation and Treatment Aims]] that you develop collaboratively with a young person; this is because formulating a young person's story is really about [[Mentalizing]] them accurately, and mentalizing is directly related to making sense of their [[Intentional stance]].

Compared to the immediacy of the concrete steps suggested by a plan, treatment [[Aims and Goals]] are more distant pointers/directions - that act like the compass and map for the therapeutic journey, describing the [[Intentional stance]] and intermediate [[waymarks|Agreeing Waymarks]] against which progress can be measured.

The [[Aims and Goals]] will shape those changes that various parts of the system ([[Family|FamilyInformalNetworkMembers]], ProfessionalNetworkMembers) consider to be ''the minimum change necessary'' to make a real, and positive difference. 

!Taking Aim

[[Taking Aim]] is a specific aspect of the AMBIT approach to [[Active Planning]], that takes into account the fact that a young person's, the family's and also the worker's //ideas about the goals of work// may change over time, but that [[Goals-based outcome measures]] are also immensely helpful.  Aims and Goals cannot be set until there is first clarity about what resiliencies and problems are present within, and around the young person/their family/carers.  We recommend the [[AIM]] assessment as one way to approach determining [[What's the problem?]] that you as a worker are being invited to help with.

!Consulting widely

The ''Treatment aims'' are drawn up ''in consultation with the young person'' and ideally with their FamilyInformalNetworkMembers, too; they represent the best attempt to reach a prioritised and achievable set of outcomes.

In order to understand ([[Mentalize]]) these desired changes accurately you will need to understand the young person's views, as well as those of other parts of the young person's system; the FamilyInformalNetworkMembers, and the ProfessionalNetworkMembers.  Use the [[Dis-integration grid]] to help with this task.  The use of SupervisoryStructures in your team is crucial in this stage of [[Active Planning]]

!Drawing up Aims

AMBIT is not a monolithic approach, with predefined treatment aims - although developing the young person's or their family's [[Relationship to help]] is likely to be one aim.

Consider //all// the major functional domains:

!@@color(red):Patient priorities@@

What does the young person most need to see changing in order for him or her to think "since seeing you, things have started to get better."  (In the event of //disagreement// about the extent, or worrisomeness, of mental health symptoms, you can also make reference to professional observations/aims on mental state under "Health priorities" below.)  Consider also the [[StrengthsResiliencies]] that might usefully be built upon.

!@@color(red):Family/carer priorities@@

Ditto for the family/carers.  Include professional observations on family-functioning, and be clear //whose aims are whose// if there are differnt perspectives on what the problem(s) is (are).

!@@color(red):Health priorities@@

Are there significant health priorities, such as mental or physical health-related risks?  Include the risk of deterioration, and bear in mind the developmental trajectory of the young person (in childhood and adolescent developmental terms, 'standing still is going backwards'.)

!@@color(red):Education + Vocation priorities@@

Are there requirements for new opportunities or support in order to maintain or recover trajectories into adulthood?

!@@color(red):Social-ecology and Cultural priorities@@

Is there a need to support culturally relevant integration into normative activities and contact with existing local community resources?  Think of sports groups, youth resources, faith networks, groups serving specific cultural or ethnic populations...

!@@color(red):Professional network priorites@@

Are there examples of [[Dis-integrativeProcesses]] or [[Dis-integratedInterventions]]that require correction?  In relation to the <<tag [[Care Plan]]>> consider what conversations may be required to achieve the desired integration/coordination...  Use a [[Dis-integration grid]] to help clarify what you know and do not know about the different aims within the system, and to determine how best to reduce [[Dis-integration]] between these.

!Conflicting Aims:

Sometimes there are CONFLICTING treatment aims:

>//the family wants more control over their son who they see as behaving recklessly... the son wants more freedom for himself, from a family that he sees as overlooking his nearly-adult status, and treating like a younger child..//

In this case the task of the KeyWorker is to find a position to which all parties can sign up as the MINIMUM change that they could agree upon.  (In the example given, they might not agree on practical details, but they might agree that they want to see the number of arguments at home reduce from twice daily to once weekly, and for them not to escalate to violence. 

!Changing Aims 

Sometimes aims need to be altered during the course of treatment  (new information, changing circumstances, etc)

...then record these in a NEW Formulation (if you are using the manual in [[ICR]] mode, you can do this at [[Make or View Client Notes]] 

!Once aims are agreed:

You should record these as the conclusion of your [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]] of the case. 

!Aims and the Plan

Treatment Aims should shape the [[Care Plan]] - they are overarching targets, where the Care Plan is more specific and practically-oriented.  See [[Active Planning]] for advice on how to do this.

Affect refers to the emotional state //right in the here-and-now//. The ups and downs of a person's //affect//, as they average out over a longer period of time (say weeks or months) are what we call their //Mood//.

A helpful analogy is that ''WEATHER is to CLIMATE as AFFECT is to MOOD.''

[[Affect storms]] are common and unhelpful for therapy, as they effectively stop, or invalidate, mentalizing.
[[Affect Regulation]] is a capacity that therapy is designed to increase.

[[Affect]] is much harder for adolescents to regulate than it is for adults, owing to the particular NeuroDevelopmental changes that are in train during adolescence.  Adoelscents are much more easily overwhelmed by the emotional context of their social activities, and once overwhelmed, take longer to settle back to their 'baseline'.  See [[Affect storms]].

Regulation of emotional responses occurs via structures in the frontal areas of the brain (see NeuroDevelopmental for details), but when these are inadequate for the task, other methods may be recruited.

Included amongst these is [[Self Injurious Behaviour]], but less dramatic techniques are also used, such as tending to communicate through the mitigated medium of text messaging, or email, rather than face-to-face contact, the use of drugs and alcohol, or more 'healthy alternatives' such as vigorous exercise, etc.

One of the cardinal features of many, if not all of the personality disorders is a pervasive failure to regulate affect in adaptive, effective ways.  [[Mentalization]], when working effectively, is a powerful tool in helping to regulate affect, but, equally, it is severely constrained when affect is uncontrolled; you  cannot have effective [[Mentalizing]] when there is uncontrolled affect.

Aside from the NeuroDevelopmental aspects, Affect Regulation is developed within the context of a secure [[Attachment Relationship]] (see [[Secure Base]]).

!What is an Affect Storm?
When feelings ("[[Affect]]") run high in a particular situation, a person’s ability to mentalize is at risk of being impaired. If family members are present, this can be ‘infectious’, leading to ‘emotional knee jerk’ reflexes all round. 

In family sessions one can then observe heated interactions, with the participants blaming each other:

''//“you never….”'' or ''“you always”//''

Here the therapist’s task is to reduce the heat, so as to help family members to recover some degree of successful mentalization.

!What to do in an affect storm
See [[Simmering Down]], [[Taking a break]] and [[Therapist's use of Self]].

These could be seen as another version of what [[SystemsTheory]] practitioners refer to as a reframing - picking out the positive aspects of an account that may have origianlly been framed in more negative terms.

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!What is this?

This is the final stage of <<tag [[Active Planning: a core process with clients]]>> referring to collaborative care-planning that is at the heart of [[Active Planning]], one of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]].

Having mapped out the different intentions and goals (or destinations - see also [[Aims and Goals]]) that worker and young person may have in their minds, and explored the reasons for any differences, the worker now seeks to find ''compromise, or destinations that might act as waymarks on a longer journey'' whose ultimate destination is undecided as yet.

Implicit in this is an acceptance that goals or ultimate destinations are ''"just plans"'', and may change with circumstances, with the growth of knowledge and understanding, etc (see some of the [[Features of Successful Mentalizing]], which include the ability to take a developmental perspective, the belief in changeability, and the stance safe uncertainty.)

! A Useful Tool for agreeing waymarks:

A useful tool for this is the [[Active Planning Map]].

!Keeping it real: the obligation to manage risk 

There are obligations upon the KeyWorker to demonstrate they are [[Managing Risk]] safely and appropriately.  

This may lead to significant differences becoming apparent (for instance the worker is very worried about safety, and the client is not) and these are addressed at [[Individual Differences and Disagreements]].

If there are major risks identified, then the KeyWorker must be open (see [[Broadcasting Intentions]]) about the constraints that these place upon her.  This will be easier if discussion about [[Confidentiality]] and its limits has occurred early in the therapeutic relationship.

At the very least there may have to be [[Crisis Contingency Planning]] to cover the key areas of concern.

There are many ways to translate Aims, Goals and Plans... and other words that could be used in their place.  We define them below, in terms of the proximity/distance to the opportunities in the present.  See the [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]] for consideration of how to develop these ''collaboratively'' and in ways that speak to the young person's own experience of life.

!Note, there is an //assumption of intention//:

* Even if the young person's //current// behaviour (their immediate 'plan') is difficult to make sense of, their goals and more distant aims may be rather more understandable, even though they may take a little more "teasing out". (See the examples below.)
* Aims (and perhaps Goals) may often be the place where the keyworker and young person can have a "meeting of minds."  Plans are often where the workers intentions and the young person's intentions most obviously diverge.
* One of the shared treatment aims that most [[AMBIT-influenced]] teams would agree on, is to have a positive impact upon the young person's [[Relationship to help]].

!What to do

|There is [[Advice on setting Treatment Aims and Goals]].|

!Definitions
Note that it may be much easier to find common ground about relatively distant, or more general ''Aims'' than it is about close-up ''Plans''!

!!The "AIM"
|''...is the direction of travel towards the horizon.''|

Examples:
@@color(red):(a)  - Be happy, create happiness@@
@@color(green):(b)  - Be respected@@
@@color(blue):(c)  - Being truly and publicly myself@@

!!The "GOAL"
|''...is to get to “Town A” by nightfall.''|

Examples:
@@color(red):(a) - Hook up with good friends, enjoy ourselves@@
@@color(green):(b) - Feel good about myself with a cool phone@@
@@color(blue):(c) - Develop a gorgeously shocking body@@

!!The "PLAN"
|''...is to start out on //this// road, here.''|

Examples:
@@color(red):(a) - Score some good weed, and persuade X to come dancing…@@
@@color(green):(b) - Hit the man with the iPhone@@
@@color(blue):(c) - Get my tongue/nipple/penis pierced@@

!Differences of opinion
There is a greater likelihood that a worker and client will find common ground in the more general/distant Aims, than there are in the more immediate Plans.  See the [[Active Planning Map]] for the "Egg and Triangle" tool that can be used help draw these out and encourage collaboration.

!What are the Aims of Family Work?

The main aim of family work is [[Restoring family capacity]] - which relates to the [[Core Features of AMBIT]] as it is an example of [[Scaffolding existing relationships]].  

The worker attempts to do this by working to //contextualize// the presenting symptom(s); that is, to develop an understanding of how these difficulties might fit in the context of the young person's current and past relationships with family members and/or significant others, as well as of social and cultural factors and discourses. 

Systemic interventions aim to:
*help the young person and the various family members to get //new perspectives// or new understandings on the presenting problem(s)
*to attach different meanings to these
*to experiment with new ways of relating to one another
*to jointly find new and practical solutions to pressing problems and dilemmas. Interventions aim to 
*block dysfunctional family interactions and communications 
*activate new, more functional transactions. 

This is the third stage in the [[Social-Ecological Work]] that AMBIT recommends

!Allocating tasks

Once the mapping of needs and resources is complete (although remember this is a dynamic process so that new items may be added and subtracted at any time) allocate who should be taking responsibility for arranging what, and decide on a rough timetable for these activities, which can be noted down. 

This can be checked upon weekly, and the timetable adapted to suit the changing circumstances of the family. It will act as a route map and a measure of progress of the young person's return towards more normative patterns of social functioning. Moreover, if co-constructed with the young person and the family, it is to be hoped that it is one that acknowledges differences within the system, but is owned collectively by that system.

This process is closely linked to [[Addressing Dis-integration]], which is one of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]] practice - as it is anticipated that the network around the young person may well have implicit or explicit conflicts and difficulties. The basic AMBIT stance is to address this aspect of agency working proactively (see [[Active Planning]]) and to take a high level of responsibility in trying to address network problems. 

!Identifying gaps

Gaps between perceived needs and known resources need to be managed collaboratively - [[Active Planning]] is required to develop strategies for managing these.  

''The KeyWorker is not responsible for the absence of available community resources'', and needs to avoid being drawn into the position of apologist for the wider system with all its inequalities. 

''Acknowledgement of the reality of gaps'' may help to emphasise the collaborative relationship between KeyWorker and family, so that the professional is seen as much as someone who stands with the family in their struggle, as a representative of external power structures.

''Ask the question: "Is a perceived gap a real gap?"'' (i.e. a need for which there is no resource available to provide for it), or whether it is because the appropriate resource has simply not yet been identified.  

''Are there different search strategies that can be employed'' by the family or the KeyWorker to locate the resource that is missing?  

''Is there an acceptable 'second best' available?''

In the event of an unbridgeable gap (hopefully rare) are there authorities (Social Services managers, local councillors, MP's) that the family could contact?

Considering the [[Relationship to help]] that a young person engaged with a service demonstrates may be helped by thinking about the feelings stirred in the worker.

A sense that I am "pushing too hard" may be an indication that we are in the [[INTERVENTION PHASE]] and that this is a common perception that the young person has about "help" - (that it doesn't often feel like help, but more like a kind of persecution)... or it may indicate that the work is moving towards the [[ENDING PHASE]], and what I am wrestling with is my OWN attachment to my client, with the risk that I may inadvertently demonstrate a lack of confidence in the capacities of the young person (that may mirror the kinds of attitudes that he or she has faced for many years.)

Please do not edit this tiddler. It was created during setup.

Literally "both sides": the notion of holding conflicting ideas or feelings about something //simultaneously//.

It is a part of the human condition, and not a pthaological state in itself.

[[Motivational Work]] stresses the normal nature of this state of being.

//"I want to stop drinking, and I don't want to stop drinking."//

tracker: UA-25463221-1

There is not much evidence for the effectiveness of traditional anger management techniques even though anger management is commonly cited as something that should be offered to young people. 

Mentalization based approaches would not tend to see anger as requiring a fundamentally different approach to managing other mental states. 

#The basic stance of [[MentalizationBasedWork]] is aimed at increasing awareness and sensitivity to one's own and others mental states and to develop capacities to recognise such feelings, preferably at an early stage.  
#Similar to [[Cognitive Behavioural]] approaches, Mentalization based approaches would take a neutral non-judgemental approach to angry FEELINGS but would sharply separate angry feelings from angry BEHAVIOUR.  For many highly troubled young people, anger may be a highly appropriate almost adaptive state of mind in relation to their life experiences and the key worker would wish to adoptive a respectful curious stance towards such //feeling states//. This respectful stance is not adopted towards angry and violent //behaviour//.
#Being able to [[Notice and Name]] early warning signs that point towards an anger outburst is a key feature of most anger-management programmes.
##This fits the process of the [[Mentalizing Loop]].
##It is also an element of a cognitive behavioural approach
!!!When anger erupts
There is material on dealing with [[Affect storms]] and [[Manage Violence]] gives information on de-escalation, and Body Language, etc.
!!!Anger and Mentalizing
Anger rapidly reduces mentalising and also capacity to problem solve. Because of this, reasoning with people in angry states (these might be best described as [[Psychic equivalence]]) is often unproductive and the focus should be on de-escalation and reducing the effect of [[Affect storms]].

----
The Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families is a charity dedicated to ''Innovation'' in the the treatment of mental health difficulties in Children and Young people, ''Evaluation'' of new treatments, and the ''Dissemination'' of effective techniques to the widest possible audience.  Further information can be found at the Centre's  [[website|http://www.annafreudcentre.org/]].

The AMBIT project is hosted and [[supported|Sponsors]] by the [[Centre|http://www.annafreud.org]].

!!''Consider supporting us''
AMBIT relies entirely on charitable donations and the fees it raises through training, it works to keep its training prices as low as possible to enable maximum dissemination, and all of its training and theoretical materials are presented freely (OpenSource) on the web.  ''Giving'' can be arranged via the [[Centre|http://www.annafreud.org]] website.

!Purpose

To give an overview of Anxiety as a common problem affecting young people and adults, with pointers towards how to treat this.

!Information

Below is a leaflet produced by the Royal College of Psychiatrists, or you can open it in a separate browser window [[Here|http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mentalhealthinfo/problems/anxietyphobias/anxiety,panic,phobias.aspx]]

Underneath this, you will find links to material in this manual to direct treatment.

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!Panic
There is a separate page on [[Panic Attacks]]
!What to do

* The most powerfully-evidenced treatment for Anxiety is [[Cognitive Behavioural]] work.
*Some [[FamilyWork]] is advisable, especially in order to:
** Recruit the family to support treatment
** Provide some PsychoEducation so that family members share the same understanding of the child's problems.
** Reduce any criticism, or blaming, and reduce expressed emotion in the family.
* With permission from the young person/family it is helpful to liaise with the school or other agencies to ensure that there is a shared understanding of the problem and the solutions we are working towards (see [[Working in multiple domains]]).

This is the proposed approach to agreeing a core evaluation framework and setting up the [[AMBIT Study group|The AMBIT Study Group]]. 

!!Gathering Data
''Step 1:'' Collate the [[measures that were used by AMBIT teams|Measures used by AMBIT Teams]] who attended the seminar 

''Step 2:'' Share this info with all teams trained and ask them if they have data/ what they are measuring - if they respond ask if they would like to be part of the study group.

!![[AMBIT Study Group|The AMBIT Study Group]]
''Step 3:'' Set up study group. //First meeting Autumn 2019 with the aim of sharing data.//



!!CASUS Data
*Analysis of CASUS Data has begun
!!Preliminary study

*Find a team to do a preliminary evaluation, using the AIM with for example, 20 cases.

No.  

* [[AMBIT]] refers to ones "sphere of influence" - and as a method of practice encourages that the limits of this are brought into explicit awareness/acknowledgement, rather than this being //implicit//.
* There is a wide a range of material in the AMBIT manual, from general material that would be relevant to all practitioners, to more specific manualised [[Interventions|Specific interventions]] that may be of interest to many - by way of "making sense of" ([[Mentalizing]]!) the actions of workers more specifically focused on that aspect of work, but of //specific use// to a smaller range of workers.
* If there is doubt or anxiety for a worker about //"what should I do?"// in a specific case then this would seem to be a useful prompt for using the SupervisoryStructures in the team to help [[mentalize this|Mentalization]].

Asen, E. & Bevington, D. (2007): Barefoot practitioners: a proposal for a manualized, home-based Adolescent in Crisis Intervention Project. In: Baruch, G., Fonagy, P. & Robins, D. (eds): [[Reaching the Hard to Reach|http://www.amazon.co.uk/Reaching-Hard-Reach-Evidence-Based-Intervention/dp/0470019417]]. John Wiley, Chichester

//An early description of the model, with less emphasis on the __organisational elements__.//

!Inexact Science:
Remember that the stage of change is not a static thing, and like [[Mentalization]] it is in a constant state of flux - you are looking for a broad estimate of where the young person is //at this point in time...//

!!Ask the following questions:
To help clarify which of the [[Stages of Change]] your client is in...

!1. How important?

How important does it feel for you to change now?  
* Scale 0 - 100
* Where 0 is completely unimportant and 100 is the Most Important thing.

!2. How confident? 

How confident are you about making those changes?  
* Scale 0 - 100
* Where 0 is no confidence and 100 is complete confidence.
 
!3. How far?
 
How far have you got in the journey towards making those changes?  
* Scale 0 - 100
* Where 0 is "haven't started any planning yet" and  100 is "job done".

!Record your findings:

This should be recorded in your notes.  

>//If you are using this manual as an [[ICR]], then you can record this in the [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]] (you do this via [[Make or View Client Notes]]) to record your estimation of this.//

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!What's here?
* A video from Harvard business school about what is a [[Learning Organisation]], and how to help develop one.
* A questionnaire from Harvard Business School to assess where your team is in relation to this ideal
!What are you looking for?
This video from the Harvard Business School provides an introduction to a method of assessing how closely your own team complies with some of the core features of a learning organisation.  ''@@color(blue):there is a particularly key part of the discussion from 4min 48sec, where they cover WHAT DO YOU HAVE TO DO to start to create a Learning Organisation...:@@''
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!!Online survey to assess your team's proximity to a "Learning organisation"
The survey referred to in the video above is freely available online [[here|http://los.hbs.edu]] (note -  the survey does not save your results, so cut and paste your scores onto a word document to save them) - or if you are online it will be displayed below:

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!!'Learning Organisations' and AMBIT
AMBIT is designed to be an open system where the need for on-going learning, skill development and new knowledge is placed at the centre of the approach. This is partly because, at best, the desired outcomes of this area of work remain modest and the motivation is to find increasingly effective ways of offering help to troubled young people. 

The intention is that AMBIT is designed so that it can be adapted and used in organisations with very different structures and organisational cultures. This includes both statutory and third sector organisations. However, we would advocate that, independently of formal structure, the organisation needs to attend to processes of learning. 

See [[What's the problem?]] for a broad framework, and [[Taking Aim]] for more detail on what you can try to do when making your assessment.

The point of an assessment is to start the process of developing your [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]].

!Why?
''Some principles of Assessment for Drugs and Alcohol:'' Making a good assessment of a young person's drug and alcohol use is key because:
*The assessment is an important INTERVENTION in and of itself - especially if it is properly handled.
*A good assessment helps to set the scene for the most appropriate [[Care Plan]]
*Young people using drugs and alcohl are at greater RISK than those who are not
!What to do?

The UK's National Treatment Agency (NTA) has produced a good document that covers the essentials of assessing a young person's substance use in great detail.  See [[NTA - Assessing Young People for Substance Use]].

For guidance contained within this manual, see below.

''__1. DRUG/ALCOHOL HISTORY__''
Taking a good [[Substance Use History]] is important.  (If you are using the [[ICR]] function in this manual, then you can use the form at [[Make or View Client Notes]] to record this.

''__2. ADDITIONAL KEY INFORMATION:__''
There are three key additional areas that should be enquired about in an assessment IN ADDITION to the drug and alcohol history:

(a) ''Risks:'' You can use the [[RiskAssessment]] at [[Make or View Client Notes]].

(b) ''Mental Health, other Comorbidities, and Resiliences:'' You can use the [[AIM]] and consultation with the team/Psychiatrist via SupervisoryStructures.  Remember there are [[Multiple interacting aetiologies]] for adolescent Substance Use Disorder, and within resiliencies you will be looking at Family and other pro-social relationships within the young person's social ecology.

(c) ''Stage of Change:'' You can refer to [[Assess Stage of Change]], and record this under the [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]] via [[Make or View Client Notes]].  This is key to fulfilling one of the key [[SUD-Rx principles]], which is that, as practitioners you should [[Adapt your Discourse]] to fit //where the young person is// re. the [[Stages of Change]].

It is helpful to clarify what STAGE the young person is at:  the following grid adapted from [[Mirza and Mirza (2008) Adolescent Substance Use]] offers helpful markers along the route to harmful and dependent use in youth, that are more relevant to the [[Developmental Considerations]] that "set the scene" in which this drama unfolds.  

(There is a direct external link to this table [[here|https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-utBsBfmyG7o/UHMdJBNY02I/AAAAAAAAFRU/p9T0iJwr2SI/s864/SUDClassification.jpg]]) and SEE BELOW FOR THE ~ALL-IMPORTANT ''//FEEDING BACK//'' of your findings to the young person:

[img[https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-utBsBfmyG7o/UHMdJBNY02I/AAAAAAAAFRU/p9T0iJwr2SI/s864/SUDClassification.jpg]]

''__3. ASSESSMENT = INTERVENTION! - Giving FEEDBACK__''
You must GIVE ''FEEDBACK''.  Giving clear, personalised feedback about the assessment is a key part of the assessment; where an Assessment actually becomes an Intervention.  See [[Assessment for SUD-Rx - Giving Feedback]].

!Importance of feedback:
An important component of successful Brief Interventions is the delivery of //personalised// feedback on the young person's assessment, so as to //contextualise// his/her substance use in respect of his/her peer group.
!!It is important to:
#''Be honest'' - do not exaggerate the extremity of a young person's substance use.
#Conversely, ''avoid unwittingly "normalising"'' (and potentially reinforcing) the young person's reported drug use.
#Consider the fact that the young person's immediate peer group/social ecology may be either (or both): 
##A ''resilience factor'' (non-drug-using, pro-social, supportive and challenging YP's substance use) or... 
##A ''vulnerability factor'' (drug-using, normalising substance use, antisocial, collusive.)

!How to deliver feedback:

!!1. @@color(red):Invite curiosity@@:
>//''"I've been asking all these questions... I find myself wondering if YOU might be wondering what kind of things I have begun to understand from this assessment?"''//
!!2. @@color(red):Use understandable and memorable images@@:
>//"Imagine all the young people of your age within twenty miles of here were lined up in long line...  Now imagine they are lined up in order of how heavily involved with substance use they are... the ''very heaviest involved'' are on that end, moving down to the ''lowest involved'' at this end.//

>//''where would you ''want'' to be on that scale?''//
 
>//''where do you think you ''actually'' are?''//
When they answer that question, do remember that it may be that they are moving in a group that use more, or less than ''most'' young people. Use web-based statistics to compare their use to that of the general population of their age-group.

!!3. @@color(red):Cover core details@@:
Assuming the young person can be engaged to show interest, try to cover your assessment of their habit in terms of:
#AMOUNT
#SEVERITY
#RISKS
!!4. @@color(red):Conclude with choices and treatment options@@:
>//''"Now that you have this knowledge, I am guessing that you may want to leave it at that, but you may also like to think about the kinds of choices you have about what to do next?"''//

<<tabs AssessmentNotes 
"Assesst." "The story of the problems and strengths, and their ecology" AssessmentTab 
"Formula/CarePlan" "What to do with what we know?" CarePlanTab>>

AssessmentTab

''Presenting Problems''
<<tag  PresentingProblems>>
<<newJournal label:"Record New" focus:title text:"You can delete these notes and over-write them.

Document the problem here. Onset, Severity, Pervasiveness...

Consider... WHOSE problem is this?

Do other FamilyNetworkMembers or ProfessionalNetworkMembers share the same understanding about this problem?  

If not what are the other understandings?

This is already tagged with ClientNotes; add any additional tags that might help sort this entry in the future." title:"JUST START TYPING TO OVER-WRITE THIS: DESCRIBE PROBLEM HERE" tag:ClientNotes:PresentingProblems>>
!
''Substance Use''
<<tag [[Substance Use History]]>>
<<newJournal label:"Record New" focus:title text:"You can delete these notes and over-write them.

Keep one of these [[Tiddler]]s for each substance.

Consider the following information:
Age when first started: .........
How much used (amount/cost per week): .........
Frequency of use (x times daily, or weekly binges, etc): ..........
Circumstances of use (alone/with peers, etc): ..........
How used (Route of intake; swallow/smoke/sniff/inject etc): ..........
Other relevant info: ....(Drug debts, risky behaviours involved in paying for drugs, reported overdoses, etc)....

This is already tagged with ClientNotes and [[Substance Use History]]; add any additional tags that might help sort this entry in the future." title:"JUST START TYPING TO OVER-WRITE THIS: Name the SUBSTANCE here." tag:ClientNotes:[[Substance Use History]]>>
!
''Developmental  and Personal History''
<<tag DevelopmentalHistory>>
<<newJournal label:"Record new" focus:title text:"You can delete these notes and over-write them.
Document the Child Developmental history item here.  For instance possible physical problems during pregnancy, at or around birth, early milestones (walking, talking...) early social interactions, early play and habits...
Include also significant experiences like parental separations, witnessing domestic violence, bullying or trauma.
This note is already tagged with ClientNotes and DevelopmentalHistory; add any additional tags that might help sort this entry in the future." title:"JUST START TYPING TO OVER-WRITE THIS: TITLE of DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY item here." tag:ClientNotes:DevelopmentalHistory>>
!
''Family MEMBERS''
<<tag FamilyInformalNetworkMembers>>
<<newJournal label:"Record new" focus:title text:"You can delete these notes and over-write them.

Relationship to young person (father, sister, etc):.....................
Quality of relationship: ..........................
Other relevant details about family member (job, health, etc):.............................

This note is already tagged with ClientNotes and FamilyInformalNetworkMembers; add any additional tags that might help sort this entry in the future." title:"JUST START TYPING TO OVER-WRITE THIS: Family member's name and relationship (sister, mother, etc) goes here." tag:ClientNotes:FamilyInformalNetworkMembers>>
!
''Family HISTORY''
<<tag FamilyHistory>>
<<newJournal label:"Record new" focus:title text:"
Record information about the family in general, especially any mental health problems, or substance use in direct family members, or themes that are relevant to the family in general, here.
This note is already tagged with ClientNotes and FamilyMembers; add any additional tags that might help to sort this entry in the future." title:"JUST START TYPING TO OVER-WRITE THIS: new title for Family History item goes here" tag:ClientNotes:FamilyHistory>>
!
''Past Psych History''
<<tag PastPsychHistory>>
<<newJournal label:"Record new" focus:title text:"You can delete these notes and over-write them.
Record information about the young person's past psychological or psychiatric history - problems, diagnoses and treatments that have been offered in the past.  

Are they still seeing professionals? 

Are they still taking medication (if so, record this separately)?

This note is already tagged with ClientNotes and PastPsychHistory; add any additional tags that might help to sort this entry in the future." title:"JUST START TYPING TO OVER-WRITE THIS: new title for Past Psych History item goes here" tag:ClientNotes:PastPsychHistory>>
!
''Past Medical History''
<<tag PastMedicalHistory>>
<<newJournal label:"Record new" focus:title text:"You can delete these notes and over-write them.

Record information about the young person's past medical history - problems, diagnoses and treatments that have been offered in the past, or are ongoing (i.e. important background information that sets the scene for the young person's psychological or social vulnerabilities.)  

Are they still seeing professionals? 

Are they still taking MEDICATION (if so, record separately)

Any ALLERGIES?

This note is already tagged with ClientNotes and PastMedicalHistory; add any additional tags that might help to sort this entry in the future." title:"JUST START TYPING TO OVER-WRITE THIS: new title for Medical History item goes here" tag:ClientNotes:PastMedicalHistory>>
!
''Education, Employment, Training:''
<<tag EducationEmploymentTraining>>
<<newJournal label:"Record new" focus:title text:"You can delete these notes and over-write them.

Record information about the young person's education or training, and any employment they have been in, or are in. 

Have they any qualifications?
Are they working towards exams?
Do they have basic literacy, numeracy?
Future plans?

This note is already tagged with ClientNotes and PastMedicalHistory; add any additional tags that might help to sort this entry in the future." title:"JUST START TYPING TO OVER-WRITE THIS: new title for EducationEmploymentTraining item goes here" tag:ClientNotes:EducationEmploymentTraining>>
!
''RESILIENCIES''
<<tag StrengthsResiliencies>>
<<newJournal label:"Record new" label:"Record strengths and resiliencies that may be drawn upon in treatment" focus:title text:"[Delete these instructions] Describe strengths and resiliencies that may be helpful in treatment here..." title:"JUST START TYPING to title this new QUICK WIN" tag:ClientNotes:StrengthsResiliencies>>
!
''QUICK WINS''
In case momentum stalls... 
<<tag QuickWins>>
<<newJournal label:"Record new" focus:title text:"Describe the quick win here..." title:"JUST START TYPING to title this new QUICK WIN" tag:ClientNotes:QuickWins>>
!
''Professional Network''
<<tag ProfessionalNetworkMembers>>
<<newJournal label:"Record new" focus:title text:"You can delete these notes and over-write them.

Record information about the young person's PROFESSIONAL network (not the FamilyInformalNetworkMembers) here...

Name:........................................
Role:........................................
Contact details:...................................................
Brief description of the relationship (positive, distant, rejecting, supportive, etc):...........................

This note is already tagged with ClientNotes and ProfessionalNetworkMembers; add any additional tags that might help to sort this entry in the future." title:"JUST START TYPING TO OVER-WRITE THIS: Record name and role of prof. network member here" tag:ClientNotes:ProfessionalNetworkMembers>>

This is one of many [[Tags]] which links you to all aspects of Attachment in the manual.  

These are triggered when an individual is stressed in any way.  

At that point, the [[Attachment]] system is activated, and the person is driven by this to //modulate// how near or far he or she is from whatever is seen as the [[Attachment Object]].  

The way that the individual goes about organising themself (and others around them) so that the distance between them and their [[Attachment Object]] starts to feel //"right"// is largely dictated by the style of their [[Attachment Relationship]]  (Secure, ~Ambivalent-Enmeshed, ~Detached-Dismissive, Disorganised).  Examples of Attachment Behaviours might therefore be:
*Crying, distress (draws my [[Attachment Object]] in to closer proximity to me...)
*Ignoring, walking off (increases the distance, but keeps me in their mind...)
*Angry verbal (or even physical) attacks (Keeps them close to me, but punishes them for making me feel so needy...)
!!Attachment Behaviours and Mentalizing
Crucially, when [[Attachment Behaviours]] are //activated// the neurological structures that allow [[Mentalization]] are //de-activated//.  This //"see-saw"// between Attachment Behaviours and Mentalizing is a crucial understanding for practitioners to apply in their work.

Links to definitions of [[Attachment]] styles, behaviours and other concepts to go here:
!!Basic Attachment concepts:
[[Attachment Behaviours]]
[[Attachment Object]]
[[Secure Base]]
[[Internal Working Model]]
!!Attachment styles
See [[Attachment Relationship]]:
* Secure
* ~Anxious-Ambivalent-Enmeshed
* ~Detached-Dismissive
* Disorganised

This refers to whoever (or even whatever) a person in distress, whose [[Attachment Behaviours]] have been activated, sees as ''the strong authority figure'' that is available to them.
*For most children, their most important Attachment object is their ''mother''.
*Most children will have more than one Attachment objects available (''father'', ''grandparent'', ''teacher'', etc), and may have different [[Attachment Relationship]]s or styles, towards each of these.
Depending on their [[Attachment style|Attachment Definitions]] (which in turn is dictated by their [[Internal Working Model]] of how an [[Attachment Relationship]] can be predicted to work) they may react in different ways towards this person ([[Secure]], [[Ambivalent-Enmeshed]], [[Detached-Dismissive]], [[Disorganised]]).

''The tag <<tag [[Attachment]]>> gathers together other material relating to this topic. '' This is a particular and important aspect of human relationships described by Bowlby, and subsequently developed by a large body of researchers and theorists.

!!Definitions
When we speak of there being an Attachment Relationship between two people (for instance between a KeyWorker and young person) ''this does not mean that they are 'attached' in a //sentimental// way''! 

An attachment relationship refers to the fact that a ''specific person'' responds to ''another specific person'' in somewhat predictable ways, particularly at a time of stress.  Note that one person might have quite //different// styles of attachment relationship towards the different key figures in their life - and it seems that during adolescence one of the things that happens is that multiple parallel (perhaps quite different) attachments start to merge (to "average out", if we were to put it crudely) - in this way humans start to form increasingly lasting "expectancies" about helping/caring/authority relationships that we call [[Internal Working Model]]s - maps of how certain kinds of relationships tend to work.  This is absolutely crucial when we think about how AMBIT seeks to influence a young person's [[Relationship to help]]; what we are suggesting is that we want to introduce some differences and change in a young person's [[Internal Working Model]]s of helping relationships.  

Driven by the different kinds of expectancies held within a young person's [[Internal Working Model]], a range of different (increasingly ingrained and automatic) responses to distress and towards caregiving/authority figures emerge in attachment relationships; these are what are described by the different styles of attachment...

!Attachment styles
''Do they seek proximity?''
*The //reassurance// of being close (using someone as your [[Secure Base]]), that allows them "space to think" ([[Mentalization]]) - this is typical of ''SECURE attachments''

''Do they push away/drift off?''
*As if avoiding the //stress// of intimacy/feeling the sense of need that denies them the "space to think" - this is typical of ''DETACHED/DISMISSING attachments''

''Do they anxiously cling and yet angrily reject at the same time?'' 
*As if torn between their neediness, and fury at being so needy, and mistrustful of what might be on offer - this is typical of ''ANXIOUS/AMBIVALENT/ ENMESHED attachments''

''Do they switch back and forth between these styles, in ways that seem disconnected, bizarre, unpredictable?'' 
*This is typical of ''DISORGANIZED attachments'' - this is the most worrisome presentation, the one most strongly associated with maltreatment or trauma, and most predictive of future psychopathologies. 

//''IMPORTANT:'' //Please note that ''an attachment style is NOT a diagnosis, or a pathology in itself'' - it is just a //description of the style of relating to people and reacting to stress// - in some settings one or other attachment style may be more adaptive than others, and there are plenty of very successful people who exhibit ambivalent or detached attachment styles.  While there are a range of advantages for people classified as Securely attached, and disorganised attachment is very often a marker for other significant adaptive difficulties, it is important not to make too a concrete link between attachment style and "pathologies". 

!Development of Mentalizing within an attachment relationship.
[[Mentalization]] develops in children within their [[Attachment Relationship]]s.

If a mother is able to respond "contingently" (i.e. with enough sensitive attunement to the demands of the baby's condition; see [[Contingencies]] for how this is carried into [[Cognitive Behavioural]] approaches) and to apply [[Marked mirroring]] of her baby's mental state, then repeated experiences of this:
>//"Another mind that seems to understand and find ways to describe and respond to my experiences!"//
...helps to build a sense of ''//self//'', and of ''//self-agency//'':
>//"There is an "I"// ''[I can see this represented in her face]''//, and this "I" finds itself in different states// ''[happy, sad, frightened, hungry, hurting, surprised - which I can see her mimicking to me in ways that fit how I feel]''//, and this "I" can operate upon the world it somewhat predictable ways// ''[I find I can change things about the world, and me, by calling out, moving, and thinking differently]''...")
...and "thinking differently" here might refer to "thinking about thinking", or starting to "take a meta-perspective upon thoughts and feeling" - which is really the birth of [[Mentalization]].

Creating a more accurate narrative (see [[Explicit mentalization]]) is not the ultimate goal of MentalizationBasedWork. 

Feelings have to be felt in order to be brought under a degree of conscious control. In order for this to arise, a relational context must be created in which it is safe to explore one's own mind in the mind of another. The development of mentalizing in the context of a secure attachment relationship normally fosters capacities for [[Affect Regulation]]. 

The concept of ''mentalized affectivity'' points to the relation between mentalizing and affect regulation. Mentalizing effectively entails simultaneously feeling //and// thinking-about-feeling, and is a precondition for affect regulation, both at the level of the individual and at the level of the family system. The creation of a safe environment within the family for all its members is a precondition for this process to be initiated. Feeling recognized as an individual creates an analogue of the secure base experience and permits the activation of associated mental models with confidence to experience distress knowing that it will not overwhelm or permanently dysregulate one's capacity to function.

[[Mentalizing the Affect]] is a key capacity that the KeyWorker must use in MentalizationBasedWork, and fostering this capacity in the young person and family members is an aim in therapeutic work.  In [[AMBIT]] this is additionally something that workers take responsibility for fostering in each other, using [[Rituals and Disciplines]] such as [[Thinking Together]].

For definitions of attachment styles, behaviours and other concepts click on [[Attachment Definitions]]

Following Bowlby, we assume that attachment is an essential facet of human development and that a key function of the family is to provide a framework for the development of increasingly autonomous personality functioning, underpinned by a secure attachment system. 

Families in which serious psychiatric crises arise in adolescence tend to have distortions of the attachment system. This may be a result of chronic disturbance in a specific individual, or the parental relationship; additionally it may reflect the behaviour of a caregiver in the past, the intense pressures placed on the caregiver by the child earlier in development, or most commonly both of these. 

In some key respect, the family has ceased to be a [[Secure Base]], in that either the YP does not feel reassured by the presence of other family members, or those family members have ceased to be able to offer support and acceptance, thus the attachment system does not function to contain the YP's disturbed emotional states or behaviour. 

Within our framework, the capacity of the family to have a sufficiently coherent picture of each others' states of mind is a key facet of attachment (see [[Mentalization]]). One sign of the disturbance in the attachment system is that there are massive distortions of perceptions of other people's attitudes and intentions, and that an aim of the intervention is to reinforce attachment processes through enhanced understanding.
 
The moment of crisis may be understood as a breakdown of the attachment system, in which the parents and/or the YP are willing to give up the bond that would normally make the troubled YP seek security and safety in the family. This may be a reaction to a long history of dismissing attachment style, or preoccupied entanglement, or the dramatic exaggeration of a developmentally appropriate move away from the family. Whatever the roots may be, the aim of the crisis intervention is to make the family a more secure base for the YP. What may be most important in that context is that the keyworker (KW), through his intensive and reassuring presence, begins this experience for the family members of a more secure base. The calm, sensitive, appropriate behaviour of the KW is intended to activate more secure [[Internal Working Model]]s of attachment relationships for all members of the family.

----
!!''Content''
This manual is an attempt to synthesise the work of a group of clinicians and academics based in London and Cambridge, UK:

!!!Original Authors:
*Dr DickonBevington
*Dr [[Peter Fuggle]]
*Dr EiaAsen
*Prof PeterFonagy
*Dr MaryTarget
*NeilDawson
*RabiaMalik

!!!AMBIT Editorial Group
Ongoing changes, adaptations and additions to content are made by the [[AMBIT Editorial Group]] - see relevant content management material here:

<<tag [[AMBIT Editorial Group]]>>

!!!Licensing
Note that all the content of the AMBIT manual is released under a [[Creative Commons Licence|Licensed]] - please check the terms of this if you or your team are using this material.

!!''Tiddly Manuals''
Tiddly Manuals are an approach to the use of wikis as adaptable opensource treatment manuals is the copyright of Dr Dickon Bevington ([[link|http://www.tiddlymanuals.com]]) and is also released under Creative Commons License - see the tiddlymanuals website for details of this.

!!''Software and Programming:''
The Software that this manual is written in is called [[TiddlyWiki|www.tiddlywiki.com]], and was originally invented by [[Jeremy Ruston|http://osmosoft.com/]].  It is licensed separately, and is an OpenSource product.  With a bit of work a beginner can quickly learn to do a lot with it.  

We acknowledge with gratitude the support of Jeremy, and his colleagues at [[Osmosoft|http://osmosoft.com/]], and in particular Jonathan Lister and Joshua Bradley at [[withjandj|http://www.withjandj.com/]] who have supported the design and programming of the new AMBIT [[theme|http://ambit-theme.tiddlyspace.com]], with the generous backing of our [[Sponsors]].

Literally "~Self-Teaching" it means [[Self-directed learning]] - we envisage the resources being developed and shared openly in AMBIT's OpenSource approach to therapy innovation and development as being increasingly open for use by teams and individuals who are self-directed learners.  Please do note our [[Disclaimer]] - clinicians remain responsible for their own practice.

Literally "Self-rule".

The open-source programming arm of British Telecom has helped to develop the free resource ([[TiddlyWiki]]), and its online hosting ([[TiddlySpace]]) that powers the AMBIT treatment manual.  We acknowledge the vital support and expertise of [[BT-Osmosoft|http://osmosoft.com/]] in our non-commercial collaboration to develop the treatment manual. 

!Reference:
Egon Bachler, Alexander Frühmann, Herbert Bachler, Benjamin Aas, Guido Strunke and Marius Nickel (2014) //"Differential effects of the working alliance in family therapeutic home-based treatment of multi-problem families"// Journal of Family Therapy (2014) doi: 10.1111/1467-6427.12063

!Abstract:
Families with a low socioeconomic status play an increasingly significant role in health services, research and social policy. The present outcome research study is a pre/post naturalistic study of home-based therapeutic work with multi-problem families (MPF), as conducted by Therapeutisch Ambulante Familenbetreung, an integrative family therapy with a structure-related, mentalization-based, psychoanalytic orientation. With a mean treatment duration of 75.7 weeks, 379 families showed significant psychological improvement on 10 scales concerning patient–therapist collaboration, treatment expectancy and psycho-social outcome measures with a medium to large effect size for all parameters (range: .35–1.49).
About two-thirds of the sample improved by two SD on individually set treatment goals, further supporting the clinical significance of the therapeutic effect of home-based family treatment. Improvements in goal-directed collaboration and treatment expectancy are shown to be related to clinical improvement. Structural family therapy interventions for families
with multiple problems thus benefit from individually setting goals and improving their self-efficacy and problem-solving by means of improved treatment expectancy.

!Practitioners' responsibility

It is the Worker who takes responsibility for maintaining a ''BALANCE''...

Between ''"Inside"'' change work, and ''"Outside"'' change work.  

In keeping with the [[Multiple interacting aetiologies]] in adolescent Substance Use Disorder, interventions that focus on //either// internal (cognitive or motivational) factors, //or// external (family or social-ecological) factors are immediately at a disadvantage.

Recognising that individual practitioners will have "favourite practices" and blind spots (losses of [[Mentalization]]) they sustain this balance via regular use of the SupervisoryStructures within the team.

!'"Inside" change work

[[Motivational Work]]
[[CognitiveBehavioural for SUD-Rx]]

!"Outside" change work

[[FamilyWork for SUD-Rx]]
[[Social-Ecological Work]]

The phrase originally comes from China - Chairman Mao in his 'Great Leap Forward' advocated the training of 'barefoot doctors'; practitioners trained in basic techniques of hygiene and simple treatments who provided the only possible way of beginning to address the needs of a hard-to-reach population.

In Mental Health the situation is very different, but in some ways analogous; there are undeniably large amounts of unmet need and shortages of highly specialised staff. It is perhaps not unreasonable to surmise that if service development pursues a path that insists upon only increasing super-specialisation of workers then this risks (albeit unwittingly) serving an agenda of //social exclusion//; it is difficult to envisage a time when there might really be enough highly trained specialists to fill vacant posts.  However, more significant by far, the barefoot KeyWorker (or '[[IMP]]') can deploy therapeutic modalities in settings where there would otherwise be none, and the ''integrated'' and ''multimodal'' nature of these interventions, that are delivered ''flexibly'', largely ''contingent upon the needs of the here-and-now'', offers hope for effectiveness in these hard-to-reach settings that has currently not been realised.

So, while KeyWorker described in this manual shares some of the features of the barefoot doctors of revolutionary China, the comparison is more descriptive analogy than fact.

!Barriers to help seeking in teams

In this Unconference workshop, we explored the barriers to seeking help in teams. Participants felt that establishing a culture of honesty and openness in teams, whereby team members felt able to share thoughts or feelings about their work without having to “dress them up” was a fundamental part of being able to practice effectively, but could be difficult to achieve.

We brainstormed some barriers to asking for help in teams, as follows:
*A worry about appearing incompetent 
*Low trust in colleagues – may be the case in newly formed teams, where building trust might be part of the developmental journey of the team, but equally could occur in well-established teams if there are difficulties between team members
*Worrying about one’s work and professional identity being negatively judged
*Not knowing who to ask for help
*Not knowing how to ask for help
*Not knowing what it might be ok to ask for help with
*Being physically separated from colleagues, by location (e.g. hot-desking or different localities)
*No time with colleagues, due to everyone being busy
*Worrying that the kind of help offered won’t be what was needed (e.g. “They’ll just give me even more to do!”)
*Competitiveness between team members 
*Not trusting/valuing the opinions and ideas of colleagues
*Previous negative experiences of seeking help from colleagues (either in current or previous roles)
*Experiences of seeing other help-seeking colleagues being helped in “unhelpful” ways
*Team members beliefs about their competence and help-seeking (e.g. “I should be able to do this work on my own”; “I should know what I’m doing by now”; “I can manage this on my own”; “I don’t need help from anyone”; “Asking for help from others is weak”)

!How to develop a culture of help-seeking within a team

We talked about the importance of a team having a culture that explicitly supports and encourages help-seeking between team members. Members of the team should have a sense that “This is how we do things round here; we ask for and offer each other help with our work”. 

In terms of how this might be established, we spoke of the importance of team members having conversations with each other about how they will establish help-seeking as part of their culture, in terms of how this might look within their team.

Part of the rationale for having an explicit culture of help seeking and help giving came from us reflecting that although teams usually have formal structures via which team members could seek/receive help with their work (e.g. team meetings, case discussion meetings, supervision, reflective practice groups), these tend to occur at set frequencies, rather than being available to team members when they might need them. In this sense, the help that these meetings provide (setting aside whether or not these meetings are experienced as helpful by team members) is not necessarily contingent on when a team member might be in need of help.  We reflected that the kinds of dilemmas and challenges that workers face when working with hard-to-reach young people and their families are usually ones that require a fairly quick response (whether that be helping a worker to talk through difficult feelings after a stressful visit; a family calling up because they are experiencing a crisis etc), where waiting for the next scheduled meeting would not be effective or practical. 
 
!Beliefs that support help seeking within teams

We brainstormed some of the helpful messages/beliefs that might support team members to feel ok about help-seeking and help-giving 

*It's ok to talk about being stuck
*It's ok to say that you don't know something or aren't sure what to do
*It's ok to ask for help
*It's ok to accept help
*It's ok to offer help
*It's ok to say if you're not managing
*It's ok to talk about your feelings about your work
*It's ok to ask someone about their feelings about their work
*It's ok to say if you feel you've made a mistake

!Working out ways to get help

*Teams may wish to make an agreement about how and when to use the [[Thinking Together]] framework to get help with their work
*Teams may wish to come up with a system so that someone is always available to offer help if needed (e.g. a rota or on-call system)
*Teams may wish to come up with informal systems for checking in with each other (e.g. team members enquiring how visits/meetings have been when team members return to the office)
*Teams may think about how they might use phone calls to get help from other team members (e.g. calling another team member from a session if stuck; having a conversation with a colleague on speaker phone so that the family can be part of the conversation too; calling a colleague after a stressful visit to debrief or discuss dilemmas)
*Having a designated area of the office/team base where team members can sit with a colleague if they want to discuss a dilemma (to prevent stress spreading through the team)

!Maintaining a help-seeking culture

We reflected on the importance of new team members having a “cultural induction” as part of their introduction to the team, so that they had a good understanding of the values that underpinned how the team behaved towards each other and examples of the behaviours that arose from these values (e.g. “We value help-seeking here, so you’ll notice us asking each other for help with our work, people offering to help others with their work and team members being open to accepting help from others with their work”), enabling new team members to become part of the help-seeking culture and support its continuation. 

Teams may also wish to review how they are doing with regards to maintaining a culture of help-seeking by discussing this at team meetings. Teams may wish to reflect upon times they are doing help-seeking well, as well as missed opportunities for help-seeking within the team and ways in which they might improve this. 

Consider the [[Stages of Change]] here, as well as the [[Maintaining factors for problems]].  

The [[AIM]] questionnaire also contains information about the young person's response to care.

<a class="tc-float-right">[img width="150" [bea manual.jpg]]</a>

!!!Young Person's Lead
Bea is a social entrepreneur and is lead for a youth-led project at the [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]], working with young people on a Hackney estate to understand what is important to them in terms of mental health and to co-create a system of peer support for local young people. 

You can read more about the project here: [[Pembury Project wiki manual|https://manuals.annafreud.org/ambit-pemburyproject]]

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Bearman, S.K., Ugueto, A., Alleyne, A., & Weisz, J.R. (2010). Adapting CBT for depression to fit diverse youths and contexts: Applying the deployment-focused model of treatment development and testing. In J.R. Weisz & A.E. Kazdin, (Eds.), Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents, 2nd edition, (pp. 466-481). New York: Guilford.

The Becks Depression Inventory can be found [[here|https://www.ismanet.org/doctoryourspirit/pdfs/Beck-Depression-Inventory-BDI.pdf]].

Reference:

//Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression
Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.//

!!!![[Source|https://www.pearsonclinical.co.uk/Psychology/ChildMentalHealth/ChildMentalHealth/BeckYouthInventories-SecondEditionForChildrenandAdolescents(BYI-II)/BeckYouthInventories-SecondEditionForChildrenandAdolescents(BYI-II).aspx]]



The Beck Youth Inventories for Children and Adolescents are designed for children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years.

The are 5 self-report inventories can be used separately or in combination to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger, disruptive behaviour and self-concept.

Each inventory contains 20 statements about thoughts, feelings and behaviours associated with emotional and social impairment in youth. Children and adolescents describe how frequently the statement has been true for them. The instruments measure emotional and social impairment in five specific areas:

''Beck Depression Inventory for Youth:''
In line with the depression criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders— Fourth Edition (DSM– IV), this inventory allows for early identification of symptoms of depression. It includes items related to a child's or adolescent's negative thoughts about self, life and the future, feelings of sadness and guilt and sleep disturbance.

''Beck Anxiety Inventory for Youth:''
Reflects children's and adolescents' specific worries about school performance, the future, negative reactions of others, fears including loss of control, and physiological symptoms associated with anxiety.

''Beck Anger Inventory for Youth: ''
Evaluates a child's or adolescent's thoughts of being treated unfairly by others, feelings of anger and hatred.

''Beck Disruptive Behavior Inventory for Youth:''
Identifies thoughts and behaviours associated with conduct disorder and oppositional-defiant behaviour.

''Beck Self-Concept Inventory for Youth: ''
Taps cognitions of competence, potency, and positive self-worth.

This is what an observer can //see// - things that are ''done'', rather than the thoughts, intentions, wishes, or feelings that we might use to explain //why// these particular behaviours have taken place (working out this //"why"// question is at the heart of [[Mentalization]].) For many clinicians, behavioural therapy is unattractive because it can appear to remove personal agency from the description of a person's behaviour. AMBIT prefers to describe behaviour more in terms of actions than behaviours. Action is really behaviour with the assumption of intentionality, and the assumption of intentionality is the basis of mentalisation. The trick is to maintain the discipline of functional analysis while including aspects of intentionality to develop understanding. 
!


In this way, one of the basic behavioural techniques is doing [[ABC Diary-keeping]]. This simply takes a specific situation and examines the antecedents, behaviours and consequences of a particular interaction. The value of this method is that it invites clients to go beyond general, global attributions of others (//"You are always like this..."//) to describe what they //actually// did, when. It fits extremely easily to add descriptions of internal mental states either experienced in oneself or imagined in others. 

The behavioural approach has developed methods of getting accurate descriptions of what actions have taken place in specific circumstances. The effort to get accurate and specific descriptions of who did what, who said what to whom and then what happened are paradoxically capable of being very stimulating of processes of mentalisation. What might appear to come from a very different theoretical model can be integrated into this model of practice without abandoning the useful methods which behavioural work has developed over many years.

Behavioural activation is something that every parent knows about and basically means gently encouraging a young person to increase physical and general activity. This technique is [[Cognitive Behavioural]] and is consistent with the idea that mood and feeling is influenced by both thinking and behaviours. In general, low activity levels are likely to maintain low mood states and the so increasing activity is generally beneficial for mood.
There is nothing complicated about this approach. It all depends on the usual things of timing and sensitivity.

''First step'' is to try to get ''a general idea about the young person's daily routine''. Its important to be completely non-judgemental about this and just convey interest in the young person's daily life. But it may require some gentle persistence to really get an idea about a young person's general routine such as when he/she goes to bed, gets up goes out, eats etc.

Having mapped things out, it may then be helpful to try to ''link weekly routines with mood''.. i.e. at what times in the week does the young person feel more depressed or low etc. The aim would be to try to link low activity with low mood.
 
Make a number of suggestions about ''very small changes in routine'' and see which of those would be more acceptable to the young person. Never go for big changes however enthusiastic the young person becomes and its best not to aim for 100% of days. For example, if the young person decides to try to get up before midday during the week, only encourage him/her to do this five days out of seven. Its always important to leave a space for old habits otherwise the old habits will fight back too hard. 

Having agreed a plan for the following week, ''stay interested'' when you next meet even if nothing has changed. Rarely do things move straight away. The important thing is to try to keep a balance between not being too casual about the plan and not being at all critical at things not progressing quickly. This response is a key part of the approach. Assume that persistence is part of the approach. 

Changing daily patterns is hard for young people to do on their own. ''Looking for others to help '' with such changes is also important. Parents or other carers can easily fall back into 'nagging' interactions that may not be helpful so this needs to be monitored. The important thing is for others to celebrate positive changes and not focus on negative behaviours. Others who may be helpful are youth and "Connexions" workers who are often very skilled in encouraging positive daytime activity. See [[Social-Ecological Work]]

The impact of three days training on a whole service system; has there been any and what have we learnt. 

Some options on how we could explore these questions. 

!!AMBIT Impact survey 
Monkey survey the AMBIT leads in 20 teams with a brief initial screening interview about implementation of AMBIT ideas. 

!!A Follow-up Two Day Event
Objectives: to be agreed with them but to include: 
*providing consultation on the continuing development of the model to those who would like it. 
*obtain feedback from services by carrying out a series of interviews 
*inclusion of doctoral study in this evaluation?

 

Bevington D, Fuggle P (2012) Supporting and enhancing mentalization in community outreach teams working with socially excluded youth: the AMBIT approach. In “[[Minding the Child|http://www.amazon.co.uk/Minding-Child-Mentalization-Based-Interventions-Children/dp/0415605253/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1336178888&sr=1-1]]: mentalization-based interventions with children, young people and their families.” Ed. Midgley N and Vrouva I, Routledge, 2012.

Bevington D, Fuggle P, Fonagy P, Asen E and Target M (2012) “Adolescent ~Mentalization-Based Integrative Therapy (AMBIT): A new integrated approach to working with the most hard to reach adolescents with severe complex mental health needs.” [[CAMH Journal|http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2012.00666.x/abstract]] (May 4th 2012 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2012.00666.x)

This is the "book of the wiki" so to speak.

Published by Oxford University Press, it is the most complete statement of AMBIT in a linear (as opposed to non-linear wiki) format.

The work of turning a non-linear developmental account (as this wiki is) into a coherent narrative was interesting and - we hope - fruitful.  Some of the material in this will now be updated in keeping with learning from this process.

[img[AMBIT_BookCover.jpg]]

A link to the OUP website is here: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/adaptive-mentalization-based-integrative-treatment-9780198718673?cc=be&lang=en&

!Reference:
Bevington, Fuggle, Fonagy (2015) //"Applying attachment theory to effective practice with hard-to-reach youth: the AMBIT approach."// Attachment & Human Development DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2015.1006385 (link to it [[here|http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616734.2015.1006385#preview]])
!Abstract:
Adolescent Mentalization-Based Integrative Treatment (AMBIT) is a developing approach to working with “hard-to-reach” youth burdened with multiple co-occurring morbidities. This article reviews the core features of AMBIT, exploring applications of attachment theory to understand what makes young people “hard to reach,” and provide routes toward increased security in their attachment to a worker. Using the theory of the pedagogical stance and epistemic (“pertaining to knowledge”) trust, we show how it is the therapeutic worker’s accurate mentalizing of the adolescent that creates conditions for new learning, including the establishment of alternative (more secure) internal working models of helping relationships. This justifies an individual keyworker model focused on maintaining a mentalizing stance toward the adolescent, but simultaneously emphasizing the critical need for such keyworkers to remain well connected to their wider team, avoiding activation of their own attachment behaviors. We consider the role of AMBIT in developing a shared team culture (shared experiences, shared language, shared meanings), toward creating systemic contexts supportive of such relationships. We describe how team training may enhance the team’s ability to serve as a secure base for keyworkers, and describe an innovative approach to treatment manualization, using a wiki format as one way of supporting this process.

<a class="tc-float-right">[img width="150" [billie manual.jpg]]</a>

!!!Project Officer
Billie is Project Officer for the [[AMBIT programme]] and Training and Events Lead for the [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]]. Billie should be your first port of call if you would like to make an enquiry about AMBIT training, consultation or supervision.

[[Email Billie|mailto:ambit@annafreud.org]]

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In this approach we do not distinguish between "biological" and "functional" disorders. As the brain is the organ of the mind, it is axiomatic that any mental disorder will be associated with biological dysfunction.  There is a NeuroDevelopmental context for work with children and adolescents, and a KeyWorker cannot ignore [[Physical Health matters]]

Medication ([[Pharmacological]] interventions) may be extremely helpful in containing a crisis, whatever factors have precipitated the problem or may be exacerbating it. 

This is an intervention in the [[domain|Working in multiple domains]] of biology, but it almost inevitably carries [[Systemic|SystemsTheory]] implications.

Accepted (NICE) treatment guidelines require that there should be rapid access to appropriate medication, and the general principles of the intervention are to make it as likely as possible that the recommendation of medication is taken seriously, while not excluding other modes of intervention which may be required to address the YP's problems. 

Medication can also have secondary psychological effects of reducing anxiety and thus making the family environment more secure. In particular, medication is not used to move the focus of the intervention from the family system to the YP, or to encourage the idea that the YP has something wrong with his brain which explains all the problems, an idea which makes it less likely that the family will retain a feeling of responsibility for being part of the treatment.

See the [[NICE Bipolar guidelines]]

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Any young person who is sexually active or who is using substances, and ESPECIALLY any person who is using intravenous injection as a means of taking substances, should be offered the opportunity to be screened for certain blood borne viruses that are known to be transmitted via these routes.  In particular the viruses tested for are:
*HIV
*Hepatitis B (inoculations are available for this, and should be offered)
*Hepatitis C
!Local Protocols
Screening and Inoculations will be available from specific sources in a neighbourhood - some G-U (Genitourinary) Clinics offer this; in other areas there may be arrangements with local GP practices or other specifics.  It is important for local teams to make a note of this information and contact details in their own TeamTemplate of this manual.

*[[Patient-Worker Boundaries]] - Managing appropriate, professional, ethical, safe relationships with our patients.

*CheckLists - A list of tasks/paperwork etc that an [[AMBIT]] practitioner must have.

*[[AMBIT Practice Boundaries]] - Things like minimum supervisory contact, forms of supervision, etc

*[[Interprofessional Boundaries]] - Includes links to transitional and interagency protocols, and to a [[How to speak to a...]] (doctor/nurse/teacher/policeman) section.

* [[Manualization Boundaries]] - The rules governing the team's interaction with the Manual and how FEEDBACK is incorporated into shared practice - this includes DataSecurity.

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This is a commonly used technique.

In order to shape a behavioural change it is important to minimise the likelihood of a young person experiencing failure.

Thus a target is broken down into small ''achievable'' steps... let the young person guide you about what they believe is or is not achievable.  Use [[Rating Scales]] to help structure these conversations, aim to develop a ''graded hierarchy'' of difficulty.  The key here is to find enough steps and to get into detailed discussion about which variant of a task is likley to be more or less anxiety provoking.  Moving up this ladder of steps is the process known as [[Graded Exposure]].  This sort of work follows very well from the use of [[ABC Diary-keeping]], and goes alongside relaxation work such as [[Progressive Muscle Relaxation]].
!!In substance use:
Moving from smoking 12 joints a day to abstinence may be better achieved by concentrating on smaller steps:
>//"So you smoke with your mates usually, and we have agreed that amongst your mates you have the reputation as the greediest cannabis smoker around!  What if you were to start by trying to take just one, max two, drags on the joint each time it comes around, rather than the four or five you say you take at present.  That way your mates won't be upset by you, adn you'll get to cut back a bit... how would that be?"//

>//"What if you were to cut back from 12 joints a day to 10 joints?  How difficult would you find that on a scale of 0 - 100 (0 = easy, no problem, and 100 = impossible).  Do you want to try that for the next two or three days and then let's talk about whether it was harder than you thought or easier - or about how you guessed it would be."//

!When should this occur?
Ideally before an AMBIT training is booked

!Who should give the briefing?
Senior members of the team requesting the training - or AMBIT trainers

!The Necessity for Senior Managerial Support
* There is ample evidence from [[Implementation Science]] that achieving organisational change of any form is challenging
* The adoption of evidence-based or evidence-oriented practices such as AMBIT is no different.  
* This is backed up by the experience of the AMBIT project at the [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]], which has now trained over 150 separate teams in AMBIT.  
* Those teams which have lacked significant senior management support to empower them to create new ways of working have struggled to implement much objectively new staff behaviour, regardless of how positively (individually or collectively) they have rated their impression of the [[AMBIT training]].

!Examples of low senior managerial support:
* Lack of engagement by senior managers in understanding the core features of AMBIT.
** Consider senior managers attending for part or all of the training
** See [[AMBIT: an overview]]
** Consider the ways in which AMBIT may or may not "fit" with existing service priorities and structures.
* Purchase of AMBIT training as a means of "avoiding underspend on the training budget" rather than for its perceived intrinsic value.
** Consider alternative ways to spend money
** AMBIT is not a one-size-fits-all approach but...
** It is also about empowering teams to develop clearer, more explicit ways of working, that are sensitive to the existing service eco-system, but which may also invite greater flexibility in working roles (following the //service user's needs//, rather than primarily the //institution's//.)

!Clarity about the intentions for the training
* Senior managers should be part of the discussion that helps to define a set of [[Post-training outcome goals]]
* They should sign these off, as being in keeping with the goals of the wider organisation.

This refers to the second stage of <<tag [[Active Planning: a core process with clients]]>>, in which the KeyWorker exerts effort to make EXPLICIT his or her [[Intentional stance]] to the young person.  It is a key aspect of [[Active Planning]], one of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]].

The point of making an explicit effort to broadcast our intentions is that we cannot assume that our clients' will have the kind of [[Relationship to help]] that would easily or implicitly assume that our approaches are well-intentioned.  So the AMBIT KeyWorker is encouraged to verbalise his/her intentions: //in the anxiety of the therapeutic encounter it is often hard for young people to [[Mentalize|Mentalization]] their therapist accurately.//  

This may occur in terms of their general aims of the intervention such as "being helpful" to the young person, or the specifics, such as //"to register for a college course"//... it may be self-evident to ME, as therapist, //why// I am saying and doing what I am... but the young person may have a rather different [[Relationship to help]], which may bias the way that s/he responds to my innocent cues.  My invitation to consider registering for a college course might be well-intended, but might be read my client as a move to separate her from her boyfriend, or to humiliate her mother, etc...  If those were my true intentions, then it would make sense for my client to resist them, and I am unlikely to have any influence in that sphere!

This is a key element of what is required in the process of [[Engagement]]:

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!How to broadcast our intentions:
Intention can be expressed in moment to moment interactions, for instance:
>//"My intention here is just to try to understand more accurately what you are feeling, and why."//
or
>//"What I am trying to do here is to be helpful, or at least to think of some new ideas about this familiar problem, and definitely to to avoid being unhelpful!"//
Being clear about moment to moment interactions would be adopting an explicitly intentional stance. 
>//"I may not have got things quite right yet, but these are the things that at the moment seem to me the most important ones for me to try to help you deal with... ...I would like to hear from you which bits you think I have got about right, and which bits I still need to work on so that you can recognise them more clearly..."//

!A tool to help this:
The important point is to __get to the sharing of your "first effort"__ - and to invite the young person to help you improve it.  When you are sharing your first effort, ''that'' is Broadcasting Intentions!.  

Go to [[this link|https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B5h_CVBdhJPYNkJNamFPVXhsYXM/edit?usp=sharing]] to download this in PDF format, or just use the back of an envelope!

[img[https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-loMP5VnnI1Q/URG08pJR4OI/AAAAAAAAGpY/o21-QH6rBw0/s640/ActivePlanningSheet.jpg]]
[img[https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-EXERk6bOad4/URG07sRVqzI/AAAAAAAAGpc/W6cVjCoCoHA/s640/ActivePlanningSheet_DEMO.jpg]]

!Theory - why do this?
* See one of the [[Videos]] - at [[Active Planning]] for a description of this.
* Making intentions explicit addresses the likelihood that the young person who is help-seeking may well //also// anticipate mixed, even hostile or manipulative intentions in the helper (see [[Relationship to help]] for more exploration of this.)
* This also relates to the notion of [[Marked mirroring]] in which the carer's "marking" (accurate mentalizing of the predicament of this moment) opens the young person's mind to accept the communication that follows as being //interesting// or //important//.
** For those interested in the technical theory behind this, it is a good example of what is referred to as [[Ostensive communication]] - see work by Gyorgy Gergely in [[Academic references]].
* The broadcasting of our intentions is also a feature of the ''tentativeness'', and ''not-knowing'' that characterise [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]]

!More examples of Broadcasting intentions:
>//“I need to get a picture in my head about the things that make you YOU, so that if you could look inside my head you might say… he’s just about got it!”//

>//“My job is to make sure that I have got a really ACCURATE idea of the sorts of things that make your life hard, or that help you get by…”//

>//“Some of the things I may ask you won’t have anything to do with you… but we find that if we don’t ask at all, often these things get left out - we miss stuff that might be important…”//

>//“I don’t know you at all well, so if I ask you anything you don’t want to talk about, will you please let me know?  I don't want to upset you at all.”//

!Broadcasting intentions... other people's takes...
See [[Tomasello et al (2005) Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural cognition]] for an interesting account of this from the stand point of evolutionary anthropology.

Also, after writing about broadcasting intentions, we discovered a commercial site that, building on an I.T. Masters study, uses the idea of broadcasting intentions in a slightly different way but one which overlaps with our own ideas; that //this is about increasing the ''"hit rate"'' of effective communications//... 

Von Kaufman's work doesn't really address the fact that in AMBIT we are particularly concerned with the idea that the OTHER PERSON (ie our client) may be having //particular difficulty in mentalizing ''us''// (the worker) accurately, but we put it here because it is quite interesting (the academic paper supporting this is quoted and linked to below):

<html><iframe src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/3992189" width="500" height="281" frameborder="0" webkitAllowFullScreen mozallowfullscreen allowFullScreen></iframe></html>

The academic thesis supporting this work is here: [[Intention Broadcasting. Proceedings of I-KNOW ’09 and I-SEMANTICS ’09 - Von Kaufman, Richard (2009)]]

Video on the [[Community of Practice]] that AMBIT emphasises as part of [[LEARNING at work]].

Part 1
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Part 2
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This is all in keeping with one of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]], which is [[Scaffolding existing relationships]], though as a young person moves towards moving on, there may be a requirement to build new relationships as well.

!Scaffolding the Informal network
A [[MAINTENANCE PHASE]] allows for increasing focus on [[Social-Ecological Work]] - this is focused on establishing ''meaningful activity'' and ''social bonds'' that add to the "[[Social Capital]]" that an individual can access.

In addition, continued work towards [[Scaffolding existing relationships]] (one of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]]), invites the young person to continue the work of building their own equivalent of the [["team around the worker"|KeyWorker]] - perhaps inviting them to consider this as a form of [[Self-efficacy]], as they increasingly take on the role of a KeyWorker in relation to their own responsibilities for their self.  In doing so, they may be encouraged to recognise the need to develop and mainain an active 'back-up' team that can offer accessible support for times when their own capacity for [[Mentalization]] is diminished.  Although there may be a continuing role for professionals to play a part in that team, [[FamilyWork]] and [[Social-Ecological Work]] may help to widen the membership of such a network.

By this stage we would expect that their AMBIT KeyWorker will have already demonstrated quite explicitly the kind of appropriate help-seeking behaviour that is promoted, modelling the principle of a [[Keyworker well connected to wider team]] in the way that they have used [[Thinking Together]] with other team members, etc.

Equally, by engaging a client in voluntary services, or local clubs and groups, this may help that same individual to add to the Social Capital of their neighbourhood - itself a "virtuous circle" in terms of the positive impact such giving has on the self esteem of the giver.

!Scaffolding the Professional network
Particularly as the young person heads towards the [[ENDING PHASE]] and discharge, it is critical to: 
* Define who will be in the young person's network going forwards.
* Check for, and if necessary address, any [[Dis-integration]] between parts of the network, using a [[Dis-integration grid]] if required.
* Use the appropriate paperwork (for instance CAF [Common Assessment Framework], Child in Need or Safeguarding, or CPA [Care Programme Approach] forms) to ensure that a agencies are aware of each other and who does what.
* Arrange a [[Multi-agency meeting]] to bring key players together.

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Cambridgeshire Child and Adolescent Substance Use Service

CASUS is an AMBIT service commissioned to provide Substance Use services for youth in Cambridgeshire, with a website [[here|http://www.casus.cpft.NHS.uk]]

Cognitive Behavioural therapy (CBT) provides an explanatory model, based on SocialCognitiveTheory and [[Developmental Considerations]], and this model underpins a series of quite simple ''therapeutic techniques'' that are aimed at improving psychological functioning.  

The model evolved from Behaviour Therapy and emphasises the triangular way in which an individual's [[Behaviour]] is influenced by patterns of [[Thinking]] (including your [[Implicit Core Beliefs]] about your self ([[Self-efficacy]]), the world, the future) and [[Feeling]].  
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There are many different techniques under the tab ''CBT techniques'' ([[CBT techniques]]) in the manual; note that many of these have been derived from work with adults and some therefore require adaptation for use with young people.  See [[Cognitive Behavioural work - CheckLists]] for a checklist to help structure your intervention.

This stands for [[Cognitive Behavioural]] Therapy, and is one of the most well-researched and well-evidenced approaches to helping people change.

There is a lot of information about CBT at [[Cognitive Behavioural]], which is one of the many [[Specific interventions]] included in this treatment manual.

!!CBT involves the use of a wide range or techniques
The key ones are listed below, in an approximate "running order", although this is something that must remain flexible and adaptive to the needs of the client:
*[[PsychoEducation]] - key early stage of CBT, orienting the client to the reasons behind the work they will be doing.
*[[Rating Scales]] - useful to include early on - changes in ratings are evidence for the client and therapist as "Co-experimenters"...
*[[Progressive Muscle Relaxation]] - a useful early engagement tool, allowing experimentation with [[Rating Scales]] and preparation for more challenging aspects of therapy.
*[[Re-breathing]] - a more physiologically-directed relaxation techniques for panics with hyperventilation.
*[[ABC Diary-keeping]] - useful in the assessment phase, helping to guide the keyworker in...
*[[Breaking down tasks into steps]] - useful at the planning stage in developing
*[[Graded Exposure]] programmes and other forms of...
*[[Behavioural activation]] - treatment by changing behaviours, that in themselves change mood and thinking...
* [[Thought Blocking]] addresses ways of taking more control of what thoughts to "run" and what thoughts to discard - useful if there are [[Obsessions|Obsessional compulsive disorder]] that are distressing or destabilising for the young person.
*[[Contingencies]] - refers to developing programmes that change the way in which a young person's surroundings may or may not offer [[Reinforcement]] to 'positive' (desired) behaviours and help to extinguish 'negative' ones.
*[[Problem solving]] - a structured and collaborative approach to solving problems.
*[[Weighing Pros and Cons]] - also known as a decisional balance - part of [[Problem solving]].
*[[Life practice]] - is the transporting of these techniques into real life situations
*[[Training Challenge]] - or "homework"...

!Special applications of CBT:

!!!1. Substance Use Disorders

[[CognitiveBehavioural for SUD-Rx]] - this is one of four key techniques of intervention deployed with substance use disorders (SUD).  See [[Substance use disorder - treatment]] and [[SUD-Rx Techniques]]

!!!2. Trauma

[[Trauma-focussed CBT]] is the most evidence-based approach and is recommended in the [[NICE Guidelines for PTSD]].

!!!3. Coping with Stress

[[The Coping With Stress Course - Gregory Clarke]] is an evidence-based [[CBT]]-based course, for which all the treatment manuals are freely available online.

!Clinical Global Assessment Scale
Use intermediary levels (e.g., 35, 58, 62).  Rate actual functioning regardless of treatment or prognosis.  The examples of behaviour provided are only illustrative and are not required for a particular rating.
!Record scores at...
[[Outcome measures (T1, initial)]] after inital assessment
[[Outcome measures (T2, 3 months)]]
[[Outcome measures (T3, treatment close)]] after end of treatment.
!100 - 91	
Superior functioning in all areas (at home, at school, and with peers); involved in a wide range of activities and has many interests (e.g., hobbies or participates in extra-curricular activities or belongs to an organised group, such as scouts, etc.); likeable, confident; "everyday" worries never get out of hand; doing well in school; no symptoms.
!90 - 81	
Good functioning in all areas, secure in family, school and with peers; there may be transient difficulties and everyday worries that occasionally get out of hand (e.g. mild anxiety associated with an important exam, occasional "blow-ups" with siblings, parents or peers).
!80 - 71
No more than slight impairment in functioning at home, at school, or with peers; some disturbance of behaviour or emotional distress may be present in response to life stresses (e.g. parental separations, deaths, birth of a sibling) but these are brief and interference with functioning is transient; such children are only minimally disturbing to others and are not considered deviant by those who know them.
!70 - 61
Some difficulty in single area but generally functioning pretty well (e.g. sporadic or isolated antisocial acts, such as occasionally playing hooky or petty theft: consistent minor difficulties with school work; mood changes of brief duration; fears and anxieties which do not lead to gross avoidance behaviour, self-doubts); has some meaningful interpersonal relationships; most people who do not know the child well would not consider him/her deviant but those who do not him/her well might express concern.
!60 - 51
Variable functioning with sporadic difficulties or symptoms in several but not all social areas; disturbance would be apparent to those who encounter the child in a dysfunctional setting or time but not to those who see the child in other settings.
!50 - 41
Moderate degree of interference in functioning in most social areas or severe impairment or functioning in one area, such as might result from, for example, suicidal preoccupations and ruminations, school refusal and other forms of anxiety, obsessive rituals, major conversion symptoms, frequent anxiety attacks, poor or inappropriate social skills, frequent episodes of aggressive or other anti-social behaviour with some preservation of meaningful social relations.
!40 - 31
Major impairment in functioning in several areas and unable to function in one of these areas, is, disturbed at home, at school, with peers, or in society at large, e.g. persistent aggression without clear instigation; markedly withdrawn and isolated behaviour due to either mood or thought disturbance, suicidal attempts with clear lethal intent; such children are likely to require special schooling and/or hospitalisation or withdrawal from school (but this is not a sufficient criterion for inclusion in this category).
!30 - 21
Unable to function in almost all areas e.g. stays at home, in ward, or in bed all day without taking part in social activities or severe impairment in reality testing or serious impairment in communication (e.g. sometimes incoherent or inappropriate).
!20 - 11
Needs considerable supervision to prevent hurting others and self (e.g. frequently violent, repeated suicide attempts) or to maintain personal hygiene or gross impairment in all forms of communication, e.g. severe abnormalities in verbal and gestural communication, marked social aloofness, stupor, etc.
!10 - 1
Needs constant supervision (24 hour care) due to severely aggressive or self-destructive behaviour or gross impairment in reality testing, communication, cognition, affect or personal hygiene.
!Record scores at...
[[Outcome measures (T1, initial)]] after inital assessment
[[Outcome measures (T2, 3 months)]]
[[Outcome measures (T3, treatment close)]].

*The  IMPROVEMENT scale for the [[Clinical Global Impression (CGI)]]
*To be done at treatment close (part of the [[Outcome measures (T3, treatment close)]])
!~CGI-I
The ~CGI-I is a seven point scale of the amount of improvement during or at the end of treatment. 
''@@color(red):1=Very much improved
2=Much improved
3=Mildly improved 
4=No improvement
5=Mildly worse
6=Moderately worse
7=Very much worse@@''

*The SEVERITY scale for the [[Clinical Global Impression (CGI)]]:
*To be done at:
** ''TREATMENT START'' ([[Outcome measures (T1, initial)]])
** ''3 MONTHS'' ([[Outcome measures (T2, 3 months)]])
**''TREATMENT CLOSE'' ([[Outcome measures (T3, treatment close)]]
!~CGI-S
The ~CGI-S is a seven point scale of the severity of the clinical problem;
''@@color(red):1=Normal 
2=Close to normal
3=Mild
4=Moderate
5=Quite severe
6=Severe
7=Very severe@@''

!!Recapping AMBIT training
<<tag [[CLIENT exercises from AMBIT training]]>>

This page gathers key exercises/learning you will have done in your [[AMBIT training]] that relate to the quadrant of the [[AMBIT Wheel]] described as:

<<tag [[Working with your CLIENT]]>>

Note, there is plenty more to AMBIT than what is covered in your training, so feel free to browse further!

Centre for Social Justice, Youth Justice Working Group (2012) //Rules of Engagement: Changing the heart of youth justice// see page 101. (web-based pdf [[here|http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/UserStorage/pdf/Pdf%20reports/CSJ_Youth_Justice_Full_Report.pdf]])

See the CLARHC's website [[here|http://www.clahrc-cp.nihr.ac.uk/]], or embedded below:

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----
!!''Answer... Yes!''
There is a debate to be had about whether there is any such thing as "//doing AMBIT//".  

AMBIT is designed to be: 

''__A systematic way for local teams to develop their own "Treatment as Usual":__'' //Treating "Usual Care" with care//, as it were, that is integrated through a core theory, [[Mentalization]], (that has evidence in its support in a range of specialist settings), and which includes a range of already-evidence-based components of practice...The current applications of AMBIT are many, and varied, with local teams drawing on different elements of AMBIT and adapting them to suit their local needs.

Hence the AMBIT project authors prefer to speak of [[AMBIT-influenced]] teams, rather than "AMBIT teams".  We suspect that, barring a few exceptions where very robust measures are in place to ensure very high fidelity to a very closely defined model of practice, most teams delivering care to hard to reach young people deliver a practice that is //influenced// by a wide range of practices, some of which is more or less evidenced.  AMBIT seeks to move such practices from ''implicit'' to ''explicit'', and to stimulate [[Mentalization]] in teams to support thinking about and learning from questions such as 

//"Why do we work in ''that'' way with ''those'' kinds of problems? Under what circumstances might we work in ''this'' way?"// 

In other words, AMBIT places particular emphasis on supporting local teams to adopt the practices of a [[Learning organization|Developing learning organisations]] - in keeping with the AMBIT principle of [[Respect local practice and expertise]].

!!''Yes, but...''
#Evidence does exist to suggest that ''manualized'' practices get better results for their clients than ''eclectic'' approaches, that leave method and practices to chance.
# It is hard for teams to learn from their day to day experiences, and to hold on to, or develop, a strong sense of team identity if there is staff turnover and a high workload.  Recording our learning as a team in a systematic way is worth doing.
# There is sense in terms of the theory of [[Mentalization]] in taking a stance of being boldly "open source" in one's approach to [[Broadcasting Intentions]].
# The AMBIT project is currently gathering evidence about whether teams that do actively engage in [[Manualization]] demonstrate better outcomes than those that don't (because not all the teams that we train do actively engage with their wiki manuals).  
* We do not yet have robust evidence to answer this question.  
* However, our //hypothesis// is that manualizing has a positive impact on team functioning and outcomes.  
* Of course it may be that already well-functioning effective teams are the ones that have greater scope and motivation to manualize their work...  
* In that case, though, it might benefit other teams to examine what practices it is that they are manualizing!

See the ~MAC-UK website at http://www.cannabiseffects.org/ and their AMBIT manual at @ambit-mac

>//"Check out this animated video of lyrics and music written by three members of music and change about their personal experience of cannabis."//

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!In the UK Cannabis is a Class B drug
The government reclassified cannabis from Class C to Class B in January 2009. The decision was part of the drug strategy: //"Drugs: protecting families and communities"//  This information is adapted from government information availabel onthe web.
!!Why Class B?
Classing cannabis in Class B reflects the fact that skunk, a much stronger version of the drug, now dominates in the UK. Skunk has swept many less potent forms of cannabis off the market, and now accounts for more than 80% of cannabis available on our streets, compared to just 30% in 2002.
!!The classification of cannabis means:
* the government will robustly enforce laws on cannabis supply and possession
* police and other agencies will work to shut down cannabis farms and arrest the organised criminals who run them
* the consideration of additional aggravating sentencing factors for those caught supplying cannabis near schools 
!!Current penalties related to cannabis
!!!Penalties for supply, dealing, production and trafficking
The maximum penalty is 14 years imprisonment.
!!!Penalties for possession
The maximum penalty is five years imprisonment.
!!!Young people in possession of cannabis
A young person found to be in possession of cannabis will be arrested and taken to a police station where they can receive a reprimand, final warning or charge depending on the seriousness of the offence.

Following one reprimand, any further offence will lead to a final warning or charge. Any further offence following a warning will normally result in criminal charges. After a final warning, the young offender must be referred to a Youth Offending Team to arrange a rehabilitation programme.

!!!Adults in possession of cannabis
Anyone caught in possession of cannabis could be arrested.

Alternatively, police may:
* issue a warning (primarily for first-time offenders)
* issue a penalty notice for disorder, with an on-the-spot fine of £80

For the most appropriate of the [[Specific interventions]] in this manual, see the collection of material under: [[Substance use disorder - treatment]]

!Legal issues:

See [[Cannabis Legal issues]]
!PsychoEducation about Cannabis
See the great [[Cannabis Effects video by MAC-UK]] - a short video from the MAC-UK organisation (their AMBIT manual is at @ambit-mac) made by and for young people.

!Health concerns:

The most serious health concerns are:
*Increased risk of [[Psychosis]], especially in young people who have pre-existing vulnerability, i.e:
**A past history of a psychotic episode
**"Prodromal" symptoms
***Suspiciousness
***Paranoia, misinterpretations, occasional hallucinations
***Withdrawal, other 'odd' behaviours or experiences.
**A family history of psychosis
*[[Anxiety]], [[Panic Attacks]], and [[Depression]]
*Irritability, relating to paranoia, or poor Affect Regulation (when Cannabis is used as a means of avoiding the processing of emotions.)
*Dependency - for instance:
**Needing more cannabis to get the same effects
**Craving it when it is not available
**It becomes increasingly central in the young person's concerns/interests - other interests are dropped in its favour.
*Developmental and Educational failure
**Spending large proportions of ones youth intoxicated means there is less time or capacity to practice developing:
***Basic SocialSkills, 
***[[Affect Regulation]]
***Scholastic skills and academic qualifications (which is itself linked to poorer long term health outcomes)
*Long term risks of Cancer
**From the Tobacco it is usually smoked with
**Direct from the oily cannabis resin
*Helath risks from ADDITIVES
**Cannabis is not uncommonly "cut" with other substances that add weight to it, or give it the appearance of being more resinous than it really is - one substance used for this is GROUND GLASS - which adds weight to the cannabis leaves, and gives them a faintly glittery appearance that can look like cannabis resin.  When smoked the ground glass can be inhaled and lodge in the lung, with potential to cause inflammatory diseases rather similar to the ones that miners can develop (silicosis) or to be a focus for infection (pneumonia, etc).
*Addiction to OTHER drugs
**There is some evidence to suggest that Cannabis can act as a "gateway drug" - introducing the user to dealers and users who will in turn introduce them to harder drugs.  
**Alcohol and Nicotine are at least as potent as "gateway drugs" in this respect, BUT there is a risk that cannabis may be "cut" with other drugs (ampthetamines, crack cocaine, mephedrone, etc) as "loss-leaders" - so that the user comes back for more and learns about the magic "ingredient X".
!What to do?
See [[Substance use disorder - treatment]]

This is a heading mainly used if you are using the [[ICR]] function of the TiddlyManual - look in the [[Show references and info]] panel to see sub-topics, collecting all the Care plans relating to a young person's treatment journey.
  
!What to cover and how to do it:

See [[How to draw up a Care Plan]] for a stepwise guide to the process.

See [[Active Planning]] for an understanding of the principles and an [[AMBIT]]-flavoured  approach to this tasks (particularly [[Active Planning and the therapeutic journey]] and [[Active Planning: a core process with clients]]).

''FORMULATION and TREATMENT AIMS:''
<<tag [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]]>>
<<newJournal label:"Record new" focus:text text:"JUST START TYPING to overwrite these instructions.  
!PRESENTING PROBLEMS

!UPSTREAM (BACKGROUND) factors

!TRIGGER factors

!MAINTAINING factors

!RESILIENCIES

!LIKELY BARRIERS to TREATMENT

!TREATMENT AIMS" title:"YYYY-0MM-0DD 0hh:0mm - Current case FORMULATION" tag:ClientNotes:Formulation>>
!
''CARE PLAN:''
<<tag [[Care Plan]]>>
<<newJournal label:"Record New" focus:text text:"JUST START TYPING to overwrite these instructions.  Refer to [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]] and the [[RiskAssessment]].

!LIKELY (CRISIS) CONTINGENCIES:

Add content here....

!PLANNED CARE/TREATMENTS:

Add content here....

." title:"YYYY-0MM-0DD 0hh:0mm:0ss - Current CARE PLAN" tag:ClientNotes:[[Care Plan]]>>

This is the curious interrogative stance adopted by the KeyWorker - part of [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]], which refers to [[The Inquisitive Stance]], a state of not-knowing that stimulates questions. 

One way of keeping hold of this state-of-being-with is to think of one's questions as being modulated by ([[Holding the Balance]] between) two conscious wishes: 

* The wish to avoid causing harm or undue distress ('''Care''')
* The wish to facilitate positive change ('''Concern''').

[[Client Case Review - Date and Agenda]]
[[Client CASE REVIEW - CheckLists]]

!Introduction:

The techniques described below have been developed to improve the quality of Case Discussion in AMBIT.  In many respects there is (in common with most of Mentalization-based practice) little that is startlingly //new// about this; rather, the theory of [[Mentalization]] offers a framework for understanding how or why such practices might be effective.

The common thread that attaches these is the fact that [[Mentalization]] is reduced/prevented in situations where there is very significant //affect// present - particularly if this emotional context triggers the [[Attachment]] system into action.  This happens when a worker is "alone" with a case, or in a team meeting (the opposite of the [[Keyworker well-connected to wider team]].)

Both techniques given below are designed to create a well-demarcated "safe zone" around an stressful situation, to allow the kind of imaginative activity (which includes Mentalizing) required for thinking out a therapeutic course of action, whilst maintaining the structure to ensure that basic safety requirements are maintained.

!Techniques/Skills in case Discussion:

[[Thinking Together]] - points at how to set up a discussion that allows the right information to be shared and then thought about... This can structure a 1:1 conversation, but also a whole team cae discussion.

[[Passed-outwards Discussion]] or [[POD|Passed-outwards Discussion]] - the Keyworker arranges for information that s/he has passed down to a colleague to be 'passed down' again in his/her presence.

<<tag SessionPlans>>
@@<<newJournal label:"Make a new SESSION PLAN" focus:text text:"JUST START TYPING to overwrite these instructions. Note your PLAN for the NEXT session here.

 - What will your focus be?
 - What intervention or techniques will you be applying?
 - What would be a good outcome for the session?

This note is already tagged with SessionPlans." title:"YYYY-MM-DD - Next Appointment Plan" tag:SessionPlans>>@@
<<tag ToDo>>
@@<<newJournal label:"Make a To Do note" focus:title text:"Type your task in the title.
Task details...


[_] Checking this box will clear the 'ToDo' tag and replace it with 'done'" title:"To Do task here" tag:ToDo>>@@
<<tag RiskAssessment>>
<<tag PrescribedMedication>>
<<tag [[Allergies]]>>
<<tag [[OtherWarnings]]>>
<<tag [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]]>>
<<tag [[Care Plan]]>>
''Keep updated:''
[[Client Case Review - Date and Agenda]]

!Reference:
Cecchin, G. (1987). Hypothesising, circularity and neutrality revisited: an invitation to curiosity. Family Process, 26, 405-413.
!Abstract
This essay examines the systemic guiding principles of neutrality, hypothesizing, and circularity, historically developed by the Milan Team of Selvini-Palazzoli, Boscolo, Cecchin, and Prata (12, 13). With the reorganization of these team members (see 11 for a summary of the distinctions between the work of the Selvini-Palazzoli and Prata research team and the Cecchin and Boscolo training team), different reconstructions of the original systemic principles have evolved. New understanding of the concepts of circularity, hypothesizing, and neutrality are now possible, given the systemic epistemology on which the early Milan model was based. It should be emphasized, however, that the ideas presented in this essay are most associated with the systemic work of the Cecchin and Boscolo team

!Intro
A legitimate (but we argue wrong) question is [[Isn't mentalizing just being supportive?]] This page is about offering //Challenge// alongside the //Support// that good mentalizing delivers - all while [[Holding the Balance]] between them.
!Background
Over time, individuals, couples and families all develop their own way of seeing things, or of constructing their own "scripts".  

In a sense, these are examples of a [[Pretend mode]] style of thinking - where the obvious ("Elephant in the room") is (perhaps temporarily, perhaps over years) overlooked... to allow a "make-believe" situation to continue.  Now, whereas in childhood this often makes good sense (much good learning about social roles, etc, is achieved through playful exploration), in other situations (if unbalanced) the pretend mode can prevent any meaningful change from happening.

In therapeutic encounters, there are more than likely issues that, whilst it is understandable that they are avoided, really //need to be looked at, thought about, and acted upon// in order to change things for the better. Ultimately, the worker in these situations needs to find a way for material to be introduced //in a way that allows the possibility of change to arise.//  

This gets to the heart of what we refer to as [[Holding the Balance]] in the [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]] - here ''the balance is between CHALLENGE on the one hand, and SUPPORT on the other'':

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!How to challenge:
Fixed belief systems and/or behaviours can (indeed must, ultimately) be challenged by the keyworker, so as to facilitate the emergence of new viewpoints or interactions. Generally the keyworker will proceed in the following way (this is really a restatement of what we call the "[[Mentalizing Loop]]":

!!!Noticing
The KW punctuates a particular sequence of the family or individual's interaction/process in the session 
>"I notice that X happens..."
This is a version of the [[Therapist's use of Self]] - deliberately referring MY experience, without assuming that my perspective is the "right" viewpoint, but nonetheless, highlighting it as something that is new and un-contestable (if this is //my// experience, then this is what it is! - whether or not it is 'accurate', or 'equivalent' to the experiences of others.)

!!!Checking
The keyworker then questions his perception 
>//"I am not sure that you would see it the same way...perhaps I am wrong to see it that way?..."//

!!!Correcting
The keyworker takes the young person's or family's feedback into account and might then asks (each/that) person how //they// see that particular interaction
>//"What do you make of this...how do you see it?"//

!!!Naming
Once different family members have themselves identified a particular interactional sequence and given their own "frame" to it, the KW will use a variety of different challenging techniques:

!(a) Unbalancing
A technique used to deliberately disequilibrate the family organization, by temporarily joining and supporting one individual at the (apparent) "expense" of another, by enhancing her view, commiserating with her predicament etc. 
//"I notice that every time you talk your husband stops you or says things that I think may put you down. Perhaps I'm wrong. Is that the way you see it? Is that the way you want it? So, if you don't - how is it that you allow your husband to put you down all the time? What would happen if you stopped him next time that happened?" //

//"How did you get your mother to answer that question?! Do you want your mother to answer for you? Your mother seems to know you inside out- is that a good thing? Who else does she know so well? How did you get your father to do this? If your father got it wrong - how would I know? Who trained/coached your father to be so careful/diplomatic/respectful? Is he always upset about upsetting the balance? What would be the dreadful thing that could happen if s/he was less careful?"//

!(b) Intensification
This is a technique, to be used carefully, and generally only after discussion with your SupervisoryStructures, which involves "turning the heat on" - //increasing the affective component of a transaction//, by increasing the time in which two or more people are involved in such a transaction (see enactment), or frequent repetition of the same message, or by physically or emotionally altering the distance between different family members. 
//"I can see that you want to give up now...what would happen if you didn't, if you kept going, even if things become uncomfortable?"

"Do you think it might be useful to keep going -so if you think that, why don't you keep it going?"//

!(c) Testing boundaries 
This is a way of challenging each individual's and the family's perceived lack or abundance of private space, their way of allowing differentness to emerge, their ability to be close, their mutual emotional responsiveness, their way of making decisions and use of hierarchies. 

//"How is it that you allow his mother to dictate how you conduct your marriage? Is he married to his mother or to you?"//

!(d) Disrupting: 
If a family member "specializes" in monologues or prolonged episodes of depressive venting, then the KeyWorker may challenge this, initially by inviting the partner to join in: 

//"How do you respond to this?" ”What is your view on this?"//

!...(e) and Apologising
See the video above.  These challenging techniques are important, but the worker who holds [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]] will be ready to acknowledge his or her //not-knowing// about quite what the correct balance between support and challenge is for this client, here, now... and to be transparent in acknowledging if they have got this wrong.
>//"It wasn't my intention to challenge you too hard, and I'm sorry I've upset you by doing this.  What can we - __what should I?__ - learn from understanding how I came to believe that pushing you in that way was likely to be helpful?"// 

Checking is a key component of the [[Mentalizing Loop]] and one of a range of helpful [[Engagement techniques]]).

It is important to ''check'' whether the KW has understood what people are saying (e.g. "let me just check with you that I've got this right...") Thus repetition, in slightly changed language, offers confirmation of being understood, emphasises what has been said by repetition, and offers the opportunity to begin to frame the family's presentation somewhat differently (e.g. "he always deliberately tries to hurt me..." to "when it feels to you as if he is trying to hurt you deliberately ..."). Very often the change would be to add a mentalizing stance, i.e. to recognise that the behaviour of self and others is mediated by mental states.

!//Checking// is a powerful enactment 

Checking is an enactment of the [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]], modelling respectful curiosity, expressed tentatively, about mental states.  It models the 'not-knowing' that comes with a belief that our mental states are interesting, useful to understand accurately, but also //opaque to// each other.

It is also a helpful example of one of many [[Engagement techniques]] described in this manual.

!//Checking// the Links

Accurate mentalizing increases the narrative coherence of an event, and reinforces the assumption that our understanding of behaviours is improved when they are perceived as being embedded within (and to some extent contingent upon) a wider context, including repetitive historical patterns.  Linking an observed interaction, such as a momentary loss of mentalizing in a family, with previous accounts or reports of problems is an important beginning of the task to [[Generalize (and Consider Change)]].

!//Checking// as confirming the limits of our 'mind-reading'.

Checking understandings also powerfully affirms the mentalizing notion that //we do not have privileged access to the contents of each other's minds// (mentalizing is never the same as mind-reading).  It is an enactment of the [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]] which offers a //tentative// stance, that is inquisitive about other people's mental states.

!//Checking// as affirming of the value of mentalizing.

Implicit in our checking understandings and feelings is that //we affirm the importance of understanding other peoples' mental states.//  This is an enactment of the [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]] which constantly affirms the value and signficance of mentalizing.

!//Checking// at the end of the loop

By the end of a session it is important to conclude a therapeutic sequence by getting each family members to view what happened from a meta-perspective. This is, in effect [[Mentalizing the Affect]].

This helps to evaluate what may have been a new and emotionally charged experience, giving them the opportunity to reflect together about what happened and the possible consequences:

>//“What did you make of what happened? Can you talk together about what this was like for each and all of you? Are there any conclusions you can draw from this?”//

''__Child Protection or more general SAFEGUARDING concerns "trump" all others__''.  First, decide if you need to to take action (see "What to do if you are concerned" just below.)  Then, underneath that you will see more guidance and information to help you think through and plan your responses in more detail.

!If you are concerned right now:

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If there are Child Protection Concerns then you must consider making a [[Child Protection Referral]], and you will want immediate contact with your SupervisoryStructures to discuss this.

!Background

See this external link to [[Working Together to Safeguard Children|https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/00305-2010DOM-EN-v3.pdf]] - the UK government's guidance on this whole area, which particularly emphasises the need for good inter-agency practice (see [[Addressing Dis-integration]] which is one of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]]).



Child Protection relates to the notion of "[[Significant harm]]": if there is a risk of significant harm to any child (note, not just your own client/patient) then as a professional you are OBLIGATED to take action.

''__Child Protection concerns "trump" all others__''

!Before making a Child Protection Referral:

The KeyWorker will make all reasonable attempts to discuss this with senior staff in the team, //''though not if the delay that this would cause could add to the immediate risk to the child''//.

!Local protocols

There will be Local Protocols about the mechanics of how to contact the local Child Protection Team, and these should be CUT and PASTED in here (see instructions on how to [[Edit]] if you are uncertain.)

Clearly this is an area that  dominates one of the [[core AMBIT stance|Core Features of AMBIT]] elements, which is [[Managing Risk]] - often seen as the more active/interventionist/paternalistic "partner" of the other principle that [[Working with your CLIENT]] is guided by, [[Scaffolding existing relationships]].  Sometimes, in our enthusiasm to //engage// with the world and relationships that our clients live in - and to scaffold these in ways that are as ''strengths-focused'' as possible, we can find ourselves drawn unintentionally into ignoring, or decreasing the priority that should be given to the very real risks that exist.  This, we argue, is at the heart of the many dilemmas that field working practitioners negotiate constantly in their work.

!For Local Adaptation:
See [[Child Protection]] for more info on this area (which will need adaptation by local teams to reflect local practices).

This [[page|Tiddler]] is for local teams to add details of local CP/Safeguarding services, including contact details.

!Supporting Other Models of Practice
If existing Safeguarding practices are already in place it is absolutely crucial that AMBIT is not seen, or used, as a "rival model" - this would be a serious mis-use of AMBIT, and seriously non-mentalizing.  It would also directly contradict one of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]] which is the stance principle that workers must [[Respect local practice and expertise]].
!!!An example: Signs of Safety
For instance, an allied area of practice that is quite widely used in this area, and which we think AMBIT has a particularly good "fit" with, is the [[Signs of Safety]] program, which originated in Australia but has traveled internationally.  Where this program is already implemented in an area it would be entirely in keeping with AMBIT that it should seek to [[scaffold the existing relationships|Scaffolding existing relationships]] that this prior training will have established ''AND NOT TO UNDERMINE THEM!'' In this case, the material under [[Managing Risk]] would be dominated by existing [[Signs of Safety]] practice and procedures and AMBIT would seek to enrich and augment the culture that this program helps to define.

* Children or young people who are looked after away from their family of origin are known to be at significantly higher risk of substance use disorders.  
* The statutory medical assessments that the Local Authorities with responsibility for such children are obliged to arrange offer a valuable opportunity for screening.
* Without the consistency and permanency that placement in a family setting offers, efforts to develop a sensitive, well-informed, watchful and protective “eco-system” around a young person are considerably more challenging.  
** Early identification of key caring figures acknowledged in the young person’s mind is of value (ideally these may be the allocated social worker or keyworker, but they may be workers with less explicit responsibilities towards the young person, or less formal training, such as another care worker in a shared home, or a local youth worker).   
** Liaison between these figures and other experts (for instance members of the young person’s substance use service) may offer an additional ‘portal’ through whom education and therapy can be delivered; crucially, this liaison may ensure that such figures remain “on message” with more specialised work as it gets under way.

* The risk of substance use in children is greatly increased if there is a history of parental substance use.  
* Engaging the parents in their own treatment is an effective intervention for children, both in terms of prevention and treatment of the child’s own substance use.  
** Some local adult services will have facilities for family therapy, others will not.  
** Young person’s substance use services should all provide family-based interventions, and the worker may have an important role to play in ensuring or insisting that these services integrate their work around the needs of the child.  

* Safeguarding issues ([[Child Protection]]) will be central in planning care, in respect of potential parental neglect, or the emotional abuse implicit in exposing children to their own intoxication.  Early liaison with the Local Authority in this respect is advised.

* Children with complex mental health needs, who may have suffered abuse, neglect or trauma, and who may have conduct disorders, or other emerging personality disorders (particularly with difficulties in the arena of affect-regulation) are also at higher risk than the general population.  

* Risks may be associated with:
** ''Extrinsic factors'' such as the tendency to mix with other substance-using peers so as to have substances easily available to them, or:
** ''Intrinsic factors'' such as the use of substances to “treat” distressing states of mind (such as depression or anxiety), or a “sensation-seeking” temperament.  
* Identification of these risk factors in an individual, being able to reflect sensitively upon this in understandable language with that young person, and to formulate simple plans with them to address their own specific vulnerabilities, has been shown to be an effective early intervention (Conrod et al.)
* Conduct disorders have an especially high risk of co-occurrence with substance use disorders, and this should be borne in mind during assessment.  
* The treatment of affective or psychotic disorders should not be delayed if there is co-occurring substance use disorder, not least because these conditions are often reciprocally synergistic in their effects upon each other.  
* Psychological approaches should be the mainstay of most treatment plans.  
** Prescribing in such conditions is more difficult (and should normally be assessed and initiated by specialists), but is certainly not an absolute contraindication.  
** Prescribing may, in addition to any intrinsic effectiveness, offer routes to engagement in treatment for a young person whose attitude to the mental world is highly materialistic (“a pill [or other substance] for every ill”.)  
** Measures to ensure that prescribed medication is carefully tended, and is not available to be misused by the young person, usually require the presence of a responsible adult.  
** Avoiding prescribing large amounts of any medication at one time is a sensible precaution.

!ADHD 

* Children with ADHD tend to score more highly on measures of sensation-seeking, and are at higher risk of later conduct disorder and substance use disorders.  
** Large treatment studies have shown that the risk of later substance use disorders is significantly reduced by effective treatment of ADHD, and that this outweighs the putative risks associated with introducing vulnerable youth to stimulant drugs.  
** However, it should be borne in mind that the stimulant medication (mostly methylphenidate in the UK) used most commonly is still a controlled drug, and has its own “street value” so that active parental support and involvement is essential.  
** Long acting (modified release) preparations of stimulants tend to reduce the risk of misuse, and non-stimulant treatments (such as Atomoxetine) are also available. 

!Online
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18676591 - abstract
http://mentalizacion.com.ar/images/notas/Mentalization%20Ontogeny,%20Assessment,%20and%20Application%20.pdf
!Reference
Am J Psychiatry. 2008 Sep;165(9):1127-35. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07081360. Epub 2008 Aug 1.
Mentalization: ontogeny, assessment, and application in the treatment of borderline personality disorder.
Choi-Kain LW, Gunderson JG.

!Abstract
This article aims to review the development of the concept of mentalization, its applications in the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder, and the issue of its assessment. While conceptually derivative of theory of mind, Fonagy's concept of mentalization concerns more affectively and interpersonally complex understandings of oneself and others, reflecting abilities that enable an individual not only to navigate the social world effectively but also to develop an enriched, stable sense of self. The components of mentalization can be organized around self-/other-oriented, implicit/explicit, and cognitive/affective dimensions. Concepts of mindfulness, psychological mindedness, empathy, and affect consciousness are shown to partially overlap with mentalization within these three dimensions. Mentalization is assessed by the measure of reflective function, a scale to be used adjunctively on semistructured narrative interviews such as the Adult Attachment Interview. Its validity has not been fully tested, and its usage has been hampered by the time and expense it requires. Although the concept of mentalization is a useful heuristic that enables clinicians to adopt a coherent treatment approach, it may be too broad and multifaceted to be operationalized as a marker for specific forms of psychopathology such as borderline personality disorder. Research elucidating the relationship between reflective function, overlapping concepts, and features of borderline psychopathology is needed

!Identifying and Selecting the Common Elements of Evidence Based Interventions: A Distillation and Matching Model

Bruce F. Chorpita, Eric L. Daleiden, and John R.Weisz

Mental Health Services Research, Vol. 7, No. 1, March 2005 ( C 2005) DOI: 10.1007/s11020-005-1962-6

A model is proposed whereby the intervention literature can be empirically factored or distilled
to derive profiles from evidence-based approaches. The profiles can then be matched
to individual clients based on consideration of their target problems, as well as demographic
and contextual factors. Application of the model is illustrated by an analysis of the youth
treatment literature. Benefits of the model include its potential to facilitate improved understanding
of similarities and differences among treatments, to guide treatment selection and
matching to clients, to address gaps in the literature, and to point to possibilities for new
interventions based on the current research base.

<html><div align="center"><iframe src="http://www.childsteps.org/documents/ChorpitaDaledienWeiszDMM2005.pdf" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="600"></iframe></div></html>

The theory on which this technique is based is one of circular causality: there is an assumption that human behaviour can best be understood from a point of view that regards actions as both responses to other actions and the triggers for further actions. 

While it is possible to describe behaviour so as to show a ''linear connection'' between cause and effect:
>//"She is ‘mad’ because this is the only way she can show her anger towards her parents"//
...a ''circular construction'' is less likely to lead to ideas of blame, and more likely to enable families to alter their interactions and belief systems:
>//"Regardless of who ‘first’ had the problem, even if it were possible to establish that, the whole family can be seen as caught in a circular loop whereby symptomatic behaviours lead to carers’ responses, such as high levels of criticism, that in turn reinforce those same symptoms, which in turn lead to more critical responses on the carers’ part, and so on..."//
!!How to do circular interviewing:
The practice of interviewing follows a circular (or spiralling) pattern, where the feedback to the KW's question will influence and shape the KW's next question, and so on. 

This is a purposive and responsive interviewing style: ''Purposive''... because the KW is central as the primary asker of questions. Yet ''responsive'' to feedback and openings offered by the various family members. 

In this way both KW and family together can construct a new understanding of the situation. Circular interviewing involves a ''particular interest in questions of difference'', since it is through the perception of difference that we construct new information, and different perceptions of self and others become possible. 

There are a variety of questioning techniques which make it possible for KW and family to explore issues of difference and the definition of relationships, such as:

!!Comparison questions
//"Were you closer before or after he became psychotic?"//
!!Ranking questions
//Who would be most surprised if she stopped being low and withdrawn?" "...Who the second-most?" etc//
!!Triadic questions
One person is asked to comment on the relationship between the two others, e.g. //"When her father got ill, did your mother become closer to her father or more distant?"// The answer to questions such as these will stimulate further exploration, e.g. by asking another family members to comment on the answer of the first one, and then exploring differences or similarities in their perceptions of relationships and events etc. 

By participating in such an interview the family members perceive themselves through the eyes of the other; not only may they hear other people's views differently, but also their own views, expressed in this context, may look different to them. The links between this style of questioning and [[Mentalization]] are obvious.  

Thus for the KW and the family, their interest and curiosity about one another remains stimulated, and changed perceptions of actions or relationships may lead to new and different behaviours and relationships, as well as a re-examination of belief systems which had to date been held with firm conviction.
!!Hypothetical questions
A special sub-category of this style of questioning is known as hypothetical questions. These are particularly useful when individuals or couples are locked in a rigid stance of blaming about who is "at fault" or "ill" and who is not. In the face of such a stuck interactional pattern the KW can proceed via an "as-if" stance, which makes it possible to consider change in fantasy, even if it does not - yet - seem possible in reality. 
These are a particular form of hypothetical questions, where couples are invited to project current relationship patterns and problems into the future, and consider the effects of such lack of change on their future lives:

//"So if you continue to argue in this way about James coming home late for the next week, do you see anything changing? ...What about for the next couple of months?  for the next 2 years?..."//

!Aim of circular questioning
The effect of circular questioning is to invite the family's curiosity about the history, context and pattern of their unsatisfactory interactions, which includes any psychiatric disorder and associated symptoms. Just as the KW gains an understanding of how these interactions fit together to result in a relationship pattern which is stressful to the family, so the aim is to help the family members themselves see their situation differently, make new connections, and see new opportunities for change and flexibility. 

Another effect of circular interviewing is to disrupt and perturb set patterns of thinking and action, functioning as an intensive but contained challenge to the family's previously held views. Thus while overtly it may seem less challenging than some more directive techniques (see under Challenging techniques), it tends to have similar effects, namely of altering set balances in relationships by interrupting habitual patterns.

We gratefully acknowledge funding from the [[City Bridge Trust|http://www.citybridgetrust.org.uk/CBT/]], that has funded AMBIT training and evaluation in [[Kids Company|http://www.kidsco.org.uk/]], and some of the early development of this TiddlyManual.

The Case Review is an important way of keeping track of progress in working with a client. 

!Preparing for the Case Review
[_] Check the [[Client Case Review - Date and Agenda]]
>[_] Liaise with the young person and family - are there any comments/feedback/questions that need adding?
>//"Are there any questions that you need answered, or other things we should cover in that meeting - so that if we DIDN'T cover them, you might think this meeting had been a waste of your time?"//
[_] Check invitations have been sent to family members, the young person, and any relevant ProfessionalNetworkMembers.
[_] Check that a room has been booked for the meeting.
!Conducting the meeting
[_] Introductions/Welcomes
[_] Review the [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]] 
[_] Review the RiskAssessment 
[_] Review the [[Care Plan]]
[_] Review the [[AIM]]
[_] Any other business?
[_] Set a new date to meet, and record this in the next [[Client Case Review - Date and Agenda]] along with any new items to add to the agenda.
!After the meeting
[_] Circulate a record of the meeting to the:
>[_] Young person/carer
>[_] Relevant ProfessionalNetworkMembers (GP? local CAMHS? Youth Offending? Probation? etc)

!Keep a diary date booked for each young person's next review.
!Who are they for, and when should they happen?
We recommend that any young person who is seen regularly for more than one month should have a review, between one and three months after starting treatment.
!Who attends?
*The young person and family should be invited, but they may choose not to be there.
*The Keyworker must be there
*Ideally an AMBIT colleague will accompany the keyworker, specifically to help model [[Thinking Together]] in the meeting.
*Other key parts of the care network as appropriate
!Why do Reviews?
*Take a 'long distance' view of the progression of a piece of work - what is working, what is not? 
*Remind the network, especially the informal/family/social network, that the work of the team is time-limited.
*Check that what we are doing is consistent with the AMBIT approach
*Consider how a successful intervention might look:
>//"How would we know when the work we are doing together had achieved enough?"//
There may be a requirement to reduce unrealistic expectations.  Mindfulness of the //effect// that such conversation may have on a young person is absolutely key in these settings, to avoid stirring up anxiety or other reactions:
>//"They are going to abandon me..."//
>//"They want rid of me, like everyone else..."//
>//"What, you think I'll stay THAT long with you?  Think again!"//
!!Tasks and Agenda
#Introductions - does everybdoy know each other?
#Use [[Thinking Together]] to frame the meeting (start with [[Marking the Task]])
With the Young person, and any available network (family, professionals, etc), check the RiskAssessment, the [[Formulation and Treatment Aims]], and the [[Care Plan]] are still up to date and relevant:
#Record who is present and record apologies for those prevented.
#Summarise situation and progress
##Use the [[AMBIT Practice Audit Tool (APrAT)]] to assess whether we are on track in offering AMBIT.
#Current key problems (review the [[AIM]])
#Review the [[Care Plan]] - and if required make a new one via [[Make or View Client Notes]]
#Set a new date for the next review and record it above.
#Any other business.
!!Recording
Use [[Make or View Client Notes]] to record this clinical contact.

!Work in progress
This is a new development, and has not yet been field-tested.  Feedback is very welcome to the AMBIT project at the [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]].
!The Client’s Wheel: parallel processes
!!!A matched (segment-for-segment) version of the AMBIT Wheel
The client's version of the wheel is designed as a "mirror image" - to be stuck on the back of the worker's standard version of the [[AMBIT Wheel]] in order to create a double-sided wheel, in which each segment relates to a parallel process on the other side.
<<image [[ClientWheelDoubleSided]] width:480 height:600>>
<<image [[ClientWheelsingle]] width:600 height:480>>
The client’s version of the wheel simply emphasises the parallel processes that worker and client must be engaged in if help is to become helpful and sustainable.  The two wheels can be printed in ‘mirror image’ on opposite sides of a single card, so that the paired and equivalent sections form ‘two sides of the same coin’.
!Working with Help
|bgcolor(yellow):Before anything useful can occur, the client first needs to engage in a helping relationship (the __''Working with Help''__ quadrant parallels [[Working with your TEAM]] for the worker) |

|bgcolor(yellow):Where the //worker’s// stance is directed at the formation of an [[individual keyworker relationship|KeyWorker]]... |
|...in reciprocation, the //client’s// first "task" is __''Trusting Help''__.  This goes to the heart of the theory of [[Epistemic Trust]], which if established in that worker, allows [[Engagement]].|
|bgcolor(yellow):While the //worker// counteracts the risks associated with forming such intense keyworking relationships by placing equal emphasis on the requirement for a [[Keyworker well-connected to wider team]] (who help them to keep their balance in this work)...|
|...so in turn, the //client// may hope to increase the extent to which they are __''Understanding Help''__.  Being able to witness the [[helping relationships|Relationship to help]] (with colleagues) that are modelled by their keyworker offers opportunities to understand the nature of the help that is on offer: for instance, understanding that their worker is not an omnipotent lone ranger, that there are responsible layers of supervision, that receiving help - as their worker obviously and explicitly does from their team-mates - is less a sign of weakness or failure, and more one of professionalism, adulthood or mastery.|
!!Making help work
|bgcolor(lightgreen):The client's __''Making help work''__ quadrant parallels [[Working with your NETWORKS]] for the worker |

|bgcolor(lightgreen):The //worker’s// efforts to ensure that efforts towards helping are directed at [[Working in multiple domains]] (individual, family, education/employment, peers, etc) are echoed by an invitation... |
|...for the //client// to collaborate to ensure that the work is __''Covering all my needs''__: there is an emphasis on the expertise of the client here, in the sense that appropriate [[Assessment]] requires their help so that any help offered is actually helping with the things that matter. |
|bgcolor(lightgreen):As a rich multi-domain and multi-modal package of interventions is developed, almost inevitably involving other workers and other agencies, the client witnesses the efforts of their //worker// in [[Taking Responsibility for integration]] wherever they have influence in these workstreams. |
|In turn, the //client// witnesses and is ultimately invited to shares or take responsibility for the work of __''Balancing and organising help''__; managing the various forms of help that they are receiving, which will include making sense of ([[Mentalizing]]) the actions of the different players, and if necessary - helped by their worker - helping the different players to make sense of and accommodate each other’s roles. |
!!Working with myself
|bgcolor(pink):With the foundations for ‘help that is likely to be helpful’ in place, the client may now be better placed to take more responsibility for __''Working with my Self''__ (and the key relationships that sustain or undermine this), which parallels the worker's quadrant [[Working with your CLIENT]]. |

|bgcolor(pink):Here, the effort of the //worker// to identify and work on [[Scaffolding existing relationships]] to allow for repair (starting with the client’s relationship to their own self, extending to family or carers, key friends and other workers) invites... |
|...the //client// to consider in parallel what are the __''Relationships that matter''__ for them, and the kinds of work that repair and strengthening these might require. |
|bgcolor(pink):As they engage in that work, the //worker’s// counterbalancing focus on [[Managing Risk]] - sometimes involving more active interventions, aside from simply averting disasters, evokes a similar focus in... |
|...the //client// who is invited to reflect on what is required to assure __''Basic Safety''__ in their life, recognising perhaps that once basic safety is assured, more creative thinking an energy can be directed towards questions of improving quality.|
!!Learning what works
|bgcolor(lightblue):There is a more future-facing focus in the bottom quadrant for the client, whose __''Learning what Works''__ parallels [[LEARNING at work]] for the worker and their team.  Here, the task is to begin to distil not just the lessons of what has helped and why, but also the //‘how’// of learning itself - that fine balance between learning from one's own experience and learning from other evidence. |

|bgcolor(lightblue):Where the //worker// must [[Respect local practice and expertise]]... |
|...the //client// is invited to [[reflect on|Mentalization]] what it means to be __''Learning from my experience''__ (many clients may swing between over-reliance on their instincts and under-confidence in their ability to really learn at all.) |
|bgcolor(lightblue):Where the //worker// must counterbalance respect for local practice and expertise with [[Respect for Evidence]]... |
|...so the //client// is invited to reflect on how they might be experiencing the benefits of __''Learning from Others''__. If worker and client have been successful in building sufficient [[trust|Epistemic Trust]] in their [[helping relationship|Relationship to help]] then the worker might become (helpfully) positioned as part of the “other evidence” that a client comes to incorporate in their thinking and decision-making and there may be grounds for hope that a more lasting shift in the client’s [[Relationship to help]] might begin to take effect. |


|bgcolor(lightgray):Whether a version of this ‘client’s wheel’ on the back of the standard AMBIT wheel will provide a helpful PsychoEducation field tool for workers struggling to help their clients make sense of the work remains to be seen.  //If any workers are using a double-sided version of the wheel in the field to help provide a means of explaining the overarching model or framework for what they are trying to achieve//, the [[AMBIT project]] at the [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]] would be keen to hear feedback! |

This Tag collects all the client's notes together in one place - you can sort this material in differnt ways (i.e. by date, alphabetically, byt other tags, etc) by clicking on the options just above the item headings, below.  

It may be easier to find specific material by looking in [[Make or View Client Notes]] which allows you to look through specific //sections// (History, Risk Assessment, etc), or to use the [[Search]] facility.

!What is the CGI?
The Clinical Global Impression (CGI) measure was initially devised  in 1976  (Guy, 1976)  and has been extensively used to assess the clinical outcomes for both adults and children.  It has been particularly well used in pharmacological studies. 

The major advantage of this measure is its face validity and extreme simplicity. The measure consists of two scales which are rated by the treating clinician.
!CGI-S - Severity: at //Treatment Start//, at //3 months//, and at //Treatment End//
The ~CGI-S is a seven point scale of the severity of the clinical problem;
''@@color(red):1=Normal 
2=Close to normal
3=Mild
4=Moderate
5=Quite severe
6=Severe
7=Very severe@@''
!CGI-I - Improvement: at //Treatment Close//
The ~CGI-I is a seven point scale of the amount of improvement during or at the end of treatment. 
''@@color(red):1=Very much improved
2=Much improved
3=Mildly improved 
4=No improvement
5=Mildly worse
6=Moderately worse
7=Very much worse@@''
!Psychometric properties of the CGI
The CGI is used in a huge number of studies, mainly drug trials. However, it is also used in treatment evaluation in adult and child psychiatry. The validity of the CGI was recently evaluated by on an adult series of 786 psychiatric in-patient admissions (patients aged from 16-91 years) for which the CGI was compared with HONOS, the MHQ and ~DASS-21 (Berk et al., 2008). The MHQ and the DASS are patient rated measures. The CGI-I correlated 0.71 with measures of change from these other standardised instruments.  However, the limitations of such a simple scale have also been recognised (Beneke & Rasmus, 1992).

The CGI has been used in recent child mental health outcome studies on OCD (Coskun & Zoroglu, 2009), Depression (March, Entusah, Rynn, Albano, & Tourian, 2007), Anxiety (March et al., 2007)and ADHD (Schachar et al., 2008). These studies range from pre-school children through to adolescents. 
!Use of CGI in AMBIT
For AMBIT, it is suggested that the ~CGI-S could be rated by clinicians at the beginning of treatment, at three months and then at discharge. The ~CGI-I could be rated at discharge.  
!References:
Beneke, M. & Rasmus, W. (1992). //"Clinical Global Impressions" (ECDEU): Some critical comments.// Pharmacopsychiatry, 171-176.

Berk, M., Ng, F., Dodd, S., Callaly, T., Campbell, S., Bernardo, M. et al. (2008). //The validity of the CGI severity and improvement scales as measures of clinical effectiveness suitable for routine clinical use.// Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 979-983.

Coskun, M. & Zoroglu, S. (2009). //Efficacy and safety of fluoxetine in preschool children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.// Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 297-300.

Guy, W. (1976). //ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmocology - Revised.// U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration, NIMH.

March, J. S., Entusah, A. R., Rynn, M., Albano, A. M., & Tourian, K. A. (2007). //A randomized controlled trial of venlafaxine ER versus placebo in pediatric social anxiety disorder.// Biological Psychiatry, 1149-1154.

Schachar, R., Ickowicz, A., Crosbie, J., Donnelly, G. A. E., Reiz, J. L., Miceli, P. C. et al. (2008). //Cognitive and behavioral effects of multilayer-release methylphenidate in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.// Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 11-24.

These are your basic record of contact and activity with a young person or their network - effectively an 'audit trail' of your thinking and actions with a client.

!Definition of a Clinical Theme:
A Clinical Theme is anything that occurs to either the young person, a family member, or the KeyWorker ''__that appears to represent a meaningful pattern or 'thread' running through the system centred around the young person__''.  

It may be a vulnerability factor, a specific problem that is active in more than one place in the network, or a particular strength or opportunity for an intervention.

For instance, a family may have a rich involvement in preparing and enjoying //food//, shared betwen several generations; this could be both a strength (a shared language, and shared interest), a vulnerability (the context for a son with an eating disorder, for instance) or the opportunity for an intervention (helping to prepare food for the family group) but above all it would be an important piece of information to complete an understanding of the functioning of any individual within that system... 
>//Something you would need to know about the X family is that they nearly all ..."//

!Application:
This might relate to a situation where the child was not thought about properly, but could not elicit a response from the parents that would have focused them to see the child’s feelings and thoughts as these were at the time.
!Activity:
The therapist suggests some ways of responding that the child may not have thought of during the moment. For example, the therapist might say:
"When your mom was talking about your room being messy, I saw you start to get upset. I wonder what might have happened if instead you…"
!Purpose: 
The purpose is not to correct the experience but to encourage flexibility in the child’s behaviour repertoire in relation to this type of experience. This activity can also be used with parents in the absence of the child.

This refers to thoughts or beliefs (as opposed to feelings, or "[[Affect]]", or Behaviours.

<<tabs "[[CB-Principles]] [[Cognitive Behavioural work - CheckLists]] [[CBT techniques]] [[CBT-Special Circumstances]]" "SampleTabOne" "$:/state/tab1">>

[[Cognitive Behavioural]] work is one of the specific interventions that are included within the integrated AMBIT model. 

!Flexibility and Clinical Judgement
The detailed structure and contents of sessions is offered here as a guide; recommendations contained here should never be allowed to replace clinical acumen.  The basic tasks for specific sessions should be covered as directed, but the therapist must feel able to move flexibly between different techniques and interventions //according to clinical need// - so that the detailed suggestions and examples set an overall ethos and 'style'  rather than offering a mechanical and step by step manualization, sacrificing the flexibility required to maintain [[Engagement]].

#[_] Before starting: read through [[Getting started with CBT]]
#[_] Session 1 
##[_] Assessment - this may supplement the [[Multi-Domain Assessment]] and focusses on the triadic relationship between [[Thinking]], [[Feeling]] and [[Behaviour]] (see [[CB-Principles]]).
##[_] Setting specific goals for the CBT focussed sessions.
##[_] [[PsychoEducation]] around the specific need to be addressed
#[_] Session 2: Collaborative formulation (linking thoughts, feelings and behaviour) and Planning of the therapy
#[_] Session 3: [[Problem solving]]
#[_] Session 4 - Final (total number of sessions varies): [[Life practice]]
#[_] Session Final: [[Reviewing change]]

The main theoretical basis of these approaches is in SocialCognitiveTheory.

Strongly held beliefs about Cannabis (//"It is harmless"// or //"Without it I am much more aggressive"//, etc) may take the form of [[Implicit Core Beliefs]] and threaten a young person's motivation or the application of planned change behaviours.

The [[Cognitive Behavioural]] approach is similar to [[Motivational Work]] in that direct confrontation is avoided ([[Roll with Resistance]]), but there is slightly more room for gentle challenge.

In keeping with the Cognitive therapist stance (see [[CognitiveBehavioural for SUD-Rx]]) the approach towards a particular cognition is:
!!Identify the cognitions:
Via a joint exploration of the young person's [[Thinking]] the client and therapist seek to uncover the [[Implicit Core Beliefs]] that underpin a young person's thinking and influence [[Feeling]] and [[Behaviour]].
!!Externalise the problem:
Consider a specific cognition (for instance //"Without drugs I am totally unlovable."//) as ''separate from the thinker''.  Note this is dirently related to the ideas about [[Psychic equivalence]] from [[Mentalization]]-based approaches:  
*//"What would an observer from a distance see as the effect on you when this particular thought comes into your mind?"//  
*//"Would it seem to make it more or less likely that you would use cannabis in the hours after it had been in your mind?"//
!!Design experiments to test these (dysfunctional) ideas:
*//"How could we design a test to see if this thought is true all of the time, only some of the time, or none of the time?"//
*//"'TOTALLY' is a strong word - I mean if just one person still found you lovable then that wouldn't be TOTALLY, would it?"// 
*//"Who might we ask, or what do we think the people closest to you would say, if we did ask them whether you are 'totally unlovable'?"//
!![[Weighing Pros and Cons]] 
This is another version of a Cognitive approach to the notion that //"I don't want to change my cannabis habit."//

This tag collects particular cognitive behavioural techniques that are specifically useful in working with SubstanceUseDisorder such as Cannabis.  You might also want to read about [[Cognitive Behavioural therapy|Cognitive Behavioural]] in general.

!The Cognitive Behavioural Therapist's Stance: a SHARED exploration

Cognitive Behavioural therapists attempt to work alongside clients, fostering a sense that they and the client are ''co-workers'' approaching the problem, rather like scientists inquiring into an area of research together; each brings areas of special expertise.

!Keeping engagement

The Practitioner has expertise in techniques, and from her previous experience in work with other clients.  The young person has expertise about him or herself  - it is helpful to stress this (//"You are the world expert on being you - more than I could ever hope to be!"//) as one of a range of other [[Engagement techniques]]. (See also [[Experts By Experience]].)  

This is an ''externalisation of the problem/challenge'' - which helps the young person to avoid feeling stigmatised ([[Engagement]]).  The challenge is for both practitioner and client to develop an understanding of the ''mechanism'' by which the problem arises: (//"Which thoughts/beliefs, and which feelings, tend to drive the use of Cannabis/other harmful behaviours?"//)  Then, their task is to develop rational approaches to //modifying// those causative factors that have been identified.  Cognitive Behavioural approaches are, in the best sense of the phrase, codified common sense. 
!What techiques are there
See the related (tagged) content for a list of CBT techniques

Computers & Education 52 (2009) 141–146
!Abstract
This paper reports on a failed experiment to use Wiki technology to support student engagement with
the subject matter of a third year undergraduate module. Using qualitative data, the findings reveal that
in an educational context, social technologies such as Wiki’s, are perceived differently compared with
ordinary personal use and this discourages student adoption. A series of insights are then offered which
help HE teachers understand the pitfalls of integrating social technologies in educational contexts.

!A brief summary of the paper, and its relevance to AMBIT

This was an interesting paper that looked at a failed attempt to use a wiki with a student group to support their learning - and has some lessons that the use of a wiki format (as in [[TiddlyManual]]s) has relevance to AMBIT.

!!!Reflection No. 1 
This suggests that it is not enough to build a wiki and expect people to use it - you have to work hard to HELP them use this new technology.  We hope that in [[Using the Manual]] we have addressed this!

!!!Reflection No. 2:  
It is necessary that a "course" that uses wikis to support it is specifically designed "from the bottom up" with the Wiki in mind, rather than the wiki being a sort of "add on" to an existing course/curriculum.  It should be immediately apparent to participants what the educational benefits are to them from using the wiki.  AMBIT has had wiki-[[Manualization]] as one of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]] from the beginning!

!!!Reflection No. 3: 
The idea that use of a wiki is "fun" and might thus encourage use (akin to how people take up using, say, Facebook) is not necessarily true. 

!!!Reflection No. 4: 
Assuming that people will "buy in" to the altruistic elements of wiki use is again not a "given".  Some element of "assessment" of wiki-based contributions might be more likely to encourage engagement and use of this technology (the stick rather than the carrot!)  We wonder if the thought of other teams examining "our" team's contributions is off-putting - as though a team might feel "bashful" or criticised by peers in other services?

!!!Reflection No. 5: 
Being clear about the limitations of what a wiki can or should be expected to do is important.  Accepting that wikis do not suit every student's tastes is a sensible stance to adopt.  This may be more directly relevant for wikis in which ALL students are //expected// to engage and add material to, rather than AMBIT's use of the wiki as a place for a whole team to record its own expertise, and its adaptations and modifications of the AMBIT core content.

Mental states are opaque and being curious about them is a natural tendency for most people. 

The stance of curiosity, as described by Cecchin (1989), implies the mentalization of relational issues. It aims to create continuously new perspectives of the family’s interactions, thereby widening and changing the field of vision. 

This stance has much in common with the approach used by Lieutenant Colombo, as portrayed by the actor Peter Falk in the American TV series of the same name. ''Colombo style curiosity means investigating observed or reported interactions in a seemingly naïve if not ‘stupid’ and rather slow way''. 

The Colombo-inspired therapist frequently mentalizes aloud, ''entering the arena of safe uncertainty, sharing his hunches and observations as he investigates''. He attempts to get clarification and elaboration (usually whilst scratching his head):

>//“This may sound stupid, but can I just check this? Do you mind if I look around? I think I may be on a wild goose chase, but do you mind if I….?//

>//...Oh, one thing I almost forgot…to you, does it sound like a reasonable explanation? I don’t you want to get offended what I am going to say, but is it possible that you may have got that wrong? There are a couple of loose ends I need to tie up….Whatever happened to ... It makes you kind of wonder …it could be that... or could it be something else?"//

>//"I know this sounds ridiculous….there is one other thing…"//

>//"It occurs to me that… There is something I wanted to talk to you about..."//

In the video example below (with a young actor), note the attempts by the therapist to share their own ideas //as ideas or hypotheses, that may well be quite inaccurate//, and the [[Marking|Marked mirroring]] of what is //"just my thinking about this"// by using hand gestures (tapping one's own head):

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Here is Columbo himself - watch out for the fact that (of course!) Columbo actually "always got his man" - i.e. you could argue that he was in [[Psychic equivalence]] and //knew// what was in the bad guy's mind... which as curious therapists we should always studiously //avoid// doing!

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[img[https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-GXquW5WiKv4/Ubjka8DjoiI/AAAAAAAAIb0/12uB8pacBZ8/w96-h102-no/ComicReliefLogo.jpg]]

We are extremely grateful for the generosity of Comic Relief and its supporters. 

Our grant from Comic Relief is funding:

* Development work on this manual, which is a freely accessible [[Licensed]] opensource resource
* The development of more trainings in AMBIT, especially (though not exclusively) for non-statutory services, and with a particular emphasis on developing this manual as a training resource that can reduce training costs.

You can [[Open the comic relief website here|http://www.comicrelief.com/]] or see it below if you are online:

<html><div align="center"><iframe src="http://www.comicrelief.com/" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="600"></iframe></div></html>

We are keen to get feedback on our cover page - does this help visitors find what they want? Is there too much content?  What is missing?  If you are registered AMBIT manual user and you are logged in, you can comment here.  If not, please email us at ambit@annafreud.org and give us feedback.  AMBIT is built on feedback.

The above comment was made by me, Dickon, in response to Marianne's original comment that has now disappeared (I may have deleted it in my excitement at seeing commenting up and running at last!)  These seem like early teething troubles, that we need to fix.

What we want is for anyone who is a member of the AMBIT Community of Practice (ie who has a username and password for any AMBIT manual) to be able to post comments //on any page on any AMBIT manual// (not just their own) and for these comments to be easily visible to //any other member// of the AMBIT community of practice (or public) who is browsing any AMBIT manual.  Happy to discuss further.

This is a helpful addition to the [[Using the Manual]] tag, but it reminds me that we have an ambit-help bag that info like this should probably go into, as that way it can be available to other wiki manuals, beyond the AMBIT one as a generic "how this tiddlywiki stuff works"  repository... needs a bit of thinking about how to set this up.

Also, it reminds me that a lot of the existing content on [[Using the Manual]] is out of date now that we are working in the upgraded version.!  Work to do!

This  page is in development, especially the final section outlining early thoughts about ways to develop a community-based and community-supported training that is almost cost-free, relying on reciprocal commitments by other teams who will act as facilitators to each other, following a series of exercises that have been worked out in more conventional trainings.  We are trying to find ways to move away from the flow of ideas from an "expert" body to local teams, who, with their clients, hold an enormous amount of expertise already.  The idea of expertise being held in one place is (a) somewhat [[Pretend mode]] and (b) a bottleneck for the kind of step change in dissemination that is required if there is to be whole system change.

We would welcome thoughts on these early thoughts. How would this look in practice?  Are there any examples of this approach to dissemination out there that we can learn from?  Are you a team that would like to volunteer to try this approach?

I have edited this to include instructions for trainings working with a single team, and have added a picture of the Logic model

! What's commenting about?

Our hope (to mark our task) is this. Where different pages (about particular subjects like [[Epistemic Trust]] or heading whole topics such as <<tag [[Core Features of AMBIT]]>> ) seem //interesting//, or //important//, and most of all //helpful// or //unhelpful//, can these pages now become good places to start conversations between members of the [[AMBIT]] [[Community of Practice]] via the commenting feature? 

Mostly, I think, commenting here should concern itself with the content of the page you are commenting on. This page is the welcome page, so we'd better be as welcoming as we can, etc. Could it be better?  I look at it sometimes and think could it be worse?! 

Through comments, or questions, or pleas for help, made here (page authors or members of the AMBIT editorial team are encouraged to place comments here reflecting on the limitations of evidence, uncertainties about whether a page content is meaningful, invitations for help from readers...) I hope the AMBIT editorial team can explore, discuss and agree on the many different ways the current draft might be improved in the light of experience or evidence. The point of AMBIT is to help find the best twists and turns towards balance possible for //today's new draft// of what's helpful for who. That is the core purpose of the commenting feature; nothing in AMBIT isn't ready for improvement and renovation, and here is where (we hope) the [[Community of Practice]] can think about this and help to plan this.

One of the things we should be doing quickly is trying to work out the most helpful ways or rules by which to "run" these comments ([[Commenting feature - Boundaries]]).

! Content Moderation

The AMBIT programme is not at this stage applying any moderation of content but we reserve the right to remove any comments if they appear harmfully non-mentalizing!

By default, the conversations in this commenting feature can only be added to //if you are part of a team that uses an AMBIT manual for which you have editing rights, and are logged in.//  Others who are interested to join please contact ambit@annafreud.org - we are genuinely interested to engage.

! AMBIT and the AMBIT manual

In a sense "''AMBIT 1.0''" was a story of the AMBIT authors doing their best to share and test a bunch of ideas with really amazing teams (often working in incredibly difficult circumstances) but then, as faithfully as possible, to represent and respond to these people's feedback about what we'd offered, changing the model to accommodate this, and trying to do so without then making something or someone else's needs homeless.

That has gone on for ten years or more now, and has resulted in trainings that seem popular, and appear to support change in positive directions, though hard evidence (randomised or longitudinal studies, and in particular studies that reach in to client outcomes, or to value for effort) is very hard to gather, and more is certainly required.

With this commenting feature (small fanfare) this is a step towards "''AMBIT 2.0''", where there is proper broad engagement of a much wider community: more voices and perspectives will enrich and clarify AMBIT, and the best ways to share this.  We hope you will join us.

----
AMBIT is powerfully influenced by ideas of community, informed by SystemsTheory, and by the fact that [[Mentalization]] is just as dependent upon the mentalizer's //access to trusted others// as it is upon any kind of "inner strength".

In one sense an AMBIT-influenced intervention is really about using the [[Community of Practice]] and the well-connected [[Team around the Worker]] to support the development of stronger, more supportive community relationships around the client; these are likely to be around much longer, and possibly to be much more influential upon our clients than we as workers are.

!!''The Community around the worker''

* See [[Keyworker well-connected to wider team]]
* See [[Community of Practice]]
* See [[AMBIT programme]]

!!''The Community around the client''

* See [[Working with the Social Ecology]] 
* See [[Scaffolding existing relationships]]

One important principle in the Keyworker's integrative work is to link the client family with resources in the community, either building on what is already there, or creating new relationships. The community is multi-layered, but an important element of it is the group of [[Experts By Experience]] and their families, who are able to contribute in unique ways to supporting the young person and family during and after their time of acute crisis. 

They, like the KW, have the experience of having to integrate the different aspects of the intervention, and are experts both in their own past difficulties and in how the intervention could be helpful in pulling together better support for the YP currently in severe difficulties. The past users and their families will be involved at both the level of practical mentoring and advising of the young person and the family, and at the level of participating in planning and managing the service.

----
!!''What is this?''
This is a way of describing how groups of practitioners (from many, even any, fields) can function in collaborative ways - to compare and share ways of working so as to sustain and grow knowledge about "what works, for which situations".  
AMBIT and the [[TiddlyManual]]s that support it are significantly influenced by this simple idea, that ''practitioners like to get better at what they are doing, and, given the chance, they like to share their expertise with other practitioners''.  

This is why ''every team trained in AMBIT gets its own local version of the AMBIT manual which it is encouraged to use as a 'practice scrapbook' to document and share its present expertise and ongoing learning about "//what works for whom, __here__//."''

!!!Video
A description of Communities of Practice, what they are, why they matter is included in text below, or:
* See some video: [[Building a Community of Practice - Dickon Bevington]].
* See videos produced BY the AMBIT ~CoP at [[AMBIT Conference presentations]]
!Supporting the AMBIT Community of Practice
Communities of Practice need a certain amount of support.  The AMBIT project from the [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]] is developing [[Support for the AMBIT Community of Practice]]

!!''What's the AMBIT Community writing about?''
A present the functionality to view what other teams have been writing about //within // your manual is under development. You can, however, click the 'Recent' button on the signpositng site- this does however contain all the edits from both the AMBIT program and other teams who use the manuals across the AFNCCF. 

Feel free to email us and we can direct you to teams who are manualizing and who may be of a similar service. mailto:ambit@annafreud.org 

!!''Membership of the AMBIT ~CoP''
 __The [[AMBIT community of practice - Teams]]__ lists all the teams who have received [[AMBIT training]].

The phrase ''"Community of Practice"'' is most closely associated with the anthropologist, Jean Lave, and Etienne Wenger whose work began in the field of Artificial Intelligence.   They described communities of practice following an examination of the learning processes that they observed from a close investigation of //''Apprenticeships''//.

See this [[external link|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_practice]] to the wikipedia page about Communities of Practice for a good starting point for study if you are interested, though we have summarised the subject below.

!!''Features of a Community of Practice''
Quoting from Wenger:

* ''__Mutual Engagement:__''
Firstly, through participation in the community, members establish norms and build collaborative relationships; this is termed mutual engagement. These relationships are the ties that bind the members of the community together as a social entity.

* ''__Joint Enterprise:__''
Secondly, through their interactions, they create a shared understanding of what binds them together; this is termed the joint enterprise. The joint enterprise is (re)negotiated by its members and is sometimes referred to as the 'domain' of the community.

* ''__Shared Repertoire:__''
Finally, as part of its practice, the community produces a set of communal resources, which is termed their shared repertoire; this is used in the pursuit of their joint enterprise and can include both literal and symbolic meanings.

Other ways of describing a Community of Practice are that they ''share the following features'':

* ''__Domain:__''
A domain of knowledge creates common ground, inspires members to participate, guides their learning and gives meaning to their actions.
* ''__Community__''
The notion of a community that creates the social fabric for that learning. A strong community fosters interactions and encourages a willingness to share ideas.
* ''__Practice__''
While the domain provides the general area of interest for the community, the practice is the specific focus around which the community develops, shares and maintains its core of knowledge.

!!''Where does this fit with Mentalizing, ~TiddlyManuals and AMBIT?''

AMBIT, increasingly explicitly, sees one of its aims as the development of a Community of Practice for teams working with chaotic, distressed, hard to reach young people.

The [[TiddlyManual]]s that support AMBIT, function as “windows” upon the work of other teams, encouraging ''//curiosity//'' and the ''//sharing of emerging expertise//'' between services that, although geographically remote, frequently address similar clinical quandaries.  

This aspect of [[Manualization]] builds on themes opened by [[Lave and Wenger (1991)|Lave and Wenger (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation]] in their landmark study of ''apprenticeship'' that has led to the theory of ‘Communities of Practice’ - the establishment of which is an explicit goal for AMBIT.

We believe that [[Mentalization]] theory supports, and to some extent explains, the  phenomenon whereby ''much apprenticed learning does not come from “top down” expert authorities, but from //apprentice peers//'' who, we suggest, are more able than lofty experts [[implicitly|Implicit mentalization]] to mentalize the hopeful learner’s particular dilemma ("why it is hard to understand or cope with //this, right here, right now//").  Being mentalized accurately by another person triggers the [[Epistemic Trust]] that Csibra and Gergely (2006) have shown facilitates and frequently precedes effective social learning from that person.  

In seeking to provide a structured environment to host such relationships, AMBIT aims to capitalise on the learning potential that Communities of Practice offer.

Recently the development of the //world wide web//, and the ease with which expertise can be shared through text, video, etc, via this medium, has pushed these ideas further forwards.  The online [[Wiki]] is one way in which communities of practice may collaborate to share and build knowledge.  

<<communityOfPractice manuals:core>>

<<communityOfPractice>>

The co-occurrence of more more than one clinical problem - for instance SubstanceUseDisorder alongside other mental health problems such as [[Post Traumatic Stress]], [[Depression]] or emerging [[Psychosis]].

This is often a key part of the [[Complexity]] of the [[Hard to reach]] cases AMBIT is designed to work with, and there are important [[Developmental Considerations]] that need to be taken into account which justify investing maximum effort in improving these young lives.

!What is this?
This is the third stage in <<tag [[Active Planning: a core process with clients]]>>

It involves evoking the young person's own understanding of "where I am" and where they currently wanting to get to reflects elements of [[Motivational Work]] and particularly the instruction to [[Develop Discrepancy]].

There is some useful material at [[Relationship to help]] that may help to identify reasons for widely divergent ideas about where the young person and the KeyWorker both want to make as their [[Aims and Goals]].

In comparing my [[intended|Broadcasting Intentions]] destination with a young person's, I am demonstrating my capacity to accomodate difference, and the respectful curiosity and inquisitiveness that [[The Therapist's Mentalizing Stance]] promotes:

*//"I am really interested that although I had in __my mind__ that getting to X would be a good idea, that this is not at all what you had in __your mind__!  How do you think I got it so wrong - or so different - from your point of view?"//

!A Useful Tool:
The [[Active Planning Map]] is a useful and very simple tool for helping a worker to address this in face-to-face work.

<<link-pdf "Competencies.pdf" "https://drive.google.com/file/d/16k7xkIInqwTuBtlpo6iZJI3w5jJNFPZ6/view?ths=true ">>

Ratings of how important each AMBIT competency is, and how much each competency is used were collected by 41 attendees of the most recent AMBIT Conference, 23rd May 2014. The results were worked out by collating all of these ratings-it is these scores that are plotted on the scattergraph.  

A strong positive association can be seen between the two variables plotted on the scattergraph  i.e the importance of the competency to the worker, and the amount the competence is used. This is to be expected; the more important a competency is to a worker, the more it is used.

The competencies of most interest to us are the ones that are rated as important, but relatively un-used (these would be the ones that are plotted in the bottom right of the graph). The reason these are of the most interest is that these are the ones that workers feel they should use, but aren’t using-perhaps because they are lacking the training or tools to utilise this competency. Competency 7 and 17 are the closest to being in the bottom right quadrant: 7. Ability to scaffold existing relationships to provide help, 17. Ability to develop a shared care plan with the young person. Therefore these are the competencies that we will be focusing on developing tools for, to help workers use these competencies more.



<<image [[graph3]] width:842 height:596>>

<<image [[graph4]] width:842 height:596>>

Complexity refers to the number of different [[Domains]] that are affected, and also the number of different [[ProfessionalNetworkMembers]] that are involved with a young person or their carers.  The multiplication or duplication of input from different workers or agencies is a key trigger for what we call [[Dis-integratedInterventions]]. 

Complexity has a lot to do with the [[Comorbidities]] that so often go together, and is one of the defining features of a group of young people that professionals might sometimes refer to as [[Hard to reach]].  There are important [[Developmental Considerations]] for young people whose difficulties are highly complex.

!Prof David Fowler - talking about early social disability
In thinking about early PSYCHOTIC symptoms, Prof Fowler's research shows very clearly that it is ''early social disability'', often a "mess of symptoms and social problems", that is the key warning sign and the signpost towards the poorest prognoses... and what's required to address these kinds of problems is a //fully integrated service//...

This is a talk from the [[MAP conference in Norwich, november 2012|http://www.map.uk.net/pages/2013/01/04/map-conference-working-with-young-people-neglect-and-abuse-watch-the-film-of-the-speakers/]] (see more at [[AMBIT: an overview]]) about ''Working with young people, neglect and abuse''.  See in particular the section around 5mins 48 seconds for the significance of //social disability//.

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These are just one category of the <<tag [[Features of UNsuccessful Mentalizing]]>> 

These can manifest themselves in a general lack of attention to the thoughts, feelings and wishes others, or interpreting one’s own behaviour in terms of the influence of situational or physical constraints rather than feelings and thoughts in oneself or in others around one. This often happens when family conversations invariably focus on concrete concerns, such as who did what and explanations of behaviour in terms of physical circumstances and influences (e.g. we always argue when we travel long distances in the car).
The typical features of concrete understanding or simplistic mentalization are:
!!Difficulty in emotion recognition
Not understanding positive or negative emotions
!!Confusing a feeling with a thought
E.g. because I feel sad, the world is a miserable place (aim to be able to see that you can feel sad without drawing conclusions from it). This confusion may be because feelings are leading to automatic thoughts outside awareness, or because the child notices how he feels and decides that this is what it must mean
!!Understanding behaviour in ‘concrete’ terms
E.g. in terms of external circumstances or other behaviours rather than in terms of internal states; e had a fight because it was hot rather than being able to recognize that one was irritable and had difficulty in hearing the other person.
!!Difficulty in observing one’s own thoughts and feelings
...and in identifying changes in them
!!Not recognizing the impact of one’s thoughts, feelings and actions on others
Manifested as insensitivityy to each other's emotional needs.
!!Not being able to see how one thing has led to another
E.g. a thought led to a feeling which led to an action, and a reaction from someone else
!!Over-generalizing from mental states
E.g. feeling that because one upsetting thing happened, everything has gone wrong
!!Not being able to be flexible
E.g. difficulty in playing with different ways of thinking about situations
!!Feeling that somebody else’s thoughts are dangerous
E.g. that if someone disagrees that means that your own point of view is obliterated or that they hate you etc
!!Struggling to relate thoughts to reality
E.g. The individual in this condition tends to end up going round in unproductive circles and only becomes more anxious
!!Acting without thinking, or avoidance of thinking.
In this category a parent-child relationship may be described as simplistic or concrete if the parent reacts to behaviour without being aware of the child’s feelings or wishes, which are motivating the behaviour. There is an absence of mentalizing of the child. The parent may thus be angry, over-reactive, blaming, and prescriptive. The child’s mental states are obscured and treated as unimportant. This may also happen when there is an identified problem, e.g. ADHD or a physical condition, and either the condition is ignored or every behaviour is explained on the bases of it. The child may be treated as an object, a machine, an extension of the parent’s identity, without curiosity about or recognition of him/her as an individual. Another way this kind of situation can arise is when there is a passive resignation or withdrawal of awareness from the child and non-thinking over a period of time on the part of the parent. Thus as in the previous case, his/her approach has become unthinking, concrete and behavioural. The parent may be depressed or overwhelmed and too tired to focus on the child unless situations have escalated when the parent falls back on a stock response, without trying to understand the specifics. The child recognises that only amplified behaviour will get through the parent’s preoccupation or distraction, so that the situation begins already in an exaggerated and distorted way.

There is [[NICE Guidance on Parent training for conduct disorder]].

There is a helpful leaflet produced by the Royal College of Psychiatrists, which you can open in a separate browser window [[Here|http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mentalhealthinfo/youthinfo/underyourwing/disorders/behaviouralproblems.aspx]] or see below:

<html><div align="center"><iframe src="http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mentalhealthinfo/youthinfo/underyourwing/disorders/behaviouralproblems.aspx" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="600"></iframe></div></html>
!Material in the manual:

The following approaches to intervention are key:
* FamilyWork - with an emphasis on helping parents/carers to uphold BOUNDARIES in firm but benign, and crucially //predictable// ways.
* MultiFamilyWork
* [[Working with the Professional Network]]

It is important to be clear ''EARLY in your work'' with the young person about what can be kept confidential and what cannot. 

Most workers in Child and Adolescent Mental Health will be used to explaining the limits of their confidentiality to clients early on in their therapeutic relationship.  It is important for a therapist, at the earliest appropriate opportunity, to offer a prepared explanation of:

#The //meaning// of confidentiality in a therapeutic relationship
#The //limits// of confidentiality in this relationship.  
!!!Child Protection
The therapist's duty of confidentiality is always "trumped" by [[Child Protection]] concerns if these imply that a //failure// to act upon this information would mean that significant harm is likely to occur.  
!!!Serious crime
Other examples where confidentiality is limited would be hearing about a serious crime such as murder, etc.  For example, simple theft would be unlikely to fulfil this criterion.  The keyworker always reserves the right to consult with colleagues within the team (and should be explicit about this in discussing this with their patient) about whether //breaking// confidence is the most appropriate course of action or not.)
!Mentalization and Confidentiality
Mentalizing interventions often involve an explicit effort to reduce the "opacity" of one's own mind - "thinking out loud".  

It is important to try to explain this process:
*The nature of one's CURIOSITY about the young person's experience 
>//"It is important for me to try really hard to get an ACCURATE picture in my mind of what it is like to be in your shoes - the one thing I know is that I definitely CAN'T do mind-reading, so I have to use kind of nosey questions, but nosey in a good way, I hope!"//t
*Its PURPOSE of this curiosity
>//"...that way there is a better chance that I can help find ways of really being helpful to you - rather than just play-acting at being helpful..."//
*Explain EARLY ON the limits to what my curiosity can cover (i.e. this is not a PRURIENT process.)
>//"of course there are ''limits'' to what I am prepared to be curious about.  It is really important that you feel that some things CAN be private for you; so if you feel I am ever asking about things you don't want to talk about, I would like to have a really clear way of finding that out ASAP - how could you let me know that?..."//

IN DRAFT comments via our twitter feed please! {{{@AFCambit}}}
!Introduction:
Connecting Conversations are what we use the [[Dis-integration grid]] to identify and prioritise, and are one of the key ways of [[Addressing Dis-integration]], one of the [[Core Features of AMBIT]].
Here we explain why they are worth pursuing, and how to go about that.
!What's the Problem? (What's the point of connecting conversations?)
When two parts of a network are [[Dis-integrated|Dis-integration]] they could be represented on [[The AMBIT Pro-Gram]] as being far apart, and poorly [[mentalizing|Mentalization]] of each other.  Another way of explaining this refers back to the [[Dis-integration grid]], in that there is misalignment between:
* the EXPLANATIONS ("''What's the problem'' I am trying to help with?")
* the INTERVENTIONS ("''What to do'' about these problems that might help?")
* the SYSTEMIC RESPONSIBILITIES ("''Who should be doing what'' to support the changes that we think will help?")

The ''__impact on a client__'' of this is that:
* they may perceive these people as being unhelpfully in conflict
* they feel that in fulfilling the wishes of //one// of them, they will inevitably upset the //other//.  
* the interventions are poorly coordinated, and ineffective, so that the honest intentions to be helpful in both of these individuals (this could apply to two workers, as much as it could apply to two parents) are undermined.

The point of a connecting conversation is to bring these two (or more) elements in a network into closer alignment, so that even though it may not be possible to "convert" either to each other's viewpoint, there is more accurate mentalization of each other.  In this way the dilemma becomes ''explicit'' rather than hidden, and the network as a whole can be invited to rearrange itself in ways that - //mindful of the overall intention to help the client// - at least reduces the most negative impacts.
!Principles
* [[Dis-integration]] is inevitable and normal in any multi-agency or multi-professional system: it is the "natural resting state" of our working environment, and should not be seen as requiring professional shame or blame as a response.  Mentalizing each other is harder in conditions of stress.
* Managing connecting conversations is not a mechanical process, but ''diplomacy''.  Manners, respect, authenticity, humour, creativity... Connecting (and maintaining connection) is a process rather than a single event
* Connecting conversations require [[Mentalization]] to be active in order for them to work - which requires that //affect// should be addressed.
* Connecting conversations might be required around differences (dis-integration) over ''Explanations'', ''Interventions'' or ''Responsibilities'' (see [[Dis-integration grid]]) and being clear about what the misalignment is, and how differently these might need to be addressed is important.
* ''Take responsibility'' for your own state of mind in preparing for any connecting conversation.
* ''Take responsibility'' for facilitating the meeting so as to give people an experience that they have been thought about:
** //I'll organise a room"..."I'll call X or Y to arrange this"...//
** Arranging HOSPITALITY is part of the work of creating conditions in which mentalizing is more likely.
** This doesn't necessarily man investing a lot of time or money into providing "luxuries" for the other worker, but in "homemade offerings" that speak of an //investment in our relationship//
* ''Holding the Balance'': Connecting conversations are often in the territory of balancing the two core AMBIT stance principles of [[Scaffolding existing relationships]] and [[Managing Risk]], as well, more generally as Reflection and Action.
* No change is possible if the other people involved do not experience their own position as properly understood.
** We may be misunderstanding this situation as much as anyone else
** It is NOT about convincing other people to change.
** "The hardest thing to change is your own mind"
** Influence (your ambit) is ''granted by others'', rather than "won" - through accurately mentalizing the other, rather than "pulling rank".
!Practice 
2 questions: 
>//"What don't I know about this situation that is leading me to think about it differently from her/him?"//

>//"What information do I have, __that I may not have communicated clearly enough__ in order to make better sense to people holding these different points of view?"//
!EXAMPLES:
There may be an escalator of interventions - there is certainly not one way to go about this:
* (i) ''A letter'' broadcasting my understanding about the young person's dilemma, circulated to the relevant parties.
* (ii) ''Direct call'' to another worker: //"Can you give me a hand with X or Y?  I'm worried that thing could get worse if we can't find a way forwards..."//
* (iii) ''Visiting'' a worker, or inviting them to visit - empathy, mentalizing, measures to provide emotional containment/humour/nourishment (cup of tea, etc!)
* (iii) ''Conducting a group exercise'' with the relevant parties by co-creating [[The AMBIT Pro-Gram]] for that particular client.  //"There are lots of us who are worried about this young person, and I wonder if it would be helpful if we tried to map out who is relating to him, and how these different relationships are working?  How do we use what we have already got as effectively as possible?"//
* (iv) ''Coaching a worker'' about perspectives and ways to address differences with a third worker.

Naming the worker's (who is trying to intervene to address disintegration) dilemma: "I can't tell these people what to do"


!!!Marking the task:
* Clarify in your own mind who are you working towards connecting with whom, and in relation to what?  This should be a purposeful, planned piece of work.
* Ideally a connecting conversation would conclude with efforts on the part of both "positions" to understand ([[mentalize|Mentalization]]) the other, to understand the impact of the dis-integration upon the client, and to convey willingness to change one's own state of mind and position to better serve the needs of the client.
* Whether or not the dis-integrated perspectives or interventions are changed, the first effort is towards improving the way each one understands the other.
* Ideally we are inviting people in different positions to ask themselves: 
>//"What don't I know about this situation that is leading me to think about it differently from her/him?"//

>//"What information do I have, __that I may not have communicated clearly enough__ in order to make better sense to people holding these different points of view?"//

Remember that to mentalize someone else does not mean the same thing as to agree with everything they say or do - see [[Individual Differences and Disagreements]] for a bit more detail on this.


!What to do? How to go about connecting other parts of a network?
!!!1. Define what is your ambit:
* ''Are you clear enough about the TASK'' you are trying to achieve in thinking about creating a specific connecting conversation? 
* ''Remember your limits:'' you may be working on the basis of some quite tentative attempts to mentalize other workers, or agencies, and this is not the same as being right!
* ''Do you have the authority'' to "demand" a meeting between two parts of the network (//"See me in my office!"//)? - In many cases this is not the case, and a worker will be addressing other parts of the network that have no duty or obligation to listen to what they are saying.  You can still look for opportunities to ''influence'', however.
* ''Other ways of exerting influence:''  Without a formal (managerial, supervisory) responsibility, there are usually still ways that you can helpfully influence other relationships.
!!!2. Be strategic: 
* [[Think together|Thinking Together]] with other members of your team, or managers: this is vital to ensure that your proposed approach is not likely to disturb other negotiations, processes that you may be unaware of, and "makes sense" to others.
* ''Use your team:'' Consider the possibility that there may be another person in your team who would be better placed to take this on.  However, your own "strength" is in the fact that you are engaged and close the the client that everyone is trying to help.
* ''Keep your eye on the overarching TASK:'' the purpose is not //"get worker A back into line"// but to help create a network that is experienced as helpful and effective by your client!
!!!3. Start by ''sharing your own perspective and dilemma''
* A helpful starting point is to address this with each of the people involved, //individually//, and ''try "asking for help", rather than telling them what's required''.  
* This might be via a phone call or face to face meeting, but in some cases via email or letter (if there is a high likelihood of misunderstanding, then speaking about these issues tends to be more successful).
* A first strategy might be to try to explain to the key parties what is YOUR OWN dilemma as a worker trying to help.  Invite them to help you make sense of what you have observed/experienced:
>//"Can you help me find the best way to support your work without undermining another worker in Team X, because I am keen to help address a whole range of different needs in our client, and at present it feels as though if I support you, I am actually at risk of undermining worker Z."//
* Remember that [[Features of Successful Mentalizing]] include tentativeness, acceptance of the limits of one's own knowing ("Minds are Opaque"), self-deprecating humour... 
!!!4. Try to mentalize their dilemma
* You are trying to create [[Epistemic Trust]] through accurately mentalizing their predicament and response - without this there is limited scope for your own ideas to be perceived as interesting or worth trying out.
* Start from an assumption that they are behaving in the best way possible in an impossible situation, consider the different pressures and demands that they may be subject to (targets, managerial direction, client demands, exhaustion and overwhelm, etc).
!!!5. Use a mentalized account of ''the client's perspective''
* Keep to the primary task by talking about your perception of the impact of the [[Dis-integration]] upon the client.
!!!6. Apply the same principles of Active Planning
* See [[Active Planning: a core process with clients]]
 

!When do health professionals need consent from patients?
1. Before you examine, treat or care for competent adult patients you must obtain their consent.
2. Adults (>18 years) are always assumed to be competent unless demonstrated otherwise. If you have doubts
about their competence, the question to ask is: “can this patient understand and weigh up the
information needed to make this decision?” Unexpected decisions do not prove the patient is
incompetent, but may indicate a need for further information or explanation.
3. Patients may be competent to make some health care decisions, even if they are not competent
to make others.
4. Giving and obtaining consent is usually a process, not a one-off event. Patients can change their
minds and withdraw consent at any time. If there is any doubt, you should always check that
the patient still consents to your caring for or treating them.
!Can children consent for themselves?
5. Before examining, treating or caring for a child, you must also seek consent. Young people aged
16 and 17 are presumed to have the competence to give consent for themselves. Younger
children who understand fully what is involved in the proposed procedure can also give consent
(although their parents will ideally be involved). In other cases, some-one with parental
responsibility must give consent on the child’s behalf, unless they cannot be reached in an
emergency. If a competent child consents to treatment, a parent cannot over-ride that consent.
Legally, a parent can consent if a competent child refuses, but it is likely that taking such a
serious step will be rare.
!Who is the right person to seek consent?
6. It is always best for the person actually treating the patient to seek the patient’s consent.
However, you may seek consent on behalf of colleagues if you are capable of performing the
procedure in question, or if you have been specially trained to seek consent for that procedure.
What information should be provided?
7. Patients need sufficient information before they can decide whether to give their consent: for
example information about the benefits and risks of the proposed treatment, and alternative
treatments. If the patient is not offered as much information as they reasonably need to make
their decision, and in a form they can understand, their consent may not be valid.
!Is the patient’s consent voluntary?
8. Consent must be given voluntarily: not under any form of duress or undue influence from
health professionals, family or friends.
!Does it matter how the patient gives consent?
9. No: consent can be written, oral or non-verbal. A signature on a consent form does not itself
prove the consent is valid – the point of the form is to record the patient’s decision, and also
increasingly the discussions that have taken place. Your Trust or organisation may have a policy
setting out when you need to obtain written consent.
!Refusals of treatment
10. Competent adult patients are entitled to refuse treatment, even where it would clearly benefit
their health. The only exception to this rule is where the treatment is for a mental disorder and
the patient is detained under the Mental Health Act 1983. A competent pregnant woman may
refuse any treatment, even if this would be detrimental to the fetus.
!Adults who are not competent to give consent
11. No-one can give consent on behalf of an incompetent adult. However, you may still treat such
a patient if the treatment would be in their best interests. ‘Best interests’ go wider than best
medical interests, to include factors such as the wishes and beliefs of the patient when
competent, their current wishes, their general well-being and their spiritual and religious
welfare. People close to the patient may be able to give you information on some of these
factors. Where the patient has never been competent, relatives, carers and friends may be best
placed to advise on the patient’s needs and preferences.
12. If an incompetent patient has clearly indicated in the past, while competent, that they would
refuse treatment in certain circumstances (an ‘advance refusal’), and those circumstances arise,
you must abide by that refusal.
!Disclaimer
The text from this tiddler is taken directly from Government (Dept of Health) publication, but refers to England - most of the principles will be useful outside of England, but practitioners remain responsible for ensuring that their own practice is within the law of the land wherever they are practicing.

This summary cannot cover all situations. For more detail on UK law, consult the Reference guide to consent for examination or treatment, available from the NHS Response Line 08701 555 455 and at www.doh.gov.uk/consent

!What is an AMBIT consultation day?
An AMBIT consultation is offered as standard to all teams enquiring about, or preparing for,
AMBIT training, after the initial engagement call. The broad purpose of the consultation
day is to reach a shared understanding with a team (or organisation) about whether
embarking on AMBIT training will be useful to them and if so, what the training objectives
might be.
The day will be facilitated by two trainers from the AMBIT Programme, one of whom will
be the AMBIT Programme Lead or Deputy Lead.

!The format of the day
Depending on the size of the team or organisation, the consultation day may consist of
either a half or full day. A consultation day is comprised of the following elements:
• Exploration with the team/organisation around its core purpose, strengths and
needs
• Exploration with the team about how it currently learns and develops
• Supporting the team to clarify the training objectives for an AMBIT training
• Providing a brief overview of AMBIT
• Providing information about the different training routes and implementation
support packages available

!Full day or half day
For teams who are seeking to embark upon a large-scale programme of training (e.g. one
involving multiple teams within an area or organisation), the consultation day is most
usefully undertaken in two halves. We recommend a morning session which includes key
stakeholders or representatives from the different teams who will be the recipients of the
training, followed by an afternoon session which includes frontline practitioners from
these teams to ensure that the views of both are fully captured. The agenda of the
sessions will be similar, with the intention that elements of the discussion from the
morning (including the provisional training objectives agreed) can be shared and
discussed with the frontline practitioners during the afternoon session in order to seek out
and incorporate their views.
Where training is being sought by an individual team, the consultation day can either be
undertaken with a half-day or full-day session, according to the team’s preference. The 
full day will allow for a more in depth exploration of the above areas and a more detailed
overview of the AMBIT framework. 

-----
For our contact details, please see the following pages:

* See [[Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families]]
* See [[AMBIT programme]]
* See [[Community of Practice]]

Alternatively, if you have a login, please feel free to leave a comment on the manual. You will see the comment box at the bottom of each page!

''Sessions/Contacts/Medication''
<<tag ClinicalContactNotes>>
<<newJournal label:"New record" focus:text text:"Type your client record here. In addition to documenting what happened, include the following: (i) a brief account of the mental state, especially if it has changed. (ii) an update of the risk assessment, especially if it has changed in any way (iii) a clear plan for what you plan to address next session. (iv) Finally, tag this entry with any [[Specific interventions]] that you delivered." title:"YYYY-0MM-0DD 0hh:0mm - Clinical Contact Note" tag:ClientNotes:ClinicalContactNotes>>
!
''Medications''
<<tag PrescribedMedication>>
<<newJournal label:"New record" focus:title text:"Delete these instructions.  Give details of the medication.  WHO is prescribing? WHAT is the DOSE? WHEN is it taken and HOW (tablet, syrup, etc), any WARNING signs to look out for?" title:"JUST START TYPING to overwrite the name of the prescribed medication." tag:ClientNotes:PrescribedMedication>>
!
''Themes and Warnings''
<<tag ClinicalThemes>>
<<newJournal label:"Record New" focus:title text:"You can delete these notes and over-write them.
If a theme occurs it may be difficult to fit it into the other categories, but these may be helpful in making hypotheses or coming to novel treatment approaches.
This is already tagged with ClientNotes and ClinicalThemes; add any additional tags that might help sort this entry in the future." title:"JUST START TYPING TO OVER-WRITE THIS: Title for CLINICAL THEME here" tag:ClientNotes:ClinicalThemes>>
!
<<tag OtherWarnings>>
<<newJournal label:"Record New" focus:title text:"You can delete these notes and over-write them.
Ensure that any serious warnings are refelcted in the Risk Assessment.
Do NOT include Allergies or Medications here - they are recorded separately.
This is already tagged with ClientNotes and OtherWarnings; add any additional tags that might help sort this entry in the future." title:"JUST START TYPING TO OVER-WRITE THIS: Title for CLINICAL THEME here" tag:ClientNotes:OtherWarnings>>
!
''Take Home messages''
<<tag TakeHomeMessages>>
<<newJournal label:"Record new" focus:text text:"Type any specific messages for the client (the young person or family) here.  This will have been discussed in a [[Reflective quorum]] such as [[Team Meetings]] before being entered here.  

REMEMBER to TAG this message with the name of the Team Member making the comment" title:"YYYY-0MM-0DD 0hh:0mm - Take Home Msg." tag:ClientNotes:TakeHomeMessages>>

This is the stage where a client becomes able to consider the risks and benefits of a particular course of behaviour.  In this stage [[Weighing Pros and Cons]] is a useful exercise from [[CognitiveBehavioural for SUD-Rx]].

Remember the principle of [[Adapt your